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迁移需求
现有测试服务器A 和 测试服务器 B，需要实现从测试服务器A向测试服务器B进行mongoDB 数据库的迁移。
可以使用 mongoDB 的导出工具 mongoexport 和导入工具 mongoimport 实现。
官方英文文档链接 mongoDB mongoexport ，mongoDB mongoimport
数据导出
mongoexport 参数项
general options:
--help print usage
--version print the tool version and exit
verbosity options:
-v, --verbose=<level> more detailed log output (include multiple
times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or
specify a numeric value, e.g. --verbose=N)
--quiet hide all log output
connection options:
-h, --host=<hostname> mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2
for replica sets)
--port=<port> server port (can also use --host hostname:port)
authentication options:
-u, --username=<username> username for authentication
-p, --password=<password> password for authentication
--authenticationDatabase=<database-name> database that holds the user's credentials
--authenticationMechanism=<mechanism> authentication mechanism to use
namespace options:
-d, --db=<database-name> database to use
-c, --collection=<collection-name> collection to use
output options:
-f, --fields=<field>[,<field>]* comma separated list of field names (required
for exporting CSV) e.g. -f "name,age"
--fieldFile=<filename> file with field names - 1 per line
--type=<type> the output format, either json or csv (defaults
to 'json')
-o, --out=<filename> output file; if not specified, stdout is used
--jsonArray output to a JSON array rather than one object
per line
--pretty output JSON formatted to be human-readable
querying options:
-q, --query=<json> query filter, as a JSON string, e.g.,
'{x:{$gt:1}}'
--queryFile=<filename> path to a file containing a query filter (JSON)
-k, --slaveOk allow secondary reads if available (default
true)
--readPreference=<string>|<json> specify either a preference name or a
preference json object
--forceTableScan force a table scan (do not use $snapshot)
--skip=<count> number of documents to skip
--limit=<count> limit the number of documents to export
--sort=<json> sort order, as a JSON string, e.g. '{x:1}'
--assertExists if specified, export fails if the collection
does not exist (false)
导出集合为 .csv 文件
mongoexport --db users --collection contacts --csv --fieldFile fields.txt --out /opt/backups/contacts.csv
导出集合为 .json 文件
mongoexport --db sales --collection contacts --out contacts.json --journal
mongoimport 参数选项
general options:
--help print usage
--version print the tool version and exit
verbosity options:
-v, --verbose=<level> more detailed log output (include multiple
times for more verbosity, e.g. -vvvvv, or
specify a numeric value, e.g. --verbose=N)
--quiet hide all log output
connection options:
-h, --host=<hostname> mongodb host to connect to (setname/host1,host2
for replica sets)
--port=<port> server port (can also use --host hostname:port)
authentication options:
-u, --username=<username> username for authentication
-p, --password=<password> password for authentication
--authenticationDatabase=<database-name> database that holds the user's credentials
--authenticationMechanism=<mechanism> authentication mechanism to use
namespace options:
-d, --db=<database-name> database to use
-c, --collection=<collection-name> collection to use
input options:
-f, --fields=<field>[,<field>]* comma separated list of field names, e.g. -f
name,age
--fieldFile=<filename> file with field names - 1 per line
--file=<filename> file to import from; if not specified, stdin is
used
--headerline use first line in input source as the field
list (CSV and TSV only)
--jsonArray treat input source as a JSON array
--type=<type> input format to import: json, csv, or tsv
(defaults to 'json')
ingest options:
--drop drop collection before inserting documents
--ignoreBlanks ignore fields with empty values in CSV and TSV
--maintainInsertionOrder insert documents in the order of their
appearance in the input source
-j, --numInsertionWorkers=<number> number of insert operations to run concurrently
(defaults to 1)
--stopOnError stop importing at first insert/upsert error
--upsert insert or update objects that already exist
--upsertFields=<field>[,<field>]* comma-separated fields for the query part of
the upsert
--writeConcern=<write-concern-specifier> write concern options e.g. --writeConcern
majority, --writeConcern '{w: 3, wtimeout: 500,
fsync: true, j: true}' (defaults to 'majority')
--bypassDocumentValidation bypass document validation
mongoimport 导入 .csv 文件
mongoimport --db users --collection contacts --type csv --file /opt/backups/contacts.csv
mongoimport 导入 .json 文件
mongoimport --collection contacts --file contacts.json --journal
服务器实例
进入找到服务器A的 mongodb 安装目录下
例如：cd /usr/local/mongodb/bin
数据导出：
./mongoexport -d DataBaseName -c CollectionName -o bak.dat
其中，DataBaseName 为数据库名称，CollectionName 为集合名称，bak.dat 为导出后的名称
导出后的bak.dat将在 mongoexport所在的目录下。
例如：
./mongoexport -d user -c guset -o guset.dat
将数据库 user 下的集合 guset 导出到 mongoexport 所在的目录下，并将其命名为 guset.dat
导入数据
移动导出的数据文件到另外一台服务器的mongo 目录下
sudo mv /tmp/bak.dat /db/mongo/bin
注：bak.dat 问原来服务器导出的数据文件。
进入 mongoDB 安装目录。
cd /db/mongo/bin
使用
./mongoimport -h 127.0.0.1:port -u xxx -p xxx-d DataBaseName -c CollectionName bak.dat
其中，DataBaseName 为数据库名称，CollectionName 为集合名称，bak.dat 为导入的集合
实例操作
./mongoimport -h 127.0.0.1:27017 -u user -p user -d guset -c guset bak.dat
操作结束。
注意 ⚠️
其中有写到
Do not use mongoimport and mongoexport for full instance, production backups because they will not reliably capture data type information. Use mongodump and mongorestore as described in “Backup Strategies for MongoDB Systems” for this kind of functionality.
即不要将 mongoimport 和 mongoexport 用于完整实例生产备份，因为它们无法可靠地捕获数据类型信息。使用 mongodump 和 mongorestore ，如“MongoDB系统的备份策略”中所述，以实现此类功能。
mongoDB mongodump 文档