oracle_Linux_Data_Guard搭建

安装环境

主数据库: OS:linux6.6 DB:oracle11.2

备数据库：:OS:linux6.6 DB:oracle11.2

主、备数据库安装目录结构相同。

一、主数据库配置及相关操作

set linesize 999

set pagesize 999

col member for a90

1、确认主库处于归档模式

>archive log list;

如果没有归档，执行以下操作：

shutdown immediate;

startup mount;

alter database archivelog;

archive log list;

alter database open;

2、将主数据库设置为force logging模式，使得Oracle无论什么操作都进行redo的写入。

>alter database force logging;

>select log_mode,force_logging from v$database;

3、创建角色转换后接收日志的redo log

此步是可选项，主要是用于主库角色转换后做为standby log日志接收主库的日志

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE ('/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/slog1.rdo') SIZE 50M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE ('/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/slog2.rdo') SIZE 50M;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE ('/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/slog3.rdo') SIZE 50M;

SQL> select * from v$logfile;

4、创建主数据库客户端初始化参数文件

注：主要此处修改项较多，为了方便，我们首先创建并修改pfile，然后再通过pfile 重建spfile。

SQL> create pfile from spfile; (稍后后复制到standby的$ORACLE_HOME/dbs下)

修改客户端初始化参数文件(主库的initorcl.ora)，增加下列内容

vi /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/initorcl.ora

*.db_name=orcl

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ossdb1

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(ossdb1,ossdb2)'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ossdb1'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=ossdb2 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ossdb2'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE

LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s_%r.arc

LOG_ARCHIVE_MAX_PROCESSES=30

--下面是角色转换用到的参数

*.FAL_CLIENT=ossdb1

*.FAL_SERVER=ossdb2

*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/','/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/'

*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/','/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/'

*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO #主库数据库文件发生变化，备库也会增加

通过pfile 重建spfile

SQL> shutdown immediate

SQL> create spfile from pfile='initorcl.ora';

SQL> startup

5、创建一份主库的备份

用rman或其它方法备份主库的数据文件，这里使用的是将主库数据文件拷贝到备库方式。

Shutdown主库，将主库备份文件*.dbf文件拷贝的备机上

$ scp *.dbf [email protected]:/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/

6、创建standby 数据库控制文件

主库

SQL> startup mount

ALTER DATABASE CREATE STANDBY CONTROLFILE AS ‘/tmp/ossdb2trl1.ctl’;

拷贝控制文件至备库

scp ossdb2trl1.ctl [email protected]:/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/

拷贝init文件至备库并修改

scp initorcl.ora [email protected]:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/

*.control_files='/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/ossdb2trl1.ctl', '/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/ossddb2trl2.ctl'

*.db_name=orcl

*.DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ossdb2

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_CONFIG='DG_CONFIG=(ossdb1,ossdb2)'

*.DB_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/','/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/'

*.LOG_FILE_NAME_CONVERT='/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/','/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=log%t_%s_%r.arc

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/home/oracle/app/oradata/orcl/ VALID_FOR=(ALL_LOGFILES,ALL_ROLES) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ossdb2'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_1=ENABLE

#---下列参数用于角色切换

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_2='SERVICE=ossdb1 LGWR ASYNC VALID_FOR=(ONLINE_LOGFILES,PRIMARY_ROLE) DB_UNIQUE_NAME=ossdb1'

*.LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_STATE_2=ENABLE

*.REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE

*.FAL_SERVER=ossdb1

*.FAL_CLIENT=ossdb2

*.STANDBY_FILE_MANAGEMENT=AUTO

拷贝密码文件

scp /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/orapworcl [email protected]:/home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/dbs/

7、配置主数据库tnsnames.ora文件

cd /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin

vi tnsnames.ora

ossdb1 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ossdb1)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

ossdb2 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

   (ADDRESS_LIST =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ossdb2)(PORT = 1521))

)

      (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SID = orcl)

    )

  )

8、配置备数据库tnsnames.ora文件

cd /home/oracle/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1/network/admin

vi tnsnames.ora

ossdb2=

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ossdb2)(PORT = 1521))

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (SERVER = DEDICATED)

      (SERVICE_NAME = orcl)

    )

  )

ossdb1 =

  (DESCRIPTION =

    (ADDRESS_LIST =

      (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = ossdb1)(PORT = 1521))

    )

    (CONNECT_DATA =

      (sid = orcl)

    )

)

注：listener.ora装数据库一般都已经配好，不用动就行。

配完之后重启主备listener:

[oracle@DB1 ~]$ lsnrctl stop

[oracle@DB1 ~]$ lsnrctl start

使用tnsping测试

$tnsping ossdb1

注意空格，括号等

二、Standby数据库配置及相关操作

1、通过该pfile 创建spfile

SQL> create spfile from pfile;

2、启动standby 到mount

SQL> startup mount;

3、启动redo 应用

SQL> alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;

SQL> recover managed standby database cancel;

SQL> alter database open;

SQL> select name,open_mode,PROTECTION_MODE,DATABASE_ROLE from v$database;

三、oracle dg 状态检查

1、查看主库的基本信息

select open_mode,protection_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

2、查看备库的基本信息

select open_mode,protection_mode,database_role,switchover_status from v$database;

3、查看同步情况

(1)检查实例状态是否一致

连接到主数据库

show parameter instance_name ;

连接到备数据库

show parameter instance_name ;

(2)检查主备两边的序号

连接到主数据库

select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

连接到备数据库

select max(sequence#) from v$archived_log;

（3）备库执行，查看是否有数据未应用

select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log ;

（4）检查备库状态，状态应该为not allowed

select switchover_status from v$database;

（5）查看备库是否有管理恢复进程（MRP）

ps aux|grep mrp

4、dg主备库切换步骤

主库

SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;

SQL> Alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown;

SQL> shut immediate

SQL> startup nomount

SQL> alter database mount standby database;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE RECOVER MANAGED STANDBY DATABASE DISCONNECT FROM SESSION ;

备库

SQL> select switchover_status from v$database;

SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;

SQL> ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY;

SQL> shut immediate

SQL> startup

用来check当前主备库差异状态

set line 2000

set pages 2000

select name,open_mode,database_role,switchover_status,PROTECTION_MODE, PROTECTION_LEVEL from v$database;

SELECT al.thrd "Thread", almax "Last Seq Received", lhmax "Last Seq Applied" FROM (select thread# thrd, MAX(sequence#) almax FROM v$archived_log WHERE resetlogs_change#=(SELECT resetlogs_chan

ge# FROM v$database) GROUP BY thread#) al, (SELECT thread# thrd, MAX(sequence#) lhmax FROM v$log_history WHERE resetlogs_change#=(SELECT resetlogs_change# FROM v$database) GROUP BY thread#) l

h WHERE al.thrd = lh.thrd;

select pid,process,status,blocks,block# from v$managed_standby;

select to_char(SYSDATE,'yyyymmdd hh24:mi:ss') CTIME,NAME,VALUE,DATUM_TIME from V$DATAGUARD_STATS WHERE NAME LIKE '%lag';

启动完毕后，返回查看同步情况

参考文章：

https://blog.csdn.net/lichangzai/article/details/7979032

https://blog.csdn.net/halley333/article/details/80149984

https://blog.csdn.net/aaaaaaaa2000/article/details/7556741