添加周期性水环境
package require solvate
solvate ubq.psf ubq.pdb -t 5 -o ubq wb
-t (override with any of the following)
-o (data will be written to output.psf/output.pdb)
添加离子中和多余电荷
autoionize -psf file.psf -pdb file.pdb [options]
可以直接使用VMD中extension>modeling>add ions的autoionize完成
TK console中选择全部原子，保存psf与pdb文件
参考： Autoionize Plugin
命令模式运行ubq.pgn
> vmd -dispdev text -e ubq.pgn
測量周期最大最小边界
set everyone [atomselect top all]
measure minmax $everyone
測量周期中心点
set everyone [atomselect top all]
measure center $everyone
測量质量中心
measure center $sel weight mass
位置移动
atomselect0 moveby {1 1 6} # 把所选原子向1，1，6向量方向和距离上移动
atomselect0 moveto { 3 6 5} # 把所选内容移动到3，6，5位置
原文：VMD的TK Console中的内置命令
设置resname/chain/resid
mol load pdb fileA.pdb
set sel [atomselect top "serial <=9"]
$sel set resname CD
$sel set chain X
$sel set resid 8
set all [atomselect top all]
$all writepdb fileB.pdb
refer the VMD Graphical Representations>Selections>Keyword for more values
top文件
IC A B C D [bond(AB)] [angle(ABC)] [dihedral(ABCD)] [angle(BCD)] [bond(CD)]
IC A B *C D [bond(AC)] [angle(BCA)] [improper(ABCD)] [angle(BCD)] [bond(CD)].
The * next to the C atom indicates that it is at the center of an improper angle definition. No * indicates that the 4 atoms do not have an improper topology.
Specifying IC’s is not necessary if you already have all the atoms in your PDB file. The entries are simply there
to have a way to create missing atoms from the positions of present ones.
参考： NAMD topology-tutorial
VMD键长单位
number in the “Value” field corresponds to the length of the bond in ?ngstroms .
reference: Using VMD - An Introductory Tutorial
psfgen命令
pdbalias residue HOH TIP3 #aliasing residue HOH to TIP3
pdbalias atom TIP3 O OH2 #aliasing residue TIP3 atom O to OH2
vmd中tk命令打开文件
mol new filename.psf #打开一个文件
mol addfile filename.pdb #打开另一个文件，并叠加到第一个文件结构上
最适分子数
Presently, the maximum number of atoms one can expect to realistically compute with high level quantum chemistry is approximately 120 atoms
平衡态模拟
常见的模拟思路是，先在NVT下约束住你的溶质（剂）做限制性模拟，这是一个升温的过程，当温度达到你的设定后, 接着做NPT模拟，此过程将调整体系的压强进而使体系密度收敛。
经过一段时间的平衡模拟，在确定系统弛豫已经完全消除之后，就可以开始取数据了。如何判断体系达到平衡，简单的讲可以通过以 下几种方式，一，看能量（势能，动能和总能）是否收敛；二，看系统的压强，密度等等是否收敛；三看系统的RMSD是否达到你能接受的范围，等等。
升温/降温控制
# IF Heating
reassignFreq 2000
reassignTemp 100
reassignIncr 1
reassignHold 300
#从100K升温到300K，每2000步升高1K
# IF Cooling
reassignFreq 2000
reassignTemp 300
reassignIncr -1
reassignHold 100
固定分子
all atoms with a value of 1 (or a number different of 0) in a predetermined column will be fixed; atoms with a value of 0 in the same column will not be affected.
load pdb file into the psf file in vmd
in TKcon
set allatoms [atomselect top all]
$allatoms set beta 0
set fixedatom [atomselect top "resid 1 and name CA"]
$fixedatom set beta 1
$allatoms writepdb fileName.ref
拉动原子
to set which atom is to be pulled (SMD atom).uses the occupancy column of the pdb file to distinguish it
set allatoms [atomselect top all]
$allatoms set occupancy 0
set smdatom [atomselect top "resid 76 and name CA"]
$smdatom set occupancy 1
$allatoms writepdb fileName.ref
牵拉方向
set smdpos [lindex [$smdatom get {x y z}] 0]
set fixedpos [lindex [$fixedatom get {x y z}] 0]
vecnorm [vecsub $smdpos $fixedpos]
run a NAMD simulation
namd2 +p[procs] configfile > outfile
力场中二面角倒序正序区别
软件里的二面角有正负是得考虑4号原子在123号原子平面的哪一侧，举MS里二面角的来说，按顺序点1234共4个原子，二面角指的是123平面和234 平面的二面角，沿着23的轴看过去，1号原子在4号原子的逆时针方向（左手边），则取正值，反之取负值；绝对值仍在[0,180]。
原文摘录自： 二面角和扭转角区别
Reversing the atoms in a proper dihedral does not have any mathematical or practical consequences. Conversely, the ordering of the atoms is very important for improper dihedrals.
原文摘录自： Parameters for a Protein-RNA covalent bond
力场参数图示
![[笔记]VMD/NAMD命令/规则](http://image81.360doc.com/DownloadImg/2015/01/3109/49685599_1 "[笔记]VMD/NAMD命令/规则")
图片来源： Brève introduction à la mécanique (MM) et à la dynamique moléculaire (DM)
AUTOgenerate default options to be used when building a sturcture.AUTO ANGLes specifies that all possible angles and DIHEdral specifies that all possible dihedral angles be generated when building a structure. If these options are not included the angles and/or dihedrals must be listed explicitly in the topology file
原文转自： CHARMM c38b1 rtop.doc
namd开始NPT计算过程报错Periodic cell has become too small for original patch grid解决方法
For example, in your case I would do one input file for 100 ps with a constraintscaling of 10, langevinPistonPeriod of 1000, and a langevinPistonDecay of 500. Then I would load the restart files into a new simulation and proceed as you were above. Also, by restarting the simulation you are forcing NAMD to re-assign the patches, which will help prevent this error.
原文摘录自： Re: Periodic cell has become too small for original patch grid!
FATAL ERROR: Periodic cell has become too small for original patch grid!
问题出现在nvt计算完成后第一次进行npt的时候.通过在namd的邮件列表寻找，最后发现是周期性盒子设置的时候四舍五入数值，造成盒子在npt计算 过程中溶剂环境密度过小（盒子体积过大，而分子总数一定，最终水溶液密度过低）。解决方法，周期盒子大小不能直接四舍五入，要考虑到盒子体积与分子总数得 到溶液的密度是否恰当好处。改用该方法后，顺利计算，为提示错误。
计算namd体系密度
首先计算体系的质量，然后根据namd输出的体积，两者相除即可。过程如下：
例如：
C 11
H 1596
O 790
N 2
上面表示的是每种原子的个数
则mass=（11*12+1596*1+790*16+2*14）/NA 单位为克。
NA为阿伏伽德罗常数： 6.02214129(27)×1023
那么密度为mass/V
原文摘录自： heating过程中水盒子形状发生变化
VMD计算SASA(solvent-accessible surface area )
控制台下用命令即可得出：
set all [atomselect top "all"]
set some [atomselect top "resid 1 to 5"]
measure sasa 1.4 $all -restrict $some -points sasapoints
foreach pt $sasapoints {
draw point $pt
}
以上可以在窗口中显示出1-5号氨基酸的溶剂可及表面，以point绘出。当然如果不需要浏览仅仅计算的话，只需要：
set all [atomselect top "all"]
set some [atomselect top "resid 1 to 5"]
measure sasa 1.4 $all -restrict $some
如果想看一下准不准可以算一下除了1-5号氨基酸的是多少
set someothers [atomselect top "not(resid 1 to 5)"]
measure sasa 1.4 $all -restrict $someothers
将两个值相加，看是否是
measure sasa 1.4 $all
得到的结果。
原文摘录自： 关于溶剂可及表面积（Solvent Accessible Surface）- Biocheming
try VMD timeline Tool to calculate the change in SASA over time.
Load the molecule and trajectory and then go to:
Extensions -> Analysis -> Timeline.
SASA is one of the many parameters you can calculate in the Timeline window.
原文摘录自： How to calculate solvent accessible surface (SASA)?-Uttam Pal
package require solvate
solvate ubq.psf ubq.pdb -t 5 -o ubq wb
-t (override with any of the following)
-o (data will be written to output.psf/output.pdb)
添加离子中和多余电荷
autoionize -psf file.psf -pdb file.pdb [options]
可以直接使用VMD中extension>modeling>add ions的autoionize完成
TK console中选择全部原子，保存psf与pdb文件
参考： Autoionize Plugin
命令模式运行ubq.pgn
> vmd -dispdev text -e ubq.pgn
測量周期最大最小边界
set everyone [atomselect top all]
measure minmax $everyone
測量周期中心点
set everyone [atomselect top all]
measure center $everyone
測量质量中心
measure center $sel weight mass
位置移动
atomselect0 moveby {1 1 6} # 把所选原子向1，1，6向量方向和距离上移动
atomselect0 moveto { 3 6 5} # 把所选内容移动到3，6，5位置
原文：VMD的TK Console中的内置命令
设置resname/chain/resid
mol load pdb fileA.pdb
set sel [atomselect top "serial <=9"]
$sel set resname CD
$sel set chain X
$sel set resid 8
set all [atomselect top all]
$all writepdb fileB.pdb
refer the VMD Graphical Representations>Selections>Keyword for more values
top文件
IC A B C D [bond(AB)] [angle(ABC)] [dihedral(ABCD)] [angle(BCD)] [bond(CD)]
IC A B *C D [bond(AC)] [angle(BCA)] [improper(ABCD)] [angle(BCD)] [bond(CD)].
The * next to the C atom indicates that it is at the center of an improper angle definition. No * indicates that the 4 atoms do not have an improper topology.
Specifying IC’s is not necessary if you already have all the atoms in your PDB file. The entries are simply there
to have a way to create missing atoms from the positions of present ones.
参考： NAMD topology-tutorial
VMD键长单位
number in the “Value” field corresponds to the length of the bond in ?ngstroms .
reference: Using VMD - An Introductory Tutorial
psfgen命令
pdbalias residue HOH TIP3 #aliasing residue HOH to TIP3
pdbalias atom TIP3 O OH2 #aliasing residue TIP3 atom O to OH2
vmd中tk命令打开文件
mol new filename.psf #打开一个文件
mol addfile filename.pdb #打开另一个文件，并叠加到第一个文件结构上
最适分子数
Presently, the maximum number of atoms one can expect to realistically compute with high level quantum chemistry is approximately 120 atoms
平衡态模拟
常见的模拟思路是，先在NVT下约束住你的溶质（剂）做限制性模拟，这是一个升温的过程，当温度达到你的设定后, 接着做NPT模拟，此过程将调整体系的压强进而使体系密度收敛。
经过一段时间的平衡模拟，在确定系统弛豫已经完全消除之后，就可以开始取数据了。如何判断体系达到平衡，简单的讲可以通过以 下几种方式，一，看能量（势能，动能和总能）是否收敛；二，看系统的压强，密度等等是否收敛；三看系统的RMSD是否达到你能接受的范围，等等。
升温/降温控制
# IF Heating
reassignFreq 2000
reassignTemp 100
reassignIncr 1
reassignHold 300
#从100K升温到300K，每2000步升高1K
# IF Cooling
reassignFreq 2000
reassignTemp 300
reassignIncr -1
reassignHold 100
固定分子
all atoms with a value of 1 (or a number different of 0) in a predetermined column will be fixed; atoms with a value of 0 in the same column will not be affected.
load pdb file into the psf file in vmd
in TKcon
set allatoms [atomselect top all]
$allatoms set beta 0
set fixedatom [atomselect top "resid 1 and name CA"]
$fixedatom set beta 1
$allatoms writepdb fileName.ref
拉动原子
to set which atom is to be pulled (SMD atom).uses the occupancy column of the pdb file to distinguish it
set allatoms [atomselect top all]
$allatoms set occupancy 0
set smdatom [atomselect top "resid 76 and name CA"]
$smdatom set occupancy 1
$allatoms writepdb fileName.ref
牵拉方向
set smdpos [lindex [$smdatom get {x y z}] 0]
set fixedpos [lindex [$fixedatom get {x y z}] 0]
vecnorm [vecsub $smdpos $fixedpos]
run a NAMD simulation
namd2 +p[procs] configfile > outfile
力场中二面角倒序正序区别
软件里的二面角有正负是得考虑4号原子在123号原子平面的哪一侧，举MS里二面角的来说，按顺序点1234共4个原子，二面角指的是123平面和234 平面的二面角，沿着23的轴看过去，1号原子在4号原子的逆时针方向（左手边），则取正值，反之取负值；绝对值仍在[0,180]。
原文摘录自： 二面角和扭转角区别
Reversing the atoms in a proper dihedral does not have any mathematical or practical consequences. Conversely, the ordering of the atoms is very important for improper dihedrals.
原文摘录自： Parameters for a Protein-RNA covalent bond
力场参数图示
图片来源： Brève introduction à la mécanique (MM) et à la dynamique moléculaire (DM)
improper dihedral By convention, the first atom of an improper dihedral (type A-X-X-B or A-B-C-D) is usually the central atom. This had been a general rule in the past. 原文摘录自：CHARMM c32b2 parmfile.doc拓扑文件AUTOGENERATE ANGLES DIHEDRA L
AUTOgenerate default options to be used when building a sturcture.AUTO ANGLes specifies that all possible angles and DIHEdral specifies that all possible dihedral angles be generated when building a structure. If these options are not included the angles and/or dihedrals must be listed explicitly in the topology file
原文转自： CHARMM c38b1 rtop.doc
namd开始NPT计算过程报错Periodic cell has become too small for original patch grid解决方法
I have a different approach to fixing this problem. I believe that the underlying cause of this error is that the system is resizing too quickly (due to the system pressure being far from the specified pressure). To slow the resizing down I increase langevinPistonPeriod to 1000 and langevinPistonDecay to 500 for a short time when I start the NPT simulation, and then switch to the normal values of 100 and 50.
原文摘录自： Re: Periodic cell has become too small for original patch grid!
FATAL ERROR: Periodic cell has become too small for original patch grid!
问题出现在nvt计算完成后第一次进行npt的时候.通过在namd的邮件列表寻找，最后发现是周期性盒子设置的时候四舍五入数值，造成盒子在npt计算 过程中溶剂环境密度过小（盒子体积过大，而分子总数一定，最终水溶液密度过低）。解决方法，周期盒子大小不能直接四舍五入，要考虑到盒子体积与分子总数得 到溶液的密度是否恰当好处。改用该方法后，顺利计算，为提示错误。
计算namd体系密度
首先计算体系的质量，然后根据namd输出的体积，两者相除即可。过程如下：
例如：
C 11
H 1596
O 790
N 2
上面表示的是每种原子的个数
则mass=（11*12+1596*1+790*16+2*14）/NA 单位为克。
NA为阿伏伽德罗常数： 6.02214129(27)×1023
那么密度为mass/V
原文摘录自： heating过程中水盒子形状发生变化
VMD计算SASA(solvent-accessible surface area )
控制台下用命令即可得出：
set all [atomselect top "all"]
set some [atomselect top "resid 1 to 5"]
measure sasa 1.4 $all -restrict $some -points sasapoints
foreach pt $sasapoints {
draw point $pt
}
以上可以在窗口中显示出1-5号氨基酸的溶剂可及表面，以point绘出。当然如果不需要浏览仅仅计算的话，只需要：
set all [atomselect top "all"]
set some [atomselect top "resid 1 to 5"]
measure sasa 1.4 $all -restrict $some
如果想看一下准不准可以算一下除了1-5号氨基酸的是多少
set someothers [atomselect top "not(resid 1 to 5)"]
measure sasa 1.4 $all -restrict $someothers
将两个值相加，看是否是
measure sasa 1.4 $all
得到的结果。
原文摘录自： 关于溶剂可及表面积（Solvent Accessible Surface）- Biocheming
try VMD timeline Tool to calculate the change in SASA over time.
Load the molecule and trajectory and then go to:
Extensions -> Analysis -> Timeline.
SASA is one of the many parameters you can calculate in the Timeline window.
原文摘录自： How to calculate solvent accessible surface (SASA)?-Uttam Pal