线上的web环境准备用Nginx+Django部署, 下面简单记录下操作过程:
操作系统为Centos7.4 [root@web-node ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release CentOS Linux release 7.4.1708 (Core) 1) 安装Python3.6.1 系统默认的是python2.7, 需要升级到Python3.6.1 ( 该Django项目跑在Python3.6.1版本下) [root@web-node ~]# python -V Python 2.7.5 下载并安装Python3.6.1 [root@web-node ~]# yum install -y gcc gcc-c++ [root@web-node ~]# yum -y install epel-release [root@web-node ~]# yum install zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel readline-devel tk-devel [root@web-node ~]# cd /usr/local/src/ [root@web-node src]# wget wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.6.1/Python-3.6.1.tar.xz [root@web-node src]# tar xf Python-3.6.1.tar.xz [root@web-node src]# cd Python-3.6.1 [root@web-node Python-3.6.1]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/python3 [root@web-node Python-3.6.1]# make && make install 确认安装的Python下有pip3 [root@web-node Python-3.6.1]# ll /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 9 12月 11 21:08 /usr/local/python3/bin/python3 -> python3.6 [root@web-node Python-3.6.1]# ll /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 222 12月 11 21:08 /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3 替换python [root@web-node ~]# cd /usr/bin [root@web-node ~]# mv python python.bak [root@web-node ~]# ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python [root@web-node ~]# python -V Python 3.6.1 2) 安装nginx [root@web-node ~]# useradd www [root@web-node ~]# wget http://10.0.8.50/software/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz [root@web-node ~]# tar -zvxf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz [root@web-node ~]# cd nginx-1.12.2 [root@web-node ~]# ./configure --prefix=/data/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module [root@web-node nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --user=www --group=www --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-pcre --with-stream [root@web-node nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install 配置nginx [root@web-node ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/conf/ [root@web-node conf]# cp nginx.conf nginx.conf.bak [root@web-node conf]# cat nginx.conf user www; worker_processes 4; #error_log logs/error.log; #error_log logs/error.log notice; #error_log logs/error.log info; #pid logs/nginx.pid; events { worker_connections 65535; } http { include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; charset utf-8; ###### ## set access log format ###### log_format main '$http_x_forwarded_for $remote_addr $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_cookie" $host $request_time'; ####### ## http setting ####### sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 65; proxy_cache_path /var/www/cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=mycache:20m max_size=2048m inactive=60m; proxy_temp_path /var/www/cache/tmp; fastcgi_connect_timeout 3000; fastcgi_send_timeout 3000; fastcgi_read_timeout 3000; fastcgi_buffer_size 256k; fastcgi_buffers 8 256k; fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 256k; fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 256k; fastcgi_intercept_errors on; # client_header_timeout 600s; client_body_timeout 600s; # client_max_body_size 50m; client_max_body_size 100m; client_body_buffer_size 256k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 16k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 9; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml text/javascript application/x-httpd-php; gzip_vary on; ## includes vhosts include vhosts/*.conf; } [root@web-node conf]# mkdir /usr/local/nginx/conf/vhosts [root@web-node conf]# mkdir /var/www/cache [root@web-node conf]# ulimit 65535 [root@web-node conf]# cat vhosts/ng.conf upstream py-8001 { ip_hash; server 127.0.0.1:8001 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s; server 127.0.0.1:8002 max_fails=3 fail_timeout=15s; } server { listen 80; server_name kevin.com www.kevin.com btc.kevin.com eth.kevin.com; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-error.log; location / { proxy_pass http://py-8001; proxy_redirect off ; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header REMOTE-HOST $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_connect_timeout 300; proxy_send_timeout 300; proxy_read_timeout 600; proxy_buffer_size 256k; proxy_buffers 4 256k; proxy_busy_buffers_size 256k; proxy_temp_file_write_size 256k; proxy_next_upstream error timeout invalid_header http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 http_404; proxy_max_temp_file_size 128m; #proxy_cache mycache; #proxy_cache_valid 200 302 1h; #proxy_cache_valid 301 1d; #proxy_cache_valid any 1m; } location /static/ { alias /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/; } } 3) 安装django (项目中使用的mysql是阿里云上的rds) [root@web-node ~]# yum install MySQL-python [root@web-node ~]# pip3 install Django==1.11 [root@web-node ~]# pip3 install pymysql django项目存放路径: /data/www/APPServer 静态页存放路径: /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/ 静态页通过nginx访问展示(匹配static的路径), 动态页面通过nginx转发给python处理 [root@web-node script]# ll /data/www/APPServer/ 总用量 32 -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 12288 12月 11 17:55 db.sqlite3 drwxr-xr-x 3 www www 4096 12月 11 22:08 django_auth_example -rwxr-xr-x 1 www www 817 12月 11 17:55 manage.py drwxr-xr-x 3 www www 4096 12月 11 17:55 staticfiles drwxr-xr-x 4 www www 4096 12月 11 17:55 templates drwxr-xr-x 4 www www 4096 12月 11 18:14 users [root@web-node script]# chown -R www.www /data/www/APPServer/ 启动python程序, 由于是交互式的, 这里通过tmux工具 [root@web-node ~]# yum install tmux [root@web-node ~]# sh /data/script/py.8001_start.sh 启动脚本 [root@web-node ~]# cat /data/script/py.8001_start.sh #!/bin/bash tmux new -d -s bobo_session && tmux send -t bobo_session 'python /data/www/APPServer/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8001' ENTER tmux new -d -s bobo_session1 && tmux send -t bobo1_session 'python /data/www/APPServer/manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8002' ENTER 关闭脚本 [root@web-node ~]# cat /data/script/py.8001_stop.sh #!/bin/bash tmux kill-session -t bobo_session [root@web-node ~]# lsof -i:8001 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME python 11375 root 4u IPv4 35968 0t0 TCP *:vcom-tunnel (LISTEN) [root@web-node ~]# lsof -i:8002 COMMAND PID USER FD TYPE DEVICE SIZE/OFF NODE NAME python 11399 root 4u IPv4 36203 0t0 TCP *:teradataordbms (LISTEN) [root@web-node ~]# ps -ef|grep tmux root 11356 1 0 00:16 ? 00:00:00 tmux new -d -s bobo_session root 11430 11409 0 00:17 pts/0 00:00:00 tmux a root 11643 11335 0 00:26 pts/3 00:00:00 grep --color=auto tmux [root@web-node ~]# tmux ls bobo1_session: 1 windows (created Wed Dec 12 00:17:14 2018) [179x53] (attached) bobo_session: 1 windows (created Wed Dec 12 00:16:54 2018) [135x33] 访问http://www.kevin.com 即可
uwsgi是一种线路协议而不是通信协议,在此常用于在uwsgi服务器与其他网络服务器的数据通信。uwsgi协议是一个uwsgi服务器自有的协议,它用于定义传输信息的类型。uwsgi实现了WSGI的所有接口,是一个快速、自我修复、开发人员和系统管理员友好的服务器。uwsgi代码完全用C编写,效率高、性能稳定。
uwsgi作用
Django 是一个 Web 框架,框架的作用在于处理 request 和 reponse,其他的不是框架所关心的内容。所以怎么部署 Django 不是 Django 所需要关心的。Django 所提供的是一个开发服务器,这个开发服务器,没有经过安全测试,而且使用的是 Python 自带的 simple HTTPServer 创建的,在安全性和效率上都是不行的而uwsgi 是一个全功能的 HTTP 服务器,他要做的就是把 HTTP 协议转化成语言支持的网络协议。比如把 HTTP 协议转化成 WSGI 协议,让 Python 可以直接使用。
uwsgi 是一种 uwsgi 的内部协议,使用二进制方式和其他应用程序进行通信。
如果使用uwsgi, 则操作如下:
安装uwsgi [root@web-node ~]# pip3 install uwsgi 编写测试: [root@web-node ~]# cat /root/test.py def application(env, start_response): start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type','text/html')]) return [b"Hello World"] 启动测试: [root@web-node ~]# uwsgi --http :9009 --wsgi-file test.py 访问http://localhost:9009 , 即可看到Hello World nginx+uwsgi配置 [root@web-node ~]# ll /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi* -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 395 12月 11 21:36 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 12月 11 17:06 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 664 12月 11 17:06 /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi_params.default [root@web-node ~]# cat vhosts/ng.conf server { listen 80; server_name www.kevin.com btc.kevin.com eth.kevin.com; access_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-access.log main; error_log /usr/local/nginx/logs/8001-error.log; location / { uwsgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8000; include uwsgi_params; access_log off; } location /static/ { alias /data/www/APPServer/staticfiles/; } } [root@web-node ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini [uwsgi] socket = 127.0.0.1:8000 master = true vhost = true no-site = true pidfile = /usr/local/nginx/logs/uwsgi.pid processes = 4 chdir = /data/www/APPServer wsgi-file = django_auth_example/wsgi.py profiler = true memory-report = true enable-threads = true logdata = true limit-as = 6048 daemonize = /usr/local/nginx/logs/django.log pythonpath = /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages [root@web-node ~]# ll /data/www/APPServer/ 总用量 32 -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 12288 12月 11 17:55 db.sqlite3 drwxr-xr-x 3 www www 4096 12月 11 22:08 django_auth_example -rwxr-xr-x 1 www www 817 12月 11 17:55 manage.py drwxr-xr-x 3 www www 4096 12月 11 17:55 staticfiles drwxr-xr-x 4 www www 4096 12月 11 17:55 templates drwxr-xr-x 4 www www 4096 12月 11 18:14 users [root@web-node ~]# ll /data/www/APPServer/django_auth_example/ 总用量 32 -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 43 12月 11 17:55 __init__.py -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 184 12月 11 18:03 __init__.pyc drwxr-xr-x 2 www www 4096 12月 11 21:12 __pycache__ -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 3802 12月 11 17:55 settings.py -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 3241 12月 11 18:11 settings.pyc -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 1282 12月 11 18:14 urls.py -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 1256 12月 11 18:14 urls.pyc -rw-r--r-- 1 www www 416 12月 11 17:55 wsgi.py 启动uwsgi [root@web-node ~]# uwsgi --ini /usr/local/nginx/conf/uwsgi.ini [root@web-node ~]# /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx 最后访问http://www.kevin.com 即可