Enum枚举类的学习笔记

小案例:

       你写了一个小程序,不过好久不用了,突然有一天,你想使用一下它。程序要想正确运行,需要将今天星期几存到数据库里。这个时候,你开始犯难了。

当初的你还很年轻,不懂程序界的险恶,设计这个程序的时候,傻不拉几把这个字段设计为int类型的,用0代表周日,1代表周一。。。6代表周六,添加的时候就setWeekday(0)。但是这么长时间没用了,你忘记自己是从周一开始计算还是周日开始计算了,换句话说,你想不起来0代表的是周一还是周日了!

于是你各种翻代码,看数据库的字段,数据库保存的信息,终于搞懂了,你很开心,用了一次之后,觉得这个程序没意思,又不用了。

很久之后,你心血来潮,又想用一次它,很不幸,你又忘记到底0代表周一还是周日了,一番查找之后。你决定重构代码,因为你受不了了!!

   

  • 静态变量来帮忙

      经过一番思考,你决定使用七个静态变量来代表星期几,以后只要引用和静态变量就可以了,而不用自己输入012….你这么写:

 1 public class Weekday {
 2     public final static int SUN = 0;
 3     public final static int MON = 1;
 4     public final static int TUE = 2;
 5     public final static int WED = 3;
 6     public final static int THU = 4;
 7     public final static int FRI = 5;
 8     public final static int SAT = 6;
 9 
10 }

   机智如你,这个时候,只要 Weekday.SUN 就可以了,不用操心到底应该填写0还是填写1。

 但是这个时候的你,也不是当初初出茅庐的小伙子了,很明显,这样写已经不能满足你了。你还想让这个类做更多的事,

   比如,你想知道下一天是星期几,还想把今天是星期几打印出来。一番深思熟虑后,你改成了这样:

 1 public class Weekday {
 2 
 3     private Weekday(){}
 4 
 5     public final static Weekday SUN = new Weekday();
 6     public final static Weekday MON = new Weekday();
 7     public final static Weekday TUE = new Weekday();
 8     public final static Weekday WED = new Weekday();
 9     public final static Weekday THU = new Weekday();
10     public final static Weekday FRI = new Weekday();
11     public final static Weekday SAT = new Weekday();
12 
13     public static Weekday  getNextDay(Weekday nowDay){
14         if(nowDay == SUN) {
15             return MON;
16         }else if(nowDay == MON) {
17             return TUE;
18         }else if(nowDay == TUE) {
19             return WED;
20         }else if(nowDay == WED) {
21             return THU;
22         }else if(nowDay == THU) {
23             return FRI;
24         }else if(nowDay == FRI) {
25             return SAT;
26         }else {
27             return SUN;
28         }
29     }
30 
31     public static void printNowDay(Weekday nowDay){
32         if(nowDay == SUN)
33             System.out.println("sunday");
34         else if(nowDay == MON)
35             System.out.println("monday");
36         else if(nowDay == TUE)
37             System.out.println("tuesday");
38         else if(nowDay == WED)
39             System.out.println("wednesday");
40         else if(nowDay == THU)
41             System.out.println("thursday");
42         else if(nowDay == FRI)
43             System.out.println("friday");
44         else
45             System.out.println("saturday");
46     }
47 
48 }
49 
50 class Test{
51     public static void main(String[] args) {
52         Weekday nowday = Weekday.SUN;
53         Weekday.printNowDay(nowday);
54         Weekday nextDay = Weekday.getNextDay(nowday);
55         System.out.print("nextday ====> ");
56         Weekday.printNowDay(nextDay);
57     }
58 }
59 //测试结果:
60 //sunday
61 //nextday ====> monday

哟,不错。考虑的很详细。并且私有构造方法后,外界就不能创建该类的对象了,这样就避免了星期八星期九的出现,所有Weekday的对象都在该类内部创建。

不对,好像缺了点什么,我要的是int!我的int呢?!。所以,你还需要一个这样的方法:

 1 public static int toInt(Weekday nowDay){
 2         if(nowDay == SUN)
 3             return 0;
 4         else if(nowDay == MON)
 5             return 1;
 6         else if(nowDay == TUE)
 7             return 2;
 8         else if(nowDay == WED)
 9             return 3;
10         else if(nowDay == THU)
11             return 4;
12         else if(nowDay == FRI)
13             return 5;
14         else
15            return 6;
16     }
  • 简单的枚举类
1 public enum Weekday {
2     SUN,MON,TUS,WED,THU,FRI,SAT
3 }

   代码这么少?

   没错,这就是枚举类,我们来看看怎么使用它:

1 class Test2{
2     public static void main(String[] args) {
3         Weekday sun = Weekday.SUN;
4         System.out.println(sun); // 输出 SUN
5     }
6 }

看起来和上面的静态变量使用方式差不多,而且默认的toString方法返回的就是对应的名字。

我们上面的那段代码重写toString也是不可以打印出当前是星期几的,因为toString方法没有参数。所以我们自己写了一个printNowDay方法。

当然,这么简单的枚举类是不可能实现我们的要求的,所以,我们还要接着写:

 1 public enum Weekday {
 2     SUN(0),MON(1),TUS(2),WED(3),THU(4),FRI(5),SAT(6);
 3 
 4     private int value;
 5 
 6     private Weekday(int value){
 7         this.value = value;
 8     }
 9 
10     public static Weekday getNextDay(Weekday nowDay){
11         int nextDayValue = nowDay.value;
12 
13         if (++nextDayValue == 7){
14             nextDayValue =0;
15         }
16 
17         return getWeekdayByValue(nextDayValue);
18     }
19 
20     public static Weekday getWeekdayByValue(int value) {
21         for (Weekday c : Weekday.values()) {
22             if (c.value == value) {
23                 return c;
24             }
25         }
26         return null;
27     }
28 }
29 
30 class Test2{
31     public static void main(String[] args) {
32         System.out.println("nowday ====> " + Weekday.SAT);
33         System.out.println("nowday int ====> " + Weekday.SAT.ordinal());
34         System.out.println("nextday ====> " + Weekday.getNextDay(Weekday.SAT)); // 输出 SUN
35 
36         //输出:
37         //nowday ====> SAT
38         //nowday int ====> 6
39         //nextday ====> SUN
40     }
41 }

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/lhy-549/p/10089129.html
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