201771010101 白玛次仁 《2018面向对象程序设计(Java)》第十三周学习总结

实验十三  图形界面事件处理技术

实验时间 2018-11-22

学习总结:

 Compoment类提供的功能:
–基本的绘画支持。
–外形控制。
–大小和位置控制。
–图像处理。
–组件状态控制

每个容器:
– add() 方法向容器添加某个组件,
–  remove()方法从容器中删除某个组件。

容器通过方法  setLayout () 设置某种布局。

Swing比AWT 组件具有更强的实用性和美观性。

 Swing组件必须添加到一个与  Swing 顶层容器相 关联的内容面板( contentpane)上。

事件对象  (event  object):Java 将事件的相关信息 将事件的相关信息 封装在一个事件对象中 ,所有的事件对象都最终派生于 java.util.EventObject 类。不 同的事件源可以产生不 同的类别的事件。

事件源来通知事件发生,然后监听器对象注册事件源。

注册监听器方法eventSourceObject.addEvenListtener(evenListenerObject)

能够触发动作 事件的,主要包括:
(1)点击按钮
(2)双击一个列表中的选项;
(3)选择菜单项;
(4)在文本框中输入回车 。

监听器类必须实现与事件源相对应的接口 ,即必 须提供接口中方法 的实现 。

当程序用户试图关闭一个框架窗口时,  Jframe 对象就是 WindowEvent 的事件源。

窗口监听器必须是实现 WindowListener类的一个对象  ,WindowListener接口中有七个方法.

Swing 包提供了非常实用的机制来封装命令 ,并将它 们连接到多个事件源 ,这就是 Action 接口 。

图形编辑器应用程序 ,其允许用户在画布上放置、移动和擦除方块
1. 当鼠标点击在所有小方块的像素之外时,会绘制一个新的小方块;
2. 当双击一个小方块内部时,会擦除该;
3. 当鼠标在窗体上移动时,如果经过一个小方块的内部,光标会变成一个十字形;
4. 实现用鼠标拖动小方块。

监听鼠标移动事件,实现 MouseMotionListener 接口。

1、实验目的与要求

(1) 掌握事件处理的基本原理,理解其用途;

(2) 掌握AWT事件模型的工作机制;

(3) 掌握事件处理的基本编程模型;

(4) 了解GUI界面组件观感设置方法;

(5) 掌握WindowAdapter类、AbstractAction类的用法;

(6) 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。

2、实验内容和步骤

实验1: 导入第11章示例程序,测试程序并进行代码注释。

测试程序1:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材443页-444页程序11-1,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 在事件处理相关代码处添加注释;

l 用lambda表达式简化程序;

l 掌握JButton组件的基本API;

l 掌握Java中事件处理的基本编程模型。

package button;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel
 */
public class ButtonFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 400;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 300;

   public ButtonFrame()//构造器
   {      
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);//决定框架的大小

      // create buttons  构造器按钮
      JButton yellowButton = new JButton("Yellow");
      JButton blueButton = new JButton("Blue");
      JButton redButton = new JButton("Red");

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

      // add buttons to panel
      buttonPanel.add(yellowButton);//将按钮添加到面板中
      buttonPanel.add(blueButton);
      buttonPanel.add(redButton);

      // add panel to frame
      add(buttonPanel);

      // create button actions
      //每种颜色构造一个对象,并将这些对象设置为按钮监听器
      ColorAction yellowAction = new ColorAction(Color.YELLOW);
      ColorAction blueAction = new ColorAction(Color.BLUE);
      ColorAction redAction = new ColorAction(Color.RED);

      // associate actions with buttons
      yellowButton.addActionListener(yellowAction);
      blueButton.addActionListener(blueAction);
      redButton.addActionListener(redAction);
   }

   /**
    * An action listener that sets the panel's background color.
    */
 //实现一个监听器的接口
   private class ColorAction implements ActionListener
   {
      private Color backgroundColor;

      public ColorAction(Color c)
      {
         backgroundColor = c;
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         buttonPanel.setBackground(backgroundColor);
      }
   }
}
package button;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ButtonTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {//生成件面
         JFrame frame = new ButtonFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ButtonTest");//应用名
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }

测试程序2:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材449页程序11-2,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 在组件观感设置代码处添加注释;

l 了解GUI程序中观感的设置方法。

package plaf;

import javax.swing.JButton;
import javax.swing.JFrame;
import javax.swing.JPanel;
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities;
import javax.swing.UIManager;

/**
 * A frame with a button panel for changing look-and-feel
 */
public class PlafFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;

   public PlafFrame()
   {
      buttonPanel = new JPanel();//实例化一个新的JPanel
//获取所有的显示样式
      UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo[] infos = UIManager.getInstalledLookAndFeels();
      for (UIManager.LookAndFeelInfo info : infos)
         makeButton(info.getName(), info.getClassName());

      add(buttonPanel);//增加了按键点击事件
      pack();
   }

   /**
    * Makes a button to change the pluggable look-and-feel.
    * @param name the button name
    * @param className the name of the look-and-feel class
    */
   private void makeButton(String name, String className)
   {
      // add button to panel
//向面板添加按钮 JButton button = new JButton(name); buttonPanel.add(button); // set button action button.addActionListener(event -> { // button action: switch to the new look-and-feel try { UIManager.setLookAndFeel(className); SwingUtilities.updateComponentTreeUI(this); pack(); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } }); } }
package plaf;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.32 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class PlafTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new PlafFrame();
//生成PlafFrame对象 frame.setTitle("PlafTest");
//设置组建的自定义标题测试按钮 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }

测试程序3:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材457页-458页程序11-3,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 掌握AbstractAction类及其动作对象;

l 掌握GUI程序中按钮、键盘动作映射到动作对象的方法。

package action;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame with a panel that demonstrates color change actions.
 */
public class ActionFrame extends JFrame
{
   private JPanel buttonPanel;
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   public ActionFrame()
   {
      setSize(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT);

      buttonPanel = new JPanel();

      // define actions
      Action yellowAction = new ColorAction("Yellow", new ImageIcon("yellow-ball.gif"),
            Color.YELLOW);
      Action blueAction = new ColorAction("Blue", new ImageIcon("blue-ball.gif"), Color.BLUE);
      Action redAction = new ColorAction("Red", new ImageIcon("red-ball.gif"), Color.RED);

      // add buttons for these actions
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(yellowAction));
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(blueAction));
      buttonPanel.add(new JButton(redAction));

      // add panel to frame
      add(buttonPanel);

      // associate the Y, B, and R keys with names
      InputMap imap = buttonPanel.getInputMap(JComponent.WHEN_ANCESTOR_OF_FOCUSED_COMPONENT);
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl Y"), "panel.yellow");
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl B"), "panel.blue");
      imap.put(KeyStroke.getKeyStroke("ctrl R"), "panel.red");

      // associate the names with actions
      ActionMap amap = buttonPanel.getActionMap();
      amap.put("panel.yellow", yellowAction);
      amap.put("panel.blue", blueAction);
      amap.put("panel.red", redAction);
   }
   
   public class ColorAction extends AbstractAction
   {
      /**
       * Constructs a color action.
       * @param name the name to show on the button
       * @param icon the icon to display on the button
       * @param c the background color
       */
      public ColorAction(String name, Icon icon, Color c)
      {
         putValue(Action.NAME, name);
         putValue(Action.SMALL_ICON, icon);
         putValue(Action.SHORT_DESCRIPTION, "Set panel color to " + name.toLowerCase());
         putValue("color", c);
      }

      public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent event)
      {
         Color c = (Color) getValue("color");
         buttonPanel.setBackground(c);
      }
package action;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class ActionTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new ActionFrame();
         frame.setTitle("ActionTest");
         frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
         frame.setVisible(true);
      });
   }
}
} }

测试程序4:

l 在elipse IDE中调试运行教材462页程序11-4、11-5,结合程序运行结果理解程序;

l 掌握GUI程序中鼠标事件处理技术。

package mouse;

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.geom.*;
import java.util.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A component with mouse operations for adding and removing squares.
 */
public class MouseComponent extends JComponent
{
   private static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 300;
   private static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 200;

   private static final int SIDELENGTH = 10;//定义创造的正方形的边长
   private ArrayList<Rectangle2D> squares;
   private Rectangle2D current; // the square containing the mouse cursor

   public MouseComponent()
   {
      squares = new ArrayList<>();
      current = null;

      addMouseListener(new MouseHandler());
      addMouseMotionListener(new MouseMotionHandler());
//添加一个我们实现的类,这个类继承了监测鼠标点击情况的MouseListener } public Dimension getPreferredSize() { return new Dimension(DEFAULT_WIDTH, DEFAULT_HEIGHT); } public void paintComponent(Graphics g) { Graphics2D g2 = (Graphics2D) g; // draw all squares for (Rectangle2D r : squares) g2.draw(r); } /** * Finds the first square containing a point. * @param p a point * @return the first square that contains p */ public Rectangle2D find(Point2D p)
//转换我们需要使用的类型
//绘制所有正方形 { for (Rectangle2D r : squares) { if (r.contains(p)) return r; } return null; } /** * Adds a square to the collection. * @param p the center of the square */ public void add(Point2D p) { double x = p.getX(); double y = p.getY();
//获取x和y的坐标 current = new Rectangle2D.Double(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); squares.add(current); repaint();//重绘图像 } /** * Removes a square from the collection. * @param s the square to remove */ public void remove(Rectangle2D s) { if (s == null) return;
//如果要移除的内容为空,直接返回 if (s == current) current = null; squares.remove(s); repaint();//重绘component的方法 } private class MouseHandler extends MouseAdapter { public void mousePressed(MouseEvent event)//鼠标按下方法 { // add a new square if the cursor isn't inside a square current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current == null) add(event.getPoint()); } public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent event) { // remove the current square if double clicked current = find(event.getPoint()); if (current != null && event.getClickCount() >= 2) remove(current); } } private class MouseMotionHandler implements MouseMotionListener { public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent event) { // set the mouse cursor to cross hairs if it is inside // a rectangle if (find(event.getPoint()) == null) setCursor(Cursor.getDefaultCursor()); else setCursor(Cursor.getPredefinedCursor(Cursor.CROSSHAIR_CURSOR)); } public void mouseDragged(MouseEvent event) { if (current != null) { int x = event.getX(); int y = event.getY(); // drag the current rectangle to center it at (x, y) current.setFrame(x - SIDELENGTH / 2, y - SIDELENGTH / 2, SIDELENGTH, SIDELENGTH); repaint(); } } } }
package mouse;

import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * A frame containing a panel for testing mouse operations
 */
public class MouseFrame extends JFrame
{
   public MouseFrame()
   {
      add(new MouseComponent());//向框架中添加一个JComponent的实例
      pack();
   }
}
package mouse;

import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;

/**
 * @version 1.34 2015-06-12
 * @author Cay Horstmann
 */
public class MouseTest
{
   public static void main(String[] args)
   {
      EventQueue.invokeLater(() -> {
         JFrame frame = new MouseFrame();
//生成MonseFrame frame.setTitle("MouseTest");
//设置组建的定义标题测试按钮 frame.setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); frame.setVisible(true); }); } }

实验2:结对编程练习

利用班级名单文件、文本框和按钮组件,设计一个有如下界面(图1)的点名器,要求用户点击开始按钮后在文本输入框随机显示2017级网络与信息安全班同学姓名,如图2所示,点击停止按钮后,文本输入框不再变换同学姓名,此同学则是被点到的同学姓名。

点名器启动界面

点名器点名界面

package dianming;
import java.util.*;
import java.awt.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Frame;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
 
public class dianmingqi extends JFrame implements ActionListener{
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    private JButton but ;
 
    private JButton show;
    private static boolean flag = true;
    public static void main(String arguments []) {
         new dianmingqi();
 
        }
 
public  dianmingqi(){
 
but = new JButton("开始");
but.setBounds(100,150,100,40); 
show = new JButton("随机点名");
show.setBounds(80,80,180,30);

 
add(but);
 
add(show);
 
setLayout(null);
setVisible(true);
setResizable(false);
setBounds(100,100,300,300);
this.getContentPane().setBackground(Color.white);
setTitle("点名");
setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
 
but.addActionListener(this);
}
 
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e){
        int i=0;
        String names[]=new String[50];
        try {
            Scanner in=new Scanner(new File("D:\\studentnamelist.txt"));
            while(in.hasNextLine())
            {
                names[i]=in.nextLine();
                i++;
            }
        } catch (FileNotFoundException e1) {
             
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
 
     
        if(but.getText()=="开始"){    
 
    show.setBackground(Color.gray);
    flag=true;
    new Thread(){   
        public void run(){
            while(dianmingqi.flag){
            Random r = new Random(); 
            int i= r.nextInt(47);
            show.setText(names[i]);
            }
        }
    }.start();
    but.setText("停止");
    but.setBackground(Color.darkGray);
}    
else if(but.getText()=="停止"){
    flag = false;
    but.setText("开始");
    but.setBackground(Color.WHITE);
    show.setBackground(Color.magenta);
}
    }
 
 
 
}

  

实验总结:这次实验的学习中知道了图形编辑器应用程序 ,其允许用户在画布上放置、移动和擦除方块等等,

更好想学敲代码。

 

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/baimaciren/p/10002052.html