javaweb之MVC设计模式

1.MVC简介

MVC是Model-View-Controller的简称,即模型-视图-控制器。MVC是一种设计模式,它把应用程序分成三个核心模块:模型,视图,控制器,它们各自处理自己的任务。

  • 模型(体现在下图中的POJO和数据库)是应用程序的主体部分,表示业务数据和业务逻辑。一个模型能为多个视图提供数据。由于应用于模型的代码只需要写一次就可以被多个视图重用,所以提高了代码的可重用性。
  • 视图是用户看到并与之交互的界面,可以向用户显示相关的数据,也可以接收用户的输入,但是不进行任何实际的业务处理。
  • 控制器接收请求,获取请求参数,调用DAO方法,决定用哪个模型组件去处理请求,然后决定调用哪个视图来显示模型处理返回的数据。

MVC模式处理过程逻辑放在servlet中,显示交给jsp。客户端发请求到服务器,服务器调用servlet,servlet作为一个控制器,接收请求,根据请求的相关逻辑情况去调用java类的方法,由java类完成业务逻辑跟访问数据库的操作,然后servlet根据pojo的返回结果,转向不同的jsp页面, jsp完成显示的功能。

2.MVC案例之查询

MySql数据库中的数据内容为:

例如,现有需求需要实现在网页点击超链接,可以在页面显示参加考试的学生的所有信息(学生的考试信息存储在数据库中)。设计思路如下图所示,首先点击网页的超链接listAllExamStudent,发送get请求到servlet,由服务器调用servlet的doGet方法,在doGet()方法中需要做到:①.调用ExamStudentDao的getAll()方法返回学生的List对象;②.把1得到的List放入request中;③.请求的转发到student.jsp;

 实现代码:

点击网页的超链接listAllExamStudent,发送get请求到servlet。searchTest.jsp

  <body>
    <a href="listAllStudent">listAllStudents</a>
  </body>

 listAllStudentServlet.java

package com.javaWebMVCTest;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.List;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class listAllStudentServlet extends HttpServlet {
	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        studentDao studentdao=new studentDao();
//调用ExamStudentDao的getAll()方法返回学生的List对象; List<student> students=studentdao.getAll();
//把1得到的List放入request中 request.setAttribute("students", students);
//请求的转发到student.jsp request.getRequestDispatcher("/jspTest/students.jsp").forward(request,response); } }

在web.xml中进行配置:

<servlet>
  <servlet-name>listAllStudentServlet</servlet-name>
  <servlet-class>com.javaWebMVCTest.listAllStudentServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
  <servlet-name>listAllStudentServlet</servlet-name>
  <url-pattern>/listAllStudent</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<url-pattern>/listAllStudent</url-pattern>映射的地址为searchTest.jsp中超链接<a href="listAllStudent">的链接地址。
student.java
package com.javaWebMVCTest;

public class student {
    private Integer flow_id;
    private int Type;
    private String id_card;
    private String exam_card;
    private String student_name;
    private String Location;
    private int Grade;
    
	public Integer getFlow_id() {
		return flow_id;
	}
	public void setFlow_id(Integer flow_id) {
		this.flow_id = flow_id;
	}
	public int getType() {
		return Type;
	}
	public void setType(int type) {
		Type = type;
	}
	public String getId_card() {
		return id_card;
	}
	public void setId_card(String id_card) {
		this.id_card = id_card;
	}
	public String getExam_card() {
		return exam_card;
	}
	public void setExam_card(String exam_card) {
		this.exam_card = exam_card;
	}
	public String getStudent_name() {
		return student_name;
	}
	public void setStudent_name(String student_name) {
		this.student_name = student_name;
	}
	public String getLocation() {
		return Location;
	}
	public void setLocation(String location) {
		Location = location;
	}
	public int getGrade() {
		return Grade;
	}
	public void setGrade(int grade) {
		Grade = grade;
	}
	public student(Integer flow_id, int type, String id_card, String exam_card, String student_name, String location,
			int grade) {
		super();
		this.flow_id = flow_id;
		Type = type;
		this.id_card = id_card;
		this.exam_card = exam_card;
		this.student_name = student_name;
		Location = location;
		Grade = grade;
	}
    public student(){}
}

 连接数据库及查询的操作:studentDao.java

package com.javaWebMVCTest;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import com.javaWebMVCTest.student;

public class studentDao {
	
    public List<student> getAll(){
    	List<student> stus=new ArrayList<>();
    	Connection connection=null;
    	PreparedStatement preparedstament=null;
    	ResultSet resultset=null;
    	
    	try{
    		String driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
    		Class.forName(driverClass);
    		System.out.println("数据库驱动加载成功!");
    		connection=DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:mysql:"+"//localhost:3303/students?autoReconnect=true&failOverReadOnly=false","root","0404");
    		System.out.println("数据库连接成功!");
    		String sql="SELECT flow_id,Type,id_card,exam_card,student_name,Location,Grade FROM students";
    		preparedstament=connection.prepareStatement(sql);
    		resultset=preparedstament.executeQuery();
    		while (resultset.next()){
    			int flow_id=resultset.getInt(1);
    			int Type=resultset.getInt(2);
    			String id_card=resultset.getString(3);
    			String exam_card=resultset.getString(4);
    			String student_name=resultset.getString(5);		
    			String Location=resultset.getString(6);
    			int Grade=resultset.getInt(7);   
    			
    			student students=new student(flow_id,Type,id_card,exam_card,student_name,Location,Grade);
    			stus.add(students);
    		}
    	}catch(Exception e){
    		e.printStackTrace();
    	}
    	try{
    		if (connection!=null){
    			connection.close();
    		} 
    	}catch(SQLException e){
    		e.printStackTrace();
    	}
    	try{
    		if (preparedstament!=null){
    			preparedstament.close();
    		} 
    	}catch(SQLException e){
    		e.printStackTrace();
    	}
    	try{
    		if (resultset!=null){
    			resultset.close();
    		} 
    	}catch(SQLException e){
    		e.printStackTrace();
    	}
    	return stus;
    }
}

 显示信息的跳转页面:students.jsp

  <body>
    <%
    List<student> stus=(List<student>)request.getAttribute("students");
     %>
     <table>
       <tr>
         <th>flow_id</th>
         <th>Type</th>
         <th>id_card</th>
         <th>exam_card</th>
         <th>student_name</th>
         <th>Location</th>
         <th>Grade</th>
       </tr>
       <%
       for(student stu:stus){
       %>
       
        <tr>
          <td><%=stu.getFlow_id() %></td>
          <td><%=stu.getType() %></td>
          <td><%=stu.getId_card() %></td>
          <td><%=stu.getExam_card() %></td>
          <td><%=stu.getStudent_name() %></td>
          <td><%=stu.getLocation() %></td>
          <td><%=stu.getGrade() %></td>
        </tr>
       <%
       }
        %>
     </table>
  </body>

 运行后显示:

 

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转载自www.cnblogs.com/naihuangbao/p/9825767.html