Python操作Mysql数据库

(1)python DB API包含的内容:
               
(2)使用python DB API访问数据库的流程:
 
                  
(3)python DB API的主要方法:
  • connect连接类:   
    • conn = pymsql.connect(host="localhost", port=3306, user="root", passwd="root", db="goods", charset="utf8"):创建一个mysql连接。
    • cursor = conn.cursor():创建游标,用于python和mysql之间通信,即执行sql语句。
    • conn.rollback(): 回滚,使得cursor指代的sql语句执行失败后,数据库保持执行前的状态不变。
    • conn.commit():确认,使得sql语句执行后,数据库产生相应变化。
    • conn.close():关闭连接。
  • cursor游标类:   
    • cursor.execute(sql):实参为sql语句的字符串,用于在MySQL中执行sql语句。
    • cursor.fetchone():返回查询结果的下一行,形式为元组,即:((1 line),(2 line),(3 line) )。
    • cursor.fetchsize(size):返回查询结果的下size行,形式为元组。
    • cursor.fetchall():返回查询结果的剩余行,形式为元组。
    • cursor.rowcount:最近一次execute中影响数据库的行数。
    • cursor.close():关闭游标。
(4)python3.6操作数据库---简单增删改查:
import pymysql
if __name__ == '__main__':
#创建MYSQL连接
conn = pymysql.Connect(host = '127.0.0.1',port = 3306,user = 'root',passwd = 'root',db = 'databasetest',charset = 'utf8')
#创建游标:用于 Python 和 Mysql 之间的通信,即:用于执行 SQL 语句。
cursor = conn.cursor()
try:
    #增加数据库
    sql = "INSERT INTO userdata VALUES (1,'lbg'),(2,'zgj'),(3,'ldt')"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    #删除数据库
    sql2 = "DELETE FROM userdata WHERE id=3"
    cursor.execute(sql2)
    #更新数据库
    sql3 = "UPDATE userdata SET username='wjz' WHERE id=2"
    cursor.execute(sql3)
    #查询数据库
    sql4 = "SELECT * FROM userdata"
    num = cursor.execute(sql4)
    print("the number of the userdata: %d" % num)
    #fetchall返回一个元组,其中包含所有查询的结果。
    for row in cursor.fetchall(): 
        print(" ID: "+str(row[0])+" name: "+row[1])
except Exception as reason:
    #SQL事物回滚:将事务中对数据库的所有已经完成的操作全部撤销,回滚到事务开始时的状态
    conn.rollback()
    print('事务处理失败', reason)
else:
    #SQL事物确认:只有事物确认之后,数据库操作才会生效
    conn.commit()
    print('事务处理成功',cursor.rowcount)
finally:
    #关闭连接和游标
    cursor.close()
    conn.close()
(5)python3.6操作数据库---银行转账:
import pymysql
import sys

class TransferMoney:
    def __init__(self,conn):
        self.conn = conn
    def transfer(self,id_out,id_in,money):
        try:
            self.HasIdAccount(id_out)
            self.HasIdAccount(id_in)
            self.OutIdHasEnoughMoney(id_out,money)
            self.SubMoney(id_out,money)
            self.AddMoney(id_in,money)
            conn.commit()
        except Exception as e:
            self.conn.rollback()
            raise e
    def HasIdAccount(self,userid):
        cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        try:
            sql = "select * from goods_change where id = %s" % userid
            cursor.execute(sql)
            res = cursor.fetchall()
            if len(res) != 1:
                raise Exception("id %s is not exist" % userid)
                print("Has id " + str(userid))
        finally:
            cursor.close()
    def OutIdHasEnoughMoney(self,userid,change_money):
        cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        try:
            sql = "select money from goods_change where id = %s" % userid
            cursor.execute(sql)
            if int(cursor.fetchone()[0]) < int(change_money):
                raise Exception("id %s has not enough money" % userid)
                print("id " + str(userid) + " has enough money")
        finally:
            cursor.close()
    def SubMoney(self,userid,change_money):
        cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        try:
            sql = "update goods_change set money=money-%s where id=%s" % (change_money,userid)
            cursor.execute(sql)
            if cursor.rowcount != 1:
                raise Exception("id %s is not exist" % userid)
                print("id " + str(userid) + " sub " + str(change_money) + " RMB")
        finally:
            cursor.close()
    def AddMoney(self,userid,change_money):
        cursor = self.conn.cursor()
        try:
            sql = "update goods_change set money=money+%s where id=%s" % (change_money,userid)
            cursor.execute(sql)
            if cursor.rowcount != 1:
                raise Exception("id %s is not exist" % userid)
                print("id " + str(userid) + " add " + str(change_money) + " RMB")
        finally:
            cursor.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
    conn = pymysql.Connect(host='127.0.0.1',port=3306,user='root',passwd='root',db='goods',charset='utf8')
    id_out = sys.argv[1]
    id_in = sys.argv[2]
    money = sys.argv[3]
    trans = TransferMoney(conn)
    try:
        trans.transfer(id_out,id_in,money)
    except Exception as reason:
        print('事务处理失败:', reason)
    finally:
        conn.close()

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/ladawn/p/8909082.html