python爬取全国五级行政区

以前爬过国家统计局的四级行政区（http://www.stats.gov.cn/tjsj/tjbz/tjyqhdmhcxhfdm/2017/），但是对于五级数据效果不是很好，偶然间发现这个网站：http://www.yigecun.com/ 里面的行政区数据比较齐全，所以下面尝试用python爬取所有的五级行政区，爬完之后格式如下:：

1、准备

python的安装我就不讲了，我用的是python3.7.0

IDE是PyCharm，大家可以去官网下载：https://www.jetbrains.com/pycharm/download/#section=windows

说到python爬虫就会有一个工具--BeautifulSoup

安装BeautifulSoup

$ pip install beautifulsoup4

2、开始

先说一下抓取思路

1.urllib.request请求url获取到html页面。

2.通过BeautifulSoup转换成bs格式。

3.根据BeautifulSoup的语法规则拿到需要的数据。

4.将数据存入文档。

话不多说，直接上代码：

import urllib.request
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import time
import os
import sys

# 请求url,返回html
def url_open(url):

    req = urllib.request.Request(url)
    req.add_header('User-Agent','Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/69.0.3497.100 Safari/537.36')
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
    html = response.read()
    return html


# 因为一个村的格式比较特殊，这里采用递归去拿数据
def getChild(domain,child,areaName,parentName):
    # 休眠0.5s
    time.sleep(0.5)
    # 根据class规则找数据，当下一个class找不到数据则表示处理完成，捕获异常直接return
    try:
        childClass = child['class']
    except BaseException:
        return

    # 根据样式判断是市还是区
    if 'cunnavtaga' == childClass[0]:
        if areaName != parentName:
            cityName = parentName + "-" + child.contents[0]
        else:
            cityName = areaName + "-" + child.contents[0]
        print(cityName)
        # 写入文件
        try:
            with open(writePath, 'a') as f:
                f.writelines(cityName + '\r\n')
        except Exception:
            print("插入失败", cityName)

        # 递归找下一个class，child.next_sibling是找下一个标签
        getChild(domain,child.next_sibling,cityName,parentName)
    elif 'cunnavtagb' == childClass[0]:
        districtName = areaName+"-"+child.contents[0].contents[0]
        # print(districtName)
        # 写入文件
        try:
            with open(writePath, 'a') as f:
                f.writelines(districtName + '\r\n')
        except Exception:
            print("插入失败", districtName)

        # 拿到a标签的url，获取区县的html内容。child.find("a")表示拿a标签,get('href')表示拿url
        try:
            districtHtml = url_open(domain + child.find("a").get('href'))
        except Exception:
            print("出异常啦，努力重试中")
            # 速度过快可能会被封掉，休息5S再重试
            time.sleep(5)
            districtHtml = url_open(domain + child.find("a").get('href'))
        # districtHtml = url_open(domain + child.find("a").get('href'))
        districtSoup = BeautifulSoup(districtHtml)

        districtChild = districtSoup.find("div", class_="cunnavtaga")
        getDistrictChild(domain, districtChild, districtName,districtName)

        getChild(domain, child.next_sibling, areaName,parentName)


def getDistrictChild(domain,districtChild,areaName,parentName):

    childClass = districtChild['class']
    # print(childClass)
    if 'cunnavtaga' == childClass[0]:
        districtName = areaName + "-" + districtChild.contents[0]
        # print(districtName)
        try:
            with open(writePath, 'a') as f:
                f.writelines(districtName + '\r\n')
        except Exception:
            print("插入失败",districtName)


        getDistrictChild(domain, districtChild.next_sibling, districtName,parentName)
    elif 'cunnavtagb' == childClass[0]:

        townName = areaName + "-" + districtChild.contents[0].contents[0]
        # print(townName)
        try:
            with open(writePath, 'a') as f:
                f.writelines(townName + '\r\n')
        except Exception:
            print("插入失败",townName)

        try:
            nextClass = districtChild.next_sibling['class']
        except BaseException:
            return

        if 'cunnavtaga' == nextClass[0]:
            getDistrictChild(domain,districtChild.next_sibling,parentName,parentName)
        elif 'cunnavtagb' == nextClass[0]:
            getDistrictChild(domain, districtChild.next_sibling,areaName,parentName)
        else:
            return
        # print(child.contents[0].a.get('href'))

def hand_logic(html,domain):
    print("---------开始抓取数据------------")
    # 根据html转换成bs格式
    provinceSoup = BeautifulSoup(html)

    # 这里是拿到所有的省再遍历，select(".cunpaddingl4")表示拿到所有class=cunpaddingl4的标签
    for provinceLink in provinceSoup.select(".cunpaddingl4"):
        # 获取省名字
        provinceName = provinceLink.contents[0]
        print(provinceName)
        # 存入文档
        try:
            with open(writePath, 'a') as f:
                f.writelines(provinceName + '\r\n')
        except Exception:
            print("插入失败",provinceName)

        #print(link.get('href'))
        # 拿到a标签的url，获取html内容。child.find("a")表示拿a标签,get('href')表示拿url
        try:
            cityHtml = url_open(domain+provinceLink.get('href'))
        except Exception:
            print("出异常啦，努力重试中")
            # 速度过快可能会被封掉，休息5S再重试
            time.sleep(5)
            cityHtml = url_open(domain + provinceLink.get('href'))

        citySoup = BeautifulSoup(cityHtml)

        # 拿到div标签中,class="cunnavtaga"样式的数据
        child = citySoup.find("div", class_="cunnavtaga")

        getChild(domain,child,provinceName,provinceName)
    print("----------数据抓取完成--------")

if __name__ == '__main__':
        # python的递归深度默认最大999，这里设置为1000000
        sys.setrecursionlimit(1000000)

        # 需要先在本地目录下面创建txt文件
        writePath = 'D:\SVNspace\python\全国五级数据.txt'
        os.remove(writePath)
        url = "http://www.yigecun.com"
        html = url_open(url)
        hand_logic(html, url)
        # print(html)

方法有很多种，我选择的是通过BeautifulSoup去拿数据，可以节省时间成本，大家在爬的时候有什么问题可以对照BS官方文档，里面的内容讲的蛮好的。