The simple comprehension of Chinese Missile System
Summary
In the history of China, there has been such a discussion: whether it is to develop missiles in priority for national defense, or to give priority to the development of aircraft. Qian Xuesen finally chose to develop missiles first. The development of aircraft is very demanding on materials. China’s industrial base is weak, and it is difficult to achieve rapid development in a short period of time. The missile is a one-time vehicle, which has relatively low material performance requirements and is relatively difficult to develop. Based on this, it was decided to vigorously develop the missile. In the face of US imperialism’s step by step and strong air force, China can still maintain its unyielding ambition. The reason is that China has a strong missile strength and a solid foundation for developing missiles for decades. This article briefly describes the history of China’s missile development from the missile types and China’s “Dongfeng” missile system.
Text
First let’s talk about the classification of missiles. There are usually two types of guidance for missile guidance. One is the difference in signal transmission media, such as cable guidance, radar guidance, infrared guidance, laser guidance, and television guidance. Another classification is the difference in the guidance of missiles, such as inertial guidance, wave guidance, active radar guidance, and command-to-line guidance. According to the role classification of missiles, they can be simply divided into strategic missiles and tactical missiles. The classification principle of a missile consists of two parts: the characteristics of the launched vehicle and the target nature of the attack. The characteristics of the launched vehicle include: air, ground, submarine and so on. The target nature of the attack includes: air, ground, and dive. Combining these two principles, although launching vehicles is a principle of missile classification, the same missile can often be launched from different vehicles with simple modifications, so many missiles tend to repeat in different categories. appear. For example, the Harpoon anti-ship missile can be launched from submarines, surface ships and aircraft, so she will appear in submarine-launched anti-ship missiles, ship-launched anti-ship missiles and air-launched anti-ship missiles. It is the most common classification system for all types of missiles.
According to the flight method, it can be divided into: ballistic missiles and cruise missiles;
According to combat missions, they can be divided into: strategic missiles, operational missiles and tactical missiles;
According to the range, it can be divided into: intercontinental missiles, long-range missiles, medium-range missiles and short-range missiles.
Second, the role of missiles. The role of the missile is mainly twofold: to serve as a real combat mission and to form a deterrent against the opponent.
The development of China’s missiles is roughly divided into stages. This article takes the “Dongfeng” missile system as an example.
Dongfeng-1 ballistic missile, short-range ground-to-ground missile, China’s short-range ground-based strategic missile based on the Soviet P-2 missile. The imitation was started in April 1958, and the test was successful on November 5, 1960. The missile has not been deployed in actual combat. However, China has established a missile research system through the imitation of the P-2 missile and trained a group of missile experts.
Dongfeng-2 ballistic missile, (DF-2/NATO code: CSS-1) is a single-stage, liquid propellant, road maneuver, medium and short-range ballistic missile, researched by the Chinese Ministry of National Defense (now China’s launch vehicle technology) Institute, CALT) design and development, is the first generation of medium-range ground-to-ground ballistic missile developed by China. It is an enhanced version of Dongfeng-1. It is based on Dongfeng-1 and has a longer range of ballistic missiles. The propulsion method is the same and the range is increased to 1,300 kilometers, can carry a 20,000-ton equivalent nuclear warhead. The successful development of Dongfeng-2 and Dongfeng-2A marks the first time that the People’s Republic of China has a nuclear ballistic missile with practical capabilities and a long-range strike capability by a local attacking enemy.
Dongfeng-3 ballistic missile, medium-range ground-to-ground strategic missile. The Dongfeng-3A is described as the backbone of the Chinese missile force, but it is gradually being replaced by Dongfeng-21, which uses solid fuel.
The Dongfeng-4 ballistic missile, the medium and long-range ballistic missile, is the first generation of long-range ground-to-ground missile developed by China.
The Dongfeng-5 ballistic missile (code: DF-5) is the first intercontinental strategic missile to the ground developed by China. The flight test was successful on May 18, 1980. Dongfeng-5 is China’s main strategic weapon to deter the United States. It is the first ballistic missile with intercontinental range. It has been the backbone of nuclear strike force since its service.
The Dongfeng-6 missile, a non-traditional intercontinental missile, is a FOBS missile system, also known as an orbital bomber, which can carry a warhead of up to 3,200 kilograms. The “Dongfeng 6” theoretical range can orbit the earth, so it is called the global rocket. Because the technical difficulty of “Dongfeng No.6” is too great, the three-stage rocket has different engines for each stage, especially the second-stage plug-type engine, and the United States is still under development. Finally, after three years of scientific research, “Dongfeng No. 6” had to be dismantled, and part of the funds and technology were transferred to other types of missiles and rockets.
The Dongfeng-10A cruise missile, also known as the Changjian-10 cruise missile, is a long-range cruise missile with long range and superior performance. It relies on advanced sensors to find, identify and locate targets, and sends positioning information to the command through the communication system. Ability to combat valuable ground targets.
China’s missile development, from short-range to medium-range to long-range, the amount of bombs from less to more, at the same time presented a systematic, distinctive development.
Conclusion
This is the state of missile development in China since the founding of the country until the end of the 20th century. Our country has steadily passed the 50 years of the vision of the older generation of scientists, laying a good foundation for China’s future economic and political development, and at the same time indicating the development direction of national defense science and technology in the early 21st century.