Jena 操作 RDF 文件

1. RDF 入门

  • RDF(Resource Description Framework)是由W3C规定的,描述资源(resource)的数据模型(data model),;
  • RDF 使用Web标识符来标识事物,并通过属性和属性值来描述资源;
    • 资源:可拥有URI的任何事物,如:http://localhost:8080/JohnSmith
    • 属性:拥有名称的资源,如:人的全名(FullName),职位等;
    • 属性值:某个属性的值,如:JohnSmith;

/**
 * 使用Jena表示上图
 */

// 定义
static String personURI = "http://localhost:8080/JohnSmith";
static String fullName = "John Smith";

// 创建空的Model, 即图(Graph)
Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();

// 创建资源
Resource johnSmith = model.createResource(personURI);

// 添加属性
johnSmith.addProperty(VCARD.FN, fullName);

/**
 * 或者
 */
 Resource johnSmith = model.createResource(personURI)
                           .addProperty(VCARD.FN, fullName);

/**
 * 更加复杂的图形表示(资源表示中存在空节点)
 */

public class Tutorial2{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String personURI = "http://localhost:8080/JohnSmith";
        String givenName = "John";
        String familyName = "Smith";
        String fullName = givenName + " " + familyName;

        // 创建Model
        Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();

        // 创建Resource,并添加属性
        Resource johnSmith = model.createResource(personURI)
                                  .addProperty(VCARD.FN, fullName)
                                  .addProperty(VCARD.N, 
                                        model.createResource()
                                             .addProperty(VCARD.Given, givenName)
                                             .addProperty(VCARD.Family, familyName));
    }
}

2. RDF Statements(RDF 陈述)

  • 资源,属性和属性值的组合可形成一个陈述;
  • 陈述(Statement)包括:
    • subject(主体)
    • predicate(谓语)
    • object(客体)
/**
 * 使用Statement,读取RDF内容(使用上面的代码)
 */
 
 StmtIterator iter = model.listStatements();
 while(iter.hasNext()){
     // 打印 subject,predicate, object
     Statement stmt = iter.nextStatement();
     Resource subject = stmt.getSubject();
     Property predicate = stmt.getPredicate();
     RDFNode object = stmt.getObject();

     System.out.print(subject.toString());
     System.out.print(" " + predicate.toString() + " ");
     if(object instanceof Resource){
         // 如果为 资源
         System.out.print(object.toString());
     } else {
         // 如果为文本
         System.out.print(" \"" + object.toString() + "\"");
     }

     System.out.println(" .");
 }

 // 上述代码,可以简写为: model.write(System.out, "N-TRIPLES");


 ### 输出结果:
735a32cc-f7a3-4be5-b70f-9689fcd5a4b4 http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#Family  "Smith" .
735a32cc-f7a3-4be5-b70f-9689fcd5a4b4 http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#Given  "John" .
http://localhost:8080/JohnSmith http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#N 735a32cc-f7a3-4be5-b70f-9689fcd5a4b4 .
http://localhost:8080/JohnSmith http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#FN  "John Smith" .

3. RDF 的写和读

/**
 * RDF XML 格式输出
 */
 public class Tutorial2{
    public static void main(String[] args){
        String personURI = "http://localhost:8080/JohnSmith";
        String givenName = "John";
        String familyName = "Smith";
        String fullName = givenName + " " + familyName;

        // 创建Model
        Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();

        // 创建Resource,并添加属性
        Resource johnSmith = model.createResource(personURI)
                                  .addProperty(VCARD.FN, fullName)
                                  .addProperty(VCARD.N, 
                                        model.createResource()
                                             .addProperty(VCARD.Given, givenName)
                                             .addProperty(VCARD.Family, familyName));
        
        // RDF xml 格式输出
        model.write(System.out);
    }
}

### 输出结果:
<rdf:RDF
    xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
    xmlns:vcard="http://www.w3.org/2001/vcard-rdf/3.0#">
  <rdf:Description rdf:about="http://localhost:8080/JohnSmith">
    <vcard:N rdf:parseType="Resource">
      <vcard:Family>Smith</vcard:Family>
      <vcard:Given>John</vcard:Given>
    </vcard:N>
    <vcard:FN>John Smith</vcard:FN>
  </rdf:Description>
</rdf:RDF>


/**
 * 读取 RDF/XML 格式的文件
 *    下载地址:http://jena.apache.org/tutorials/sparql_data/vc-db-1.rdf
 */
 // 创建空Model
 Model model = ModelFactory.createDefaultModel();

 // 使用FileManager,获取输入流
 String inputFileName = "";
 InputStream in = FileManager.get().open(inputFileName);
 if(in == null){
     throw new IllegalArgumentException(
         "File: " + inputFileName + " not found.");
     )
 }

 // 读取 RDF/XML 文件
 model.read(in, null);

 // 将读取的内容,输出到控制台
 model.write(System.out);

4. 操作Model

/**
 * 获取Model中存储的信息(接上例)
 */

// 如果存在,直接返回;不存在,则新创建一个,再返回
String johnSmithURI = "http://somewhere/JohnSmith";
Resource vcard = model.getResource(johnSmithURI);

// 获取资源的属性(该属性可能为资源,或者文本)
// 若为资源:
Resource name = vcard.getProperty(VCARD.N)
                     .getResource();

// 若为文本:
String fullName = vcard.getProperty(VCARD.FN)
                       .getString();

// 如果存在多个同名属性:
StmtIterator iter = vcard.listProperties("属性名");
while(iter.hasNext()){
    System.out.println(iter.nextStatement()
                           .getObject()
                           .toString());
}



参考资料:

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/linkworld/p/9984596.html