原文:http://www.linuxidc.com/Linux/2015-04/115841.htm
https://help.aliyun.com/document_detail/25426.html?spm=5176.7738005.2.1.1kmn8n(Linux 格式化和挂载数据盘)
https://www.fujieace.com/jingyan/linux/centos-mount.html (Centos挂载硬盘完整图文教程(查看、分区、格式化、挂载)磁盘)
第一步:列出所有磁盘 命令: ll /dev/disk/by-path
[root@localhost ~]# ll /dev/disk/by-path/
total 0
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 9 Oct 10 14:07 pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:0:0 -> ../../sda
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Oct 10 14:07 pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:0:0-part1 -> ../../sda1
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Oct 10 14:07 pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:0:0-part2 -> ../../sda2
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Oct 10 14:07 pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:0:0-part3 -> ../../sda3
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Oct 10 14:07 pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:0:0-part4 -> ../../sda4
lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 10 Oct 10 14:07 pci-0000:03:00.0-scsi-0:2:0:0-part5 -> ../../sda5
提示:如果无法确认数据盘设备名称,请使用df命令来确认系统盘的名称,从而排除挂错盘的情况。
也可以用fdisk -l 命令来查看磁盘有哪些。
第二步:创建硬盘分区 命令: fdisk /dev/sdb
[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
Building a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0x876750fc.
Command (m for help):n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-1048575999, default 2048):
Using default value 2048
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (2048-1048575999, default 1048575999):
Using default value 1048575999
Partition 1 of type Linux and of size 500 GiB is set
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
[root@localhost ~]#
第三步:格式化分区 命令: mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1 #ext4方式格式化
mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 #xfs方式格式化
例如:
[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=32767936 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=131071744, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=63999, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
第四步:挂载分区
先创建要挂载文件目录: mkdir /data
mount /dev/sdb1 /data # 将sdb这个硬盘挂载成为/data
第五步:将信息写入fstab,让系统开启自动挂载。
命令: echo "/dev/sdb1 /data ext4 defaults 0 0" >> /etc/fstab
注意:ext4 是根据你格式化时候的格式来配置的,如果是ext3,则就是ext3,xfs就是xfs;/data 挂载到那个文件目录
另: 上边第4、5步挂载和开启字段加载方案可以采用如下的磁盘UUID方案挂载:
[root@localhost ~]# blkid #查看磁盘的uuid
/dev/sda1: UUID="84f67aab-9ae8-4b9c-83a2-c100e7e053b6" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="36a02888-f0a3-40ef-aa6a-35f3a2bded16" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="01a6515b-1d82-4d04-abef-de11b56abfc3" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="c258d06f-bbf5-4393-aeba-a36a056dffdc" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sdb1: UUID="80426c7a-36a7-45e8-8552-30c3f1bdca25" TYPE="xfs"
我要将sdb1 挂载到/data 目录中则可以:
先创建目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /data
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/fstab #修改自动加载磁盘文件添加如下数据,可以让系统重启可以自动加载
UUID=80426c7a-36a7-45e8-8552-30c3f1bdca25 /data xfs defaults 0 0
保存、退出:
[root@localhost ~]# mount -a # 加载磁盘命令,
[root@localhost ~]# df -h # 查看当前目录挂载及使用情况
注意:xfs 是根据你格式化时候的格式来配置的,如果是ext3,则就是ext3,ext4就是ext4;/data 就是加载的文件目录