Servlet经典小功能-利用Session实现一次性验证码

为了保证用户信息的安全，都会在网站登录的界面里添加一次性验证码，从而限制有人会用软件脚本暴力猜测密码。一次性验证码的功能可以使用Session来实现。

为了避免用户输入的验证码太长，本节要实现的验证码是4个随机字符。同时，将验证码以图片的形式展示给用户，从而增加工具程序识别验证码的难度，登录界面验证码效果如图所示：

<form name="reg" action="/chapter06/LoginServlet"method="post">
	用户名：<input name="username" type="text" /><br/>
	密码    ：<input name="password" type="password" /><br/>
	验证码：<input type="text" name="check_code">
			<img src="/chapter06/CheckServlet"><br>
		  <input type="submit" value="提交" id="bt"/>
</form>

CheckServlet类用于产生验证码图片，代码如下：

package cn.itcast.chapter06.session.example02;

import java.awt.Color;
import java.awt.Font;
import java.awt.Graphics;
import java.awt.image.BufferedImage;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;

import javax.imageio.ImageIO;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletOutputStream;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;


@WebServlet("/CheckServlet")
public class CheckServlet extends HttpServlet {
	
	private static int WIDTH = 60;     //验证码图片宽度
	private static int HEIGHT = 20;    //验证码图片高度
	
	
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		HttpSession session = request.getSession();
		response.setContentType("image/jpeg");
		ServletOutputStream sos = response.getOutputStream();
		//设置浏览器不要缓存此图片
		response.setHeader("Pragam", "No-cache");
		response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
		response.setDateHeader("Expires", 0);
		//创建内存图像并获得其图像上下文
		BufferedImage image =
				new BufferedImage(WIDTH,HEIGHT,BufferedImage.TYPE_INT_RGB);
		Graphics g = image.getGraphics();
		//产生随机的认证码
		char[] rands = generateCheckCode();
		//产生图像
		drawBackground(g);
		drawRands(g,rands);
		//结束验证码图像的绘制过程，完成图像
		g.dispose();
		//将图像输出到客户端
		ByteArrayOutputStream bos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		ImageIO.write(image, "JPEG", bos);
		byte[] buf = bos.toByteArray();
		response.setContentLength(buf.length);
		sos.write(buf);
		bos.close();
		sos.close();
		//将当前验证码存入到Session中
		session.setAttribute("check_code", new String(rands));
		//直接使用下面的代码将有问题，Session对象必须在提交相应前获得
		request.getSession().setAttribute("check_code",new String(rands));
	}
	
	//生成一个4字符的验证码
	private char[] generateCheckCode() {
		//定义验证码的字符表
		String chars = "0123456789abcdefghjklmnopqrstuvwxyz";
		char[] rands = new char[4];
		for(int i=0; i<4; i++)
		{
			int rand = (int)(Math.random() * 36);
			rands[i] = chars.charAt(rand);
		}
		return rands;
	}

	private void drawRands(Graphics g,char[] rands) {
		g.setColor(Color.BLACK);
		g.setFont(new Font(null,Font.ITALIC|Font.BOLD,18));
		//在不同的高度上输出验证码的每个字符
		g.drawString("" + rands[0], 1, 17);
		g.drawString("" + rands[1], 16, 15);
		g.drawString("" + rands[2], 31, 18);
		g.drawString("" + rands[3], 46, 16);
		System.out.println(rands);
	}
	
	private void drawBackground(Graphics g) {
		
		//画背景
		g.setColor(new Color(0xDCDCDC));
		g.fillRect(0, 0, WIDTH, HEIGHT);
		//随机产生120个干扰点
		for(int i=0; i<120; i++)
		{
			int x = (int)(Math.random() * WIDTH);
			int y = (int)(Math.random() * HEIGHT);
			int red = (int)(Math.random() * 225);
			int green = (int)(Math.random() * 225);
			int blue = (int)(Math.random() * 225);
			g.setColor(new Color(red,green,blue));
			g.drawOval(x, y, 1, 0);
		}
	}

}

Servlet经典小功能-利用Session实现一次性验证码

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