django rest framework 解析器组件 接口设计,视图组件 (1)

一.解析器组件

-解析器组件是用来解析用户请求数据的（application/json), content-type 将客户端发来的json数据进行解析

-必须适应APIView

-request.data触发

二.序列化组件

2.1.django 自带组件serializer

2.1.1 from django.serializers import serialize
2.1.2 origin_data = Book.objects.all()
2.1.3 serialized_data = serialize("json", origin_data)

2.2 DRF的序列化组件
-get接口设计 本质上是基于解释器进行json数据解析的组件 接口就是url 存储的唯一资源


使用:

2.2.1 from rest_framework import serializers
2.2.2 创建一个序列化类
     class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):

         publish_name = serializers.CharField(read_only=True, source="publish.name")
         authors_list = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
         
         def get_authors_list(self, book_obj):
            pass
2.2.3 开始序列化
      origin_data = Book.objects.all()
      serialized_data = BookSerializer(origin_data, many=True)

      return Response(serialized_data.data)

- post接口设计
   总结：
      1. serializers.Serializer无法插入数据，只能自己实现create
      2. 字段太多，不能自动序列化
- get单条数据接口设计
   1. 定义url
   2. 获取数据对象
   3. 开始序列化：serialized_data = BookSerializer(book_obj, many=False)
   4. 返回数据：serialized_data.data
- delete
- put
   1. 定义url
   2. 获取数据对象
      2.1 book_obj = Book.objects.get(pk=1)
   3. 开始序列化（验证数据，save()）
      2.2 verified_data = BookSerializer(instance=book_obj, many=False)
   4. 验证成功写入数据库，验证失败返回错误
      4.1 verified_data.is_valid()

1     #re_path(r'books/$', views.BookView.as_view()),
2     #re_path(r'books/(?P<pk>\d+)/$', views.BookFilterView.as_view()),

urls

 1 '''
 2 class BookSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
 3     # 这里字段一定要与models的一致
 4     title = serializers.CharField(max_length=32)
 5     price = serializers.DecimalField(max_digits=5, decimal_places=2)
 6     #  一对多 具体告诉返回什么而不是对象,这里返回的是一个出版社的城市
 7     publish = serializers.CharField(max_length=32, source='publish.city')
 8     # 多对多 需要手动查找
 9     authors_list = serializers.SerializerMethodField()
10     # get_ +  authors_list
11     def get_authors_list(self, book_obj):
12         author_list = list()
13         # book_obj 是每一个书籍对象,通过和关联字段找到所有名字
14 
15         for author in book_obj.authors.all():
16             author_list.append(author.name)
17         #    最后通过get_ 返回
18         return author_list
19     #     自定义post 
20     def create(self, book_obj):
21         book_obj["publish_id"] = book_obj.pop("publish")
22         book = Book.objects.create(**book_obj)
23         return book
24 # 这样发现这个在字段多的表是
25 '''

使用详情

 1 #
 2 # class BookView(APIView):
 3 #     def get(self,request):
 4 #         course_data=Book.objects.all()
 5 #         book_data =BookSerializer(course_data,many=True)
 6 #
 7 #         return Response(book_data.data)
 8 #     # 笨方法
 9 #     def post(self,request):
10 #         verified_data = BookSerializer(data=request.data)
11 #         print("verified_data",verified_data)
12 #         if verified_data.is_valid():
13 #             book =verified_data.save()
14 #             print("request.data",request.data)
15 #             authors = Author.objects.filter(nid__in=request.data['author_list'])
16 #             print("authors",authors)
17 #             book.authors.add(*authors)
18 #             return Response(verified_data.data)
19 # class BookFilterView(APIView):
20 #     def get(self,request,nid):
21 #         book_obj = Book.objects.get(pk=nid)
22 #         serialized_data=BookSerializer(book_obj,many=False)
23 #         return Response(serialized_data.data)
24 #
25 #     def put(self,request,nid):
26 #         book_obj = Book.objects.get(pk=nid)
27 #         verified_data = BookSerializer(data=request.data,instance=book_obj)
28 #         if verified_data.is_valid():
29 #             verified_data.save()
30 #             return Response(verified_data.data)
31 #         else:
32 #             return Response(verified_data.errors)
33 #
34 #     def delete(self,request,nid):
35 #         book_obj = Book.objects.get(pk=nid).delete()
36 #         return Response()

创建对象详情

但是发现,使用这种会十分累,于是进行优化

视图组件进行接口优化