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枚举类型##
关键字enum可以将一组具名的值的有限集合创建为一种新的类型，而这些具名的值可以作为常规的程序组件使用。
19.1 基本emum特性
Shrubbery.values()：获取值集合
s.ordinal()：返回次序
s.getDeclaringClass():所属enum类
s.name()：返回名字
- 将静态导入用于emum
import static enumerated.Spiciness.*;
可以将emum实例的标识符带入当前命名空间，无需再emum类型修饰emum实例。
19.2 向emum中添加新方法
除了不能继承外，基本上可以将emum看着常规类。
public enum OzWitch {
WEST("Miss Gulch, aka the Wicked Witch of the West"),
NORTH("Glinda, the Good Witch of the North"),
EAST("Wicked Witch of the East, wearer of the Ruby " +
"Slippers, crushed by Dorothy's house"),
SOUTH("Good by inference, but missing");
private String description;
private OzWitch(String description) {
this.description = description;
}
public String getDescription() { return description; }
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(OzWitch witch : OzWitch.values())
print(witch + ": " + witch.getDescription());
}
}
- 覆盖enum方法
public enum SpaceShip {
SCOUT, CARGO, TRANSPORT, CRUISER, BATTLESHIP, MOTHERSHIP;
public String toString() {
String id = name();
String lower = id.substring(1).toLowerCase();
return id.charAt(0) + lower;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(SpaceShip s : values()) {
System.out.println(s);
}
}
}
19.3 switch语句中的emum
/**
* switch语句中的enum
* @author Administrator
*
*/
enum Signal{
GREEN,YELLOW,RED
}
public class TrafficLight {
Signal color = Signal.RED;
public void change() {
switch (color) {
case RED:
color = Signal.GREEN;
break;
case GREEN:
color = Signal.YELLOW;
break;
case YELLOW:
color = Signal.RED;
break;
}
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "The Light is "+color;
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
TrafficLight tf = new TrafficLight();
for (int i = 0; i < 7; i++) {
print(tf);
tf.change();
}
}
}
19.4 emum 的values()神秘之处
values()是由编译器添加的static方法。
19.5 实现而非继承
enum继承Enum类了，所以只能是实现一个或多个接口。
19.6 随机选取
public class Enums {
private static Random rand = new Random(47);
public static <T extends Enum<T>> T random(Class<T> ec) {
return random(ec.getEnumConstants());
}
public static <T> T random(T[] values) {
return values[rand.nextInt(values.length)];
}
}
19.7 使用接口组织枚举
19.8 使用EnumSet代替标志
public class EnumSets {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EnumSet<AlarmPoints> points =
EnumSet.noneOf(AlarmPoints.class); // Empty set
points.add(BATHROOM);
print(points);
points.addAll(EnumSet.of(STAIR1, STAIR2, KITCHEN));
print(points);
points = EnumSet.allOf(AlarmPoints.class);
points.removeAll(EnumSet.of(STAIR1, STAIR2, KITCHEN));
print(points);
points.removeAll(EnumSet.range(OFFICE1, OFFICE4));
print(points);
points = EnumSet.complementOf(points);
print(points);
}
}
19.9 使用EnumMap
EnumMap要求其中的键必须来自一个Enum。
命令设计模式：一个只有单一方法的接口，然后从该接口实现具有各自不同行为的子类。
public class EnumMaps {
public static void main(String[] args) {
EnumMap<AlarmPoints,Command> em =
new EnumMap<AlarmPoints,Command>(AlarmPoints.class);
em.put(KITCHEN, new Command() {
public void action() { print("Kitchen fire!"); }
});
em.put(BATHROOM, new Command() {
public void action() { print("Bathroom alert!"); }
});
for(Map.Entry<AlarmPoints,Command> e : em.entrySet()) {
printnb(e.getKey() + ": ");
e.getValue().action();
}
try { // If there's no value for a particular key:
em.get(UTILITY).action();
} catch(Exception e) {
print(e);
}
}
}
19.10 常量相关方法
enum可以为enum实例编写方法。实现不同enum的不同行为。
具体做法：需要为enum定义一个或多个抽象方法，然后为每个enum实现该抽象方法。
public enum ConstantSpecificMethod {
DATE_TIME {
String getInfo() {
return
DateFormat.getDateInstance().format(new Date());
}
},
CLASSPATH {
String getInfo() {
return System.getenv("CLASSPATH");
}
},
VERSION {
String getInfo() {
return System.getProperty("java.version");
}
};
abstract String getInfo();
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(ConstantSpecificMethod csm : values())
System.out.println(csm.getInfo());
}
}
- 使用emun责任链
责任链设计模式：以多种不同的方式来解决一个问题，然后将他们链接在一起。
class Mail {
// The NO's lower the probability of random selection:
enum GeneralDelivery {YES,NO1,NO2,NO3,NO4,NO5}
enum Scannability {UNSCANNABLE,YES1,YES2,YES3,YES4}
enum Readability {ILLEGIBLE,YES1,YES2,YES3,YES4}
enum Address {INCORRECT,OK1,OK2,OK3,OK4,OK5,OK6}
enum ReturnAddress {MISSING,OK1,OK2,OK3,OK4,OK5}
GeneralDelivery generalDelivery;
Scannability scannability;
Readability readability;
Address address;
ReturnAddress returnAddress;
static long counter = 0;
long id = counter++;
public String toString() { return "Mail " + id; }
public String details() {
return toString() +
", General Delivery: " + generalDelivery +
", Address Scanability: " + scannability +
", Address Readability: " + readability +
", Address Address: " + address +
", Return address: " + returnAddress;
}
// Generate test Mail:
public static Mail randomMail() {
Mail m = new Mail();
m.generalDelivery= Enums.random(GeneralDelivery.class);
m.scannability = Enums.random(Scannability.class);
m.readability = Enums.random(Readability.class);
m.address = Enums.random(Address.class);
m.returnAddress = Enums.random(ReturnAddress.class);
return m;
}
public static Iterable<Mail> generator(final int count) {
return new Iterable<Mail>() {
int n = count;
public Iterator<Mail> iterator() {
return new Iterator<Mail>() {
public boolean hasNext() { return n-- > 0; }
public Mail next() { return randomMail(); }
public void remove() { // Not implemented
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
};
}
};
}
}
public class PostOffice {
enum MailHandler {
GENERAL_DELIVERY {
boolean handle(Mail m) {
switch(m.generalDelivery) {
case YES:
print("Using general delivery for " + m);
return true;
default: return false;
}
}
},
MACHINE_SCAN {
boolean handle(Mail m) {
switch(m.scannability) {
case UNSCANNABLE: return false;
default:
switch(m.address) {
case INCORRECT: return false;
default:
print("Delivering "+ m + " automatically");
return true;
}
}
}
},
VISUAL_INSPECTION {
boolean handle(Mail m) {
switch(m.readability) {
case ILLEGIBLE: return false;
default:
switch(m.address) {
case INCORRECT: return false;
default:
print("Delivering " + m + " normally");
return true;
}
}
}
},
RETURN_TO_SENDER {
boolean handle(Mail m) {
switch(m.returnAddress) {
case MISSING: return false;
default:
print("Returning " + m + " to sender");
return true;
}
}
};
abstract boolean handle(Mail m);
}
static void handle(Mail m) {
for(MailHandler handler : MailHandler.values())
if(handler.handle(m))
return;
print(m + " is a dead letter");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
for(Mail mail : Mail.generator(10)) {
print(mail.details());
handle(mail);
print("*****");
}
}
}
- 使用emun状态机