SSM整合系列之 配置多数据源 利用AOP动态切换数据源 实现读写分离

版权声明:如需转载,请注明出处。 https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116/article/details/85058052

摘要:在开发的项目中大都都会使用读写分离的技术,本人目前开发的项目接触到的都是主从复制(一主一从),就是一个Master数据库,一个Slave数据库。主库负责数据插入、更新和实时数据查询,从库库负责非实时数据查询。在实际项目应用中,都是读多写少,而读取数据通常比较复杂而且耗时,SQL语句需要各种优化。采用读写分离技术可以有效缓解数据库的压力,加快响应速度,提升用户体验。如果随着业务不断扩展,数据不断增加,那么可以扩展多个从节点(一主多从),使用负载均衡,减轻每个从库的查询压力。本文将从一主一从说开去。
SpringAop面向切面编程在本文就不详细介绍,如果不清楚可自行百度Google。

1.项目搭建
可以参考本系列文章,博客地址:https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116/article/details/84573166
或者直接下载项目,git地址:https://github.com/gitcaiqing/SSM_DEMO.git
2.搭建MySQL主从复制
在写本文的时候我特地搭建了2个MySQL服务,端口号分别是3306,3308
搭建MySQL主从复制可参考:https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116/article/details/84995472
3.项目配置
(1)config/jdbc.config配置

#连接驱动
jdbc.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

#端口号3306的数据源
jdbc.url = jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3306/db_ssmdemo?useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries\=true
jdbc.username = root
jdbc.password = 123456

#端口号3308的数据源
jdbc.3308.url = jdbc\:mysql\://localhost\:3308/db_ssmdemo?useUnicode\=true&characterEncoding\=UTF-8&allowMultiQueries\=true
jdbc.3308.username = root
jdbc.3308.password = 123456

#定义初始连接数 
jdbc.initialSize=2 
#定义最大连接数 
jdbc.maxActive=20
#定义最大空闲 
jdbc.maxIdle=20
#定义最小空闲 
jdbc.minIdle=1
#定义最长等待时间 
jdbc.maxWait=60000
#验证数据库连接的有效性
jdbc.validationQuery=select 1

(2)spring/mybatis.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd">
	
	<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
		<property name="mapperLocations">
			 <list>
                <value>classpath:sql/*.xml</value>
            </list>
		</property>
	</bean>

	<bean class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
		<property name="basePackage" value="com.ssm.mapper" />
		<property name="sqlSessionFactoryBeanName" value="sqlSessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	<bean id="sqlSession" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate" scope="prototype">
  		<constructor-arg index="0" ref="sqlSessionFactory" />
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 使用annotation定义事务,使用cglib代理,解决同一service中事务方法相互调用的 嵌套事务失效问题 -->
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"  proxy-target-class="true"/>
	<!--事务配置 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>
	
</beans>

(3)spring/dataAccessContext.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	xsi:schemaLocation="
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.0.xsd">
	<description>数据库、事务配置</description>
	
	<!-- 端口号3306的数据源(主节点)-->
	<bean id="dataSource3306" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" destroy-method="close">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
		<property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}" />
		<property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}" />
		<property name="initialSize" value="${jdbc.initialSize}" />
		<property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.maxActive}" />
		<property name="maxIdle" value="${jdbc.maxIdle}" />
		<property name="minIdle" value="${jdbc.minIdle}" />
		<property name="maxWait" value="${jdbc.maxWait}"></property>
		<property name="validationQuery" value="${jdbc.validationQuery}" />
		<!-- 监控数据库 -->
		<!--<property name="filters" value="mergeStat" />-->
		<property name="filters" value="stat" /> 
		<property name="connectionProperties" value="druid.stat.mergeSql=true" />  
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 端口号3308的数据源(从节点) -->
	<bean id="dataSource3308" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource" destroy-method="close">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driverClassName}" />
		<property name="url" value="${jdbc.3308.url}" />
		<property name="username" value="${jdbc.3308.username}" />
		<property name="password" value="${jdbc.3308.password}" />
		<property name="initialSize" value="${jdbc.initialSize}" />
		<property name="maxActive" value="${jdbc.maxActive}" />
		<property name="maxIdle" value="${jdbc.maxIdle}" />
		<property name="minIdle" value="${jdbc.minIdle}" />
		<property name="maxWait" value="${jdbc.maxWait}"></property>
		<property name="validationQuery" value="${jdbc.validationQuery}" />
		<!-- 监控数据库 -->
		<!--<property name="filters" value="mergeStat" />-->
		<property name="filters" value="stat" /> 
		<property name="connectionProperties" value="druid.stat.mergeSql=true" />  
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 数据源,需要自定义类继承AbstractRoutingDataSource,实现determineCurrentLookupKey -->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="com.ssm.datasource.DynamicDataSource">
		<!-- 设置默认数据源 -->
		<property name="defaultTargetDataSource" ref="dataSource3306"></property>
		<!-- 设置多个数据源,后台切换数据源key与这里key配置需要一致 -->
		<property name="targetDataSources">
			<map key-type="java.lang.String">
				<entry key="dataSource3306" value-ref="dataSource3306"/>
				<entry key="dataSource3308" value-ref="dataSource3308"/>
			</map>
		</property>
          <!-- 实现类自定义属性DynamicDataSource赋值切换从库的方法名前缀 -->
		<property name="methodPrefix">
			<map key-type="java.lang.String">
				<entry key="slave">
					<!-- "list","count","find","get","select","query" 等,根据开发人员方法命名习惯配置 -->
					<list>
						<value>list</value>
						<value>count</value>
						<value>find</value>
						<value>get</value>
						<value>select</value>
						<value>query</value>
					</list>
				</entry>
			</map>
		</property>
	</bean>
    
</beans>

(5)修改spring/applicationContext.xml 配置启用AOP注解

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	   xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"  
	   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	   xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task" 
	   xmlns:cache="http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache" 
	   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.1.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-4.1.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task-3.0.xsd 
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache http://www.springframework.org/schema/cache/spring-cache.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-4.1.xsd ">

	<!--引入配置属性文件 -->
	<context:property-placeholder location="classpath*:config/*.properties" />
	
	<!-- 包扫描,扫描切面 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.ssm,com.ssm.aspect">
		<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
	</context:component-scan>
	
	<!-- 基于注解 使AspectJ注解起 作用:自动为匹配的类生成代理对象 -->
  	<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true"/>
	
    <!-- 线程池配置 -->
    <bean id="taskExecutor" class="org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor">
		<!-- 核心线程数 -->	 
		<property name="corePoolSize" value="5"/>
		<!-- 最大线程数 -->  
		<property name="maxPoolSize" value="50"/>
		<!-- 队列最大长度 -->
		<property name="queueCapacity" value="1000"/>
		<!-- 线程池维护线程所允许的空闲时间,默认为60s -->
		<property name="keepAliveSeconds" value="6"/>
	</bean>
</beans>

4.自定义类继承AbstractRoutingDataSource,实现determineCurrentLookupKey,并且自定义属性methodPrefix用于设置切换到从节点的方法名前缀
AbstractRoutingDataSource的相关源码在我的另一篇文章中有介绍,参考博文:https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116/article/details/84979682
我们实现determineCurrentLookupKey方法,返回值为dataSource3306或dataSource3308,定义属性Map<String,List> methodPrefix用于方法名前缀赋值,具体实现如下:

package com.ssm.datasource;

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.lookup.AbstractRoutingDataSource;

/**
 * 定义动态数据源,集成spring提供的AbstractRoutingDataSource,实现determineCurrentLookupKey
 * @author https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116
 */
public class DynamicDataSource extends AbstractRoutingDataSource{
	
	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DynamicDataSource.class);
	
	/*
	 * 定义一个方法前缀methodPrefix属性,通过配置文件赋值,该map存储数据源和方法前缀的值形如形如
	 * {"slave",["list","count","find","get","select","query","等不一一列举"]}
	 * 这里的方法前缀根据开发人员的习惯可自行配置
	*/
	public static Map<String,List<String>> methodPrefix = new HashMap<String, List<String>>();
	
	//设置切换到从库的方法前缀
	@SuppressWarnings("static-access")
	public void setMethodPrefix(Map<String, List<String>> methodPrefix) {
		this.methodPrefix = methodPrefix;
	}

	@Override
	protected Object determineCurrentLookupKey() {
		Object dataType = DataSourceContextHolder.getDataType();
		log.info("当前数据源:{}",dataType);
		return dataType;
	}
 
}

5.借助ThreadLocal类,通过ThreadLocal类传递参数设置数据源,并且添加方法isSlave根据参数判断是否切换到从节点

package com.ssm.datasource;

import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;

/**
 * 切换数据源,清除数据源信息等
 * @author https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116
 */
public class DataSourceContextHolder {
	
	
	//定义数据源标识和配置文件dataAccessContext.xml配置的bean id一致
	public static final String DATASOURCE = "dataSource3306";
	public static final String DATASOURCE3308 = "dataSource3308";
	//定义从库标识,和配置
	public static final String SLAVE = "slave";

	private static final ThreadLocal<String> contextHolder = new ThreadLocal<String>();
	
	/**
	 * 设置当前数据源
	 * @param dataType 数据元类型 DATASOURCE | DATASOURCE3308
	 */
	public static void setDatatype(String dataType) {
		contextHolder.set(dataType);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 获取当前数据源
	 * @return
	 */
	public static String getDataType(){
		return contextHolder.get();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 清除
	 */
	public static void clear() {
		contextHolder.remove();
	}
	
	/**
	 * 切到3306端口数据源
	 */
	public static void mark3306() {
		setDatatype(DATASOURCE);
	}
	
	/**
	 * 切到3308端口数据源
	 */
	public static void mark3308() {
		setDatatype(DATASOURCE3308);
	}

	/**
	 * 判断是否进入从库
	 * @return
	 */
	public static boolean isSlave(String methodName) {
		//未配置切换到从库的方法名前缀,返回false,默认切换到主库
		Map<String, List<String>> methodPrefix = DynamicDataSource.methodPrefix;
		if(methodPrefix == null) {
			return false;
		}
		List<String> methodPrefixs = methodPrefix.get(SLAVE);
		if(methodPrefixs.isEmpty()) {
			return false;
		}
		//方法名前缀和配置的相同则切换到从库
		if(StringUtils.startsWithAny(methodName, methodPrefixs.toArray(new CharSequence[methodPrefixs.size()]))) {
			return true;
		}
		return false;
	}
	
}

6.定义切面类
创建包com.ssm.aspect,创建类DataSourceAspect.java,具体实现如下

package com.ssm.aspect;

import org.aspectj.lang.JoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Before;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Pointcut;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import com.ssm.datasource.DataSourceContextHolder;

/**
 * 定义一个数据源切换的切面
 * @aspect 注释对于在类路径中自动检测是不够的:为了达到这个目的,您需要添加一个单独的@component注解
 * @author https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116 
 */
@Aspect
@Component
public class DataSourceAspect {

	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DataSourceAspect.class);
	
	/**
	 * 定义切面
	 * 跟数据源相关的操作都是在service包下
	 */
	@Pointcut("execution(* com.ssm.service.*.*(..))")
	public void servicePoint(){}
	
	/**
	 * 根据切入点进行数据源的切换
	 */
	@Before("servicePoint()")
	public void before(JoinPoint joinpoint){
		String className = joinpoint.getTarget().getClass().getName();
		String methodName = joinpoint.getSignature().getName();
		//判断如果方法名开头符合从库,则切换到从库(端口号3308的服务)
		if(DataSourceContextHolder.isSlave(methodName)) {
			log.info("执行类:"+className+" 方法:"+methodName+",切换到从库");
			DataSourceContextHolder.mark3308();
		}else {
			log.info("执行类:"+className+" 方法:"+methodName+",切换到主库");
			DataSourceContextHolder.mark3306();
		}
	}
}

7.测试
编写增删查改Service和实现类,这些在之前的文章中有介绍,就不重复介绍了

com/ssm/service/BasicUserService.java
package com.ssm.service;

import java.util.List;

import com.ssm.entity.BasicUser;
import com.ssm.entity.Page;

/**
 * 用户Service
 * @author https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116
 *
 */
public interface BasicUserService {
	
	Integer insert(BasicUser basicUser);
	
	Integer deleteById(Integer id);
	
	BasicUser selectById(Integer id);
	
	Integer updateById(BasicUser basicUser);
	
	BasicUser selectByUsername(String username);
}

com/ssm/service/impl/BasicUserServiceImpl.java

package com.ssm.service.impl;


import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.ssm.entity.BasicUser;
import com.ssm.entity.Page;
import com.ssm.mapper.BasicUserMapper;
import com.ssm.service.BasicUserService;

/**
 * 用户Service实现类
 * @author https://blog.csdn.net/caiqing116
 *
 */
@Service
public class BasicUserServiceImpl implements BasicUserService{

	@Autowired
	private BasicUserMapper basicUserMapper;
	
	/**
	 * 插入用户
	 */
	public Integer insert(BasicUser basicUser) {
		return basicUserMapper.insertSelective(basicUser);
	}

	/**
	 * 根据id删除
	 */
	public Integer deleteById(Integer id) {
		return basicUserMapper.deleteByPrimaryKey(id);
	}

	/**
	 * 根据id查询
	 */
	public BasicUser selectById(Integer id) {
		return basicUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
	}

	/**
	 * 根据id更新
	 */
	public Integer updateById(BasicUser basicUser) {
		return basicUserMapper.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(basicUser);
	}

	/**
	 * 根据用户名查询
	 */
	public BasicUser selectByUsername(String username) {
		return basicUserMapper.selectByUsername(username);
	}

}

Service测试类

package com.ssm.service;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;

import com.ssm.entity.BasicUser;
import com.ssm.util.EncryptKit;
import com.ssm.util.UuidUtil;

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = { "classpath:spring/*.xml","classpath:servlet/*.xml" })
public class BasicUserServiceTest {
	
	private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BasicUserServiceTest.class);
	
	@Autowired
	private BasicUserService basicUserService;

	@Test
	public void testInsert() {
		BasicUser basicUser = new BasicUser();
		basicUser.setUtype(1);
		basicUser.setUserid(UuidUtil.getUuid());
		basicUser.setUsername("叹稀奇");
		basicUser.setRealname("叹稀奇");
		basicUser.setPassword(EncryptKit.MD5("123456"));
		basicUser.setAge(18);
		//手动切换数据源测试代码
		//切换到3308插入数据
		/*DataSourceContextHolder.clear();
		DataSourceContextHolder.mark3306();
		int result = basicUserService.insert(basicUser);
		DataSourceContextHolder.clear();*/
		//自动切换数据源测试
		int result = basicUserService.insert(basicUser);
		log.info("basicUser:"+basicUser);
		log.info("插入行数:"+result);
	}

	@Test
	public void testDeleteById() {
		int result = basicUserService.deleteById(1);
		log.info("删除行数:"+result);
	}

	@Test
	public void testSelectById() {
		BasicUser basicUser = basicUserService.selectById(1);
		log.info("basicUser:"+basicUser);
	}

	@Test
	public void testUpdateById() {
		BasicUser basicUser = new BasicUser();
		basicUser.setId(1);
		basicUser.setAge(19);
		int result = basicUserService.updateById(basicUser);
		log.info("更新行数:"+result);
	}

	@Test
	public void testSelectByUsername() {
		String username = "墨倾池";
		BasicUser basicUser = basicUserService.selectByUsername(username);
		log.info("basicUser:"+basicUser);
	}

}

在测试中,我们看下日志文件的打印
测试方法: testSelectById,日志如下:

[INFO] 执行类:com.ssm.service.impl.BasicUserServiceImpl 方法:selectById,切换到从库 
[INFO] 当前数据源:dataSource3308 

测试方法:insert,日志如下:

[INFO] 执行类:com.ssm.service.impl.BasicUserServiceImpl,方法:insert,切换到主库 
[INFO] 当前数据源:dataSource3306 

在测试插入的时候,我们可以分别查询下主库和从库的数据,可以验证主从是否正常同步,如下图说明读写分离是成功的
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

8.Service层调用内部方法无法切换数据源问题

/**
 * 根据id查询
 */
public BasicUser selectById(Integer id) {
	//该方法内部含有一些其他业务处理,如插入删除更新操作等等需要,需要切换到主节点
	//在这里进行了Service层内部方法调用
	//一般理解,这里会切换到从库,实际是不会的
	log.info("执行删除操作开始");
	this.deleteById(3);
	log.info("执行删除操作结束");
	
	return basicUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
}

执行测试方法testSelectById,日志如下:

[INFO] 执行类:com.ssm.service.impl.BasicUserServiceImpl 方法:selectById,切换到从库 
[INFO] 执行删除操作开始 
[INFO] 进入方法deleteById..... 
[INFO] 执行删除操作结束 
[INFO] 当前数据源:dataSource3308 
[INFO] basicUser:BasicUser [id=1, userid=bc8bbfb770ee4f2c9ba0f988a7a92d4f, utype=1, username=墨倾池, password=E10ADC3949BA59ABBE56E057F20F883E, headimg=null, realname=云天望垂, sex=null, age=19, mobile=null, email=null, credate=Fri Dec 07 14:50:20 CST 2018, upddate=null] 

可以看出在进入方法deleteById并没有切换数据源。这是为什么呢,原来Service中如此调用并非调用的是代理类中的方法,然而必须要调用代理类才会被切进去。
在这里插入图片描述
在这里插入图片描述

既然只有调用代理类的方法才能切入,那我们就拿到代理类,再进行调用。修改selectById方法。

/**
 * 根据id查询
 */
public BasicUser selectById(Integer id) {
	//该方法内部含有一些其他业务处理,如插入删除更新操作等等需要,需要切换到主节点
	//在这里进行了Service层内部方法调用
	//一般理解,这里会切换到从库,实际是不会的
	log.info("执行删除操作开始");
	//this.deleteById(3);
	
	//获取代理类
	BasicUserService proxy = ((BasicUserService)AopContext.currentProxy());
	proxy.deleteById(3);
	log.info("执行删除操作结束");
	
	return basicUserMapper.selectByPrimaryKey(id);
}

执行后报错,提示需要设置expose-proxy属性为true,将代理暴露出来

java.lang.IllegalStateException: Cannot find current proxy: Set 'exposeProxy' property on Advised to 'true' to make it available.
at org.springframework.aop.framework.AopContext.currentProxy(AopContext.java:64)
at com.ssm.service.impl.BasicUserServiceImpl.selectById(BasicUserServiceImpl.java:59)
at com.ssm.service.impl.BasicUserServiceImpl$$FastClassBySpringCGLIB$$f982c283.invoke(<generated>)

我们修改下spring/applicationContext.xml

<!-- 基于注解 使AspectJ注解起 作用:自动为匹配的类生成代理对象 -->
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy proxy-target-class="true" expose-proxy="true"/>

再次运行我们查看BasicUserService对象为代理对象,如下图
在这里插入图片描述
查看日志如下,执行删除操作的时候数据源从从库切到了主库

[INFO] 执行类:com.ssm.service.impl.BasicUserServiceImpl 方法:selectById,切换到从库 
[INFO] 执行删除操作开始 
[INFO] 执行类:com.ssm.service.impl.BasicUserServiceImpl 方法:deleteById,切换到主库 
[INFO] 进入方法deleteById..... 
[INFO] 执行删除操作结束 
[INFO] 当前数据源:dataSource3306 

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转载自blog.csdn.net/caiqing116/article/details/85058052
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