59.
Ultimately, Gates thinks that the private sector cannot prepare the world for future epidemics and pandemics on its own. “It’s not like the Gates Foundation is going to own planes or a vaccine factory,” he says. Preparedness depends on “government funding, overwhelmingly.” And such funding must be stable, he argues, rather than rising during each new outbreak and falling once the crisis recedes into memory. “It’s very similar to being, you know, prepared for war,” says Gates.
参考译文：
盖茨认为，究其根本，私营部门只靠自己不能让世界作好应对未来流行病的准备。他说：“盖茨基金不像是会拥有飞机或疫苗工厂”。防备绝对依赖于政府的资金支持。他表示，此类资金支持必须稳定，不能每次新疾病一爆发就增加，危机一淡化成记忆就减少。盖茨说，“你知道，这非常像备战。”
词汇突破：
1. ultimately 根本；基本上
2. epidemic 传染病；流行病
3. pandemic （全球性的）流行病
4. prepare A for B 让Ａ作好应对Ｂ准备
5. vaccine 疫苗
6. It’s not like (that)…（口语）不像是……
7. preparedness 有准备
8. funding 拨款；资金支持
9. overwhelmingly 压倒性地；不可抵抗地；绝对性地
10. stable 稳定的
11. outbreak 爆发
12. recede 消退；淡化
58.
Some of those costs are undoubtedly because Amazon spends a lot of money sending packages for free to its 100 million Prime members around the world. This is, in some ways, smart strategy. Prime customers get so accustomed to free shipping that they just start buying everything on Amazon. “They are trying to get you hooked on the convenience,” David Vernon, an analyst with Bernstein, told me. “Once they get that Prime ID stuck in your wallet, and you start hitting the buy button, are you really paying the attention to what the price is?”
参考译文：
毫无疑问，其中一些成本是由于亚马逊花费了大量的资金，将包裹免费送到其1亿个在全世界各地的Prime成员。从某种角度讲，这是一个聪明的策略。Prime顾客对免费送货如此习惯，以至于他们开始在亚马逊上购买一切。伯恩斯坦公司的分析师大卫·弗农告诉我：“他们试图让你对这种方便着迷。”“一旦他们把Prime ID放在在你的钱包里，你就开始按买入键了，你真的会注意到它的价格吗？”
57.
The students didn’t tend to think of famous scientists like Albert Einstein as actual, imperfect people like themselves—students who didn’t learn about the scientists’ struggles were more likely to say that those scientists had innate talent and aptitude which separated them from everyone else. This mentality has been shown to be particularly detrimental to students in STEM fields, where droves of kids who originally seemed interested end up dropping out after they struggle in a class or fail a test.
参考译文：
学生们不倾向于认为，像爱因斯坦一样的知名科学家是和自己一样有缺点的活生生的人。不了解科学家奋斗史的学生更有可能说，这些科学家天赋异禀，才脱颖而出。这种心态对于理科生特别有害，许多开始感兴趣的孩子最终因为在一个课程受挫或一次测试不及格就退学了。
词汇突破：
1. tend 倾向于
2. imperfect 有缺点的；不完美的
3. innate 天生的
4. aptitude 能力
5. mentality 心态
6. detrimental 有害的
7. STEM: science, technology, engineering, and mathematics 理工类学科
8. droves of 成群的，一大批的
56.
Outsiders have long been curious how admissions decisions are made. Most of the time this desire for transparency stems from a desire for fairness: Given how few acceptances elite institutions can offer, admitting any group of students almost always means excluding a much larger group that is just as qualified.
参考译文：
局外人早就感到好奇——录取决策是如何达成的？大多数时候这种对信息公开的渴望源自对公正的追求：鉴于精英学校的录取机会很少，接收任何学生几乎总是意味着，拒绝另外一大批同样有资格的学生。
词汇突破：
1. Outsiders：局外人
2. Curious：好奇
3. admissions decision：录取决定
4. transparency 公开，透明
5. stems from：源于，你要记住这就是个因果词，类似的表达有：
Come from, spring from, originate from
（前面是结果，后面是原因）
6. given：鉴于，考虑到，因为
7. how few: 非常少
55.
Brussels may threaten social media companies with regulation unless they move urgently to tackle fake news and Cambridge Analytica-style use of personal data before the European elections in 2019.
参考译文：
若社交媒体不在2019年选举前迅速处理虚假新闻和剑桥分析式的个人数据使用，布鲁塞尔或将威胁加强监管。
词汇突破：
1. Brussels 布鲁塞尔（代表的就是欧盟）
就如 Downing street（唐宁街） 代表英国政府一样
2. Cambridge Analytica-style 剑桥分析式的 （大家如果看过之前的每日一句，应该知道这家Cambridge Analytica公司）（Kevin-style 凯文式的； Aman-style 一男式的；）
3. tackle 处理，应对
4. fake news 虚假新闻（消息）
54.
A letter from a Home Office minister dated May 2016 and obtained by the Guardian shows that the government has known for years about the impact of its “hostile environment” policy on the Windrush generation.
参考译文：
卫报获取了一位内政部长2016年5月的信函，上面显示政府多年来都知晓“敌对环境”政策对温德拉什世代的影响。
词汇突破：
1. Home Office minister：内政部长
2. Dated: 落款日期
3. Obtain:获得
53.
Given our new understanding of the role of REM, if modern lifestyles really are reducing our dream time, we could be sleepwalking into a load of trouble. Yet despite the mounting evidence, there remains disagreement over what exactly REM sleep does.
参考译文：
基于我们对快速眼动睡眠的新认识，如果现代生活方式真的在减少我们做梦的时间，我们可能正梦呓着走向一堆麻烦。但虽然证据越来越多，关于快速眼动睡眠的确切作用仍存在分歧。
52.
The event was the inaugural stop in Community Boost, a kind of roving technical college that Facebook plans to bring to at least 30 mid-sized U.S. cities this year. Each installment offers a few days of lectures, smaller “breakout” sessions, and one-on-one consultations, free for anyone who shows up. The goal, according to Facebook, is to teach business owners and employees the “digital skills” to make it online.
参考译文：
这次活动是Community Boost的首站，Community Boost一种流动的技术学院，Facebook计划在今年将其带给至少30个美国中等规模的城市。每一期都提供几天的讲座、较小分组讨论和一对一的咨询，而且这些对任何到场的人都是免费的。根据Facebook的说法，我们的目标是教会企业主和员工“数字技能”，使其能够经营在线业务。
51.
The results give a sense of the gender gaps in science, but Holman cautions that even when parity in publishing is reached, that shouldn’t be seen as evidence that sexism has been banished. “Just because the data say that biology is at 40 percent women, it doesn’t mean that those women aren’t facing major gender challenges in their workplaces,” he says.
参考译文：
研究结果让人感觉到了科学中的性别差距，但霍尔曼警告说，即使在出版方面实现了平等，也不应将其视为性别歧视已被消除的证据。“仅仅因为数据显示在生物学领域，女性发表的论文数量已经达到40%，这也并不意味着这些女性在其工作场所就不会面临重大的性别挑战。”他说道。
词汇突破：
1. A Give a sense of B : A 使人感觉到了B
2. caution: 提醒，告诫，警告
3. parity=equality 公平
4. sexism：性别主义，性别歧视
5. banish 消失=disappear
6. even when:即使
50.
As science produces day by day a huge volume of data, it’s a growing challenge to manage and store this information. To accelerate acceptance of what some might deem just another administrative burden, science funders and research institutions must work to streamline the process and to explain the need and benefits.
参考译文：
科学每天生产大量的数据，管理和储存这些信息是个越来越严峻的挑战。某些人很可能认为管理和储存数据是另一项行政负担，（但）（我们）要加快大家对它的接受，科学基金的管理者和研究机构就必须精简流程，并解释需求和益处。
词汇突破：
1. Accelerate：加速
2. Deem: 认为
3. administrative burden： 行政负担
4. science funders: 科学基金的提供者（管理者）（视语境而定都对）
5. streamline:（动词）使…效率更高；streamline the process:精简流程
49.
By filming the reactions and reviewing the videos frame by frame, we began to realize that the startle reflex might be an evolutionary point of origin for many of our most common human emotional expressions.
参考译文：
通过拍摄反应，并逐帧回顾视频，我们开始意识到惊吓反射可能是我们许多最常见的人类情感表达的进化起点。
48.
Consuming culture should be about delight and surprise; it should be comforting and unsettling; it should be thought-provoking and create space for self-reflection. It need not be all of these things at once, but a balanced diet helps us understand each other across social divides and make sense of the human experience. Just as we should resist outsourcing our ethical decisions to machines, we should not allow them to make cultural ones for us either. Encouraging us to make choices about cultural consumption based on path dependency, as the Netflix algorithm does, is not a neutral phenomenon.
参考译文：
文化消费应该是令人愉悦和惊奇的；它应该是令人欣慰或者感到不安的；它应该是发人深省的，并为自我反思创造空间。它不需要一次完成所有这些事情，但这些体验都得有，这样将有助于我们跨越社会鸿沟了解彼此，并理解人类的经验。正如我们应该拒绝将我们的道德决定外包给机器一样，我们也不应该允许他们为我们做出文化决定。鼓励我们根据路径依赖进行文化消费的选择，就像Netflix算法所做的那样，不是一个中立的现象。
词汇突破：
1. Consuming culture 文化消费
2. comforting and unsettling 欣慰或者不安
3. thought-provoking 发人深省
4. self-reflection 自我反思
5. a balanced diet （本意：均衡的膳食；本句含义：什么情绪都得有）
6. across social divides 跨越社会鸿沟
7. make sense of 理解，了解
8. outsource: 外包，交外办理
9. ethical 道德上的
10. cultural ones 这里的ones指代decisions;
11. not either = neither
12. just as= 正如
13. resisit doing sth: 拒绝做某事
47.
Willingham explained that whether or not readers understand a text depends far more on how much background knowledge and vocabulary they have relating to the topic than on how much they’ve practiced comprehension skills. That’s because writers leave out a lot of information that they assume readers will know. If they put all the information in, their writing would be tedious.
参考译文：
威林厄姆解释说，读者是否理解一篇文章，更多地取决于他们有多少与主题相关的背景知识和词汇，而不是他们训练了多少理解能力。这是因为作者遗漏了很多他们认为读者会知道的信息。如果他们把所有的信息都放进去，他们的写作就会很乏味。
词汇突破：
1. A depend far more on B than on C： A更多的取决于B而不是C
2. tedious 乏味，冗长
46.
Some clinics employ more clerks than providers—not just to generate invoices but to send along the patient information insurers need to approve treatments, to dispute denied payments, and on and on. For every $1 billion in revenue, the healthcare system employs the equivalent of 770 full-time people to settle the bills.
参考译文：
有些诊所雇佣的行政人员比医护人员还要多，他们不仅要开发票，还要发送保险公司需要用来审批治疗方案的病人信息，还要讨要拒付的医疗费用， 等等一系列的事情。医疗系统每收入10亿美元，就需要雇佣“相当于770位全职员工的劳动力”来完成结算工作。
词汇突破：
1. clinics 诊所
2. providers这个语境指医疗的提供者医护人员
Clerks 这里的clerks 指的是行政人员
3. along 还有，一起（加强语气）Will you come along?
Send along (这里的along 没有实际含义) = send;
Come on in= come in 是一个道理；
4. dispute 争议，提出异议
5. to settle the bills 完成结算
6. the equivalent of 相当于，表示比喻
7. not just = not only
45.
Disney, in other words, is constructing what looks to be a worthy rival to Netflix. Will this be enough to inaugurate another century of dominance? Based on its public statements and on private conversations I’ve had with Disney executives, the company’s most likely path forward is to nurture Disneyflix gradually, in an effort to ease the decline of pay-TV and film—the equivalent of saving its flooding fortress by plugging each new leak as it springs.
参考译文：
换言之，迪士尼正在打造看似能与奈飞匹敌的流媒体平台。这足以开启下个主导市场的百年么？根据迪士尼公开声明和我与迪士尼管理层的私下交谈来看，迪士尼最可能的前进之路是逐步培育Disneyflix，以缓解付费电视和电影衰落, 一出现新的漏缝就堵上。
词汇突破：
1. rival 竞争对手： worthy rival (配的上的/能匹敌的对手)
2. inaugurate 开启，开创
3. executives 管理层，执行官
4. the equivalent of 对等于，相当于，表示比喻和解释
5. flooding fortress 被洪水围困的城堡
6. plugging each new leak 堵上新漏洞
7. 固定搭配：
spring a ‘leak (of a boat or container 船舶或容器)
英文解释：（to develop a hole through which water or another liquid can pass）
出现裂缝；开裂漏水
搭配: Plug the new leak
8. Netflix ：奈飞公司（类似于中国的爱奇艺这样的流媒体视频网站）
9. in an effort to= in order to
44.
Researchers conclude that an algorithm is successful if it can identify a particular condition from such images as effectively as can pathologists and radiologists. But that alone does not mean the AI diagnostic is ready for the clinic.
参考译文：
研究者总结道，如果人工智能算法能和病理医生和放射科医师一样，在此类图片中有效识别特定疾患，这样的算法就算成功。但单靠这点并不意味着人工智能诊断已经达到临床水平。
词汇突破：
1. algorithm 算法
2. identify 确定
3. condition 病情（没想到有这个意思吧！）
4. pathologists and radiologists
（看到-ist结尾就应该知道是人了吧！病理医生和放射科医生）
5. AI diagnostic 人工智能诊断程序
6. the clinic 临床应用
43.
That same year, a Journal of Educational Psychology paper found no relationship between the study subjects’ learning-style preference (visual or auditory) and their performance on reading- or listening-comprehension tests. Instead, the visual learners performed best on all kinds of tests. Therefore, the authors concluded, teachers should stop trying to gear some lessons toward “auditory learners.” “Educators may actually be doing a disservice to auditory learners by continually accommodating their auditory learning style,” they wrote, “rather than focusing on strengthening their visual word skills.”
参考译文：
同年，教育心理学期刊的一篇论文发现实验对象的学习风格偏向（视觉或听觉）与他们的阅读或听力理解测试成绩并不相关。相反，视觉学习者在所有的测试中都是表现最好的。因此作者们总结道，老师们应该停止使课程偏向‘听觉学习者’的尝试。他们写道，“教育者持续迁就听觉学习者的学习风格，而不是加强他们的视觉文字技能，实际会对他们造成伤害。”
词汇突破：
1. preference 偏好
2. visual 视觉的
3. auditory 听觉的
4. performance 表现；成绩
5. disservice 伤害；帮倒忙
6. accommodate 迁就；使…适应;照顾，提供食宿
42.
Yet New York’s good fortune has brought with it two formidable challenges: the challenge of displacement, the product of a rental housing market that has long been starved of inventory, and of meeting the transit needs of a growing city.
参考译文：
但纽约的好运气也带来了两个棘手的难题：失所问题，这是租房市场长期库存不足的产物；以及满足城市扩张的交通需求的问题。
词汇突破：
1. fortune : 机会，运气，运势，；巨款，一大笔钱
Good fortune: 好运 = good luck
牛津例句：Fortune smiles on me. 我交了好运。
By a stroke of fortune he found work almost immediately.
他运气好，几乎立刻找到了工作。
2. with it 随之（作状语，阅读时见到一般删除，完全不影响句子意思，翻译的时候也不用翻译）
例句：This change brings with it the greater reward than financial success.
这个改变带来了比经济成功更大的回报
3. formidable：令人恐惧的，令人害怕的=dreadful
4. displacement： 取代，替换，移位，免职
牛津例子：
the largest displacement of civilian population since World War Two
自第二次世界大战以来最大规模的平民迁移。
（这里的displacement 就是迁徙的意思了，单词的含义一定是看语境的。）
今天句子中的displacement的意思是被迫迁徙，失去住所，简称：失所；
5. transit: 运输，交通=transportation； 中转
6. inventory: 库存，清单
7. be starve of sth : 缺少…
41.
But as we move away from the skinny goals of the mid-2000s and embrace different shapes and sizes, one group of campaigners has taken things a step too far. Fronted by plus-sized models and social media influencers, the fat acceptance movement aims to normalize obesity, letting everyone know that it’s fine to be fat.
参考译文：
随着我们告别00年代中期的瘦身目标，并接纳不同的身材和尺寸，一群活动者的步子迈得过了头。加大码模特和网络红人引领的“接受胖人运动”以肥胖正常化为目标，让人人都知道胖没什么不好。
词汇突破：
1. Move away from： 远离
2. skinny goal 保持瘦的目标
3. embrace 接受（本意是拥抱，但是考研英语中都是表示接受某个观点。）
4. campaigner 活动者
5. taken things a step too far 更进一步，因为加了too ,所以表示过分了
6. Fronted by 由…领导
例句：Fronted by a seasoned politician, the commission was viewed as a potential game-changer in the field.
此协会由资深政治家领导，被视为领域内的潜在变革者。（有没有感觉例句也是知识点满满啊。）
7. plus-sized models 大码模特
8. social media influencers 社交媒体上有影响力的人
9. the fat acceptance movement 这是一个活动的名字
10. aims to 目的是…
11. normalize 使…成为正常
12. obesity 肥胖
13. mid-2000s 本世纪前十年的中期（2005年左右）
40.
Assuming you’re reading this on a smartphone, you also owe a debt to Steve Jobs, who in 2006 asked Corning to make a very thin, strong screen for his new product, the iPhone. The result, Gorilla Glass, now dominates the market for mobile devices: Phones made with the fifth generation of this product can be dropped onto a rough surface from a height of five feet (selfie height) and survive 80 percent of the time.
参考译文：
假设你正在一部智能手机上阅读下面的内容，那你还得感谢斯蒂夫.乔布斯，因为2006年，乔布斯要求康宁公司为他的新产品iPhone制造一款轻薄但坚固的屏幕。这件事的结果就是，大猩猩玻璃现在主导着移动设备市场。用第五代大猩猩玻璃做成屏幕的电话从五英尺的高度，也就是通常自拍的高度，跌落到地面时，屏幕不碎的几率高达80%。
词汇突破：
1. selfie 自拍
2. owe 归因于；归功于；起源于
3. a rough surface 坚硬的平面
39.
We need to explore the experience of deep emotional connection, belonging, compensation for shame and humiliation, and purpose and mission in life – the sense of finally living a life of glory and strength and power – that provides the emotional nutrients that generate a breeding ground for young men eager and energized to prove their manhood.
参考译文：
我们需要探寻一些经历，它们能带来深刻的情感联结、归属感，补偿羞耻感，给生活以使命和目标——也就是那种终于过上了充满荣耀、力量和权势的日子的感觉。这些情感养料能为急切想要证实男子气概的的少年营造成长的基础。
词汇突破：
1. belonging 归属感
2. shame and humiliation 羞耻感
3. purpose and mission 目标和使命
4. glory 荣耀 The glory of kings (王者荣耀)
5. the emotional nutrients 情感的养分
38.
The more sophisticated science becomes, the harder it is to communicate results. Papers today depend on chains of computer programs, which tend to be both so sloppily written and so central to the results that it’s contributed to a replication crisis, or put another way, a failure of the paper to perform its most basic task: to report what you’ve actually discovered, clearly enough that someone else can discover it for themselves.
参考译文：
科学变得越高深就越难交流成果。（成果就越难传播）现在的（学术）论文依赖一系列电脑程序，不仅行文粗劣，还完全以成果为中心，以至于导致了复制危机。换言之，论文没能完成最基本的任务：足够清楚地报告实际发现，让其他人能够独立发现。
词汇突破：
1. sophisticated 复杂
2. contribute to 导致
3. replication crisis 复制的危机
4. sloppily （超纲词）草率地；= carelessly
5. chains of 一系列的
37.
Inevitably, accelerating the path to market for pharma firms involves a trade-off. It may well be better to give people the option of a treatment in five years whose efficacy is known with 80% certainty than to wait 20 years for one with 99% certainty.
参考译文：
加快药企进入市场的途径不可避免地涉及到权衡。让人们5年内能选择可知有效率达80%的药物，完全可能比用20年来等待有效率达99%的药物更好。
词汇突破：
1. Inevitably 不可避免的
2. pharma firms 医药公司
3. trade-off (名词)权衡，考虑
There is a trade-off between the benefits of the drug and the risk of side effects.
(在这种药的疗效和副作用之间有个权衡利弊的问题。)
4. the option 选择
5. efficacy 有效性
6. certainty 确定性
7. involve 涉及到
8. may well 完全可能
牛津例句：They may well win. 他们完全可能赢。
36.
There are numerous possible reasons for Johnson’s Teflon-like qualities. Perhaps the privilege of rich white men really is so pervasive that they can literally do whatever they feel like and not suffer any consequences. Perhaps the reason it’s so hard to shame Johnson is that he appears to lack the capacity to feel shame. In any case, a straw must surely break the camel’s back – and it may as well be this. If lying to the country about something so serious doesn’t return Johnson to the back benches, what will it take?
参考译文：
约翰逊有和不粘涂料一样的品质，可能的原因很多。也许，富有白人的特权真是无处不在，以致于的确可以为所欲为，而且不用承担任何后果。也许很难让约翰逊羞愧的原因是，他似乎没有感到羞愧的能力（他似乎没有羞耻感。）不管怎样，总有一根稻草会压断骆驼的脊梁，也许就是这次。如果就这么严重的事向全国人民扯谎，都不会把约翰逊推到后座议员席（撤他的职），那什么才会呢？
词汇突破：
1. Teflon-like qualities ：特氟龙一样的特质；（特氟龙是不粘锅常用的涂料）这里是个比喻，此语境下表示这个人“脸皮厚”；
2. privilege 特权
3. pervasive 盛行
4. literally （你看又遇到副词了吧）强调语气而已了。
5. shame 动词=羞辱； 名词= 羞愧；
6. back benches 后座议员席，（推回后座议员席）比喻：撤掉这个大臣的职位；
7. suffer consequences 遭受后果
35.
Whenever the nefarious consequences of their profit models are exposed, tech companies essentially reply, “don’t regulate us, we’ll improve our behaviour”. But self-regulation is simply not working well enough, especially when we have no way of knowing whether tweaking algorithms makes matters better or worse.
参考译文：
每当他们的盈利模式的邪恶后果被揭露的时候，科技公司基本都会这样回应：“不要监管我们，我们会改进我们的行为”。但是，自我调节的效果并不理想，特别是当我们无法知道调整算法是使事情变得更好还是更糟的时候。
词汇突破：
1. nefarious =（ immoral= unethical=evil 但这三个词需要认识）
2. tweak 调整 =adjust
3. profit models 盈利模式
34.
The recent revelations concerning Cambridge Analytica and Aggregate IQ, and their involvement in the referendum are serious and troubling. Next to the fact that the government hasn’t consulted the public at all on the kind of Brexit it wants, evidence of possible cheating and unethical practices further undermine the referendum’s legitimacy.
参考译文：
最近对于剑桥分析和Aggregate IQ事件的爆料，以及关于他们在全民公投中的参与情况的披露，确实令人感到事态严重。政府完全没有询问过公众想要什么类型的脱欧，除此之外，可能有欺骗行为存在的证据以及不道德的行为也进一步破坏了全民公投的合理性。
词汇突破：
1. revelation 曝光
2. concerning 关于
3. referendum 全民公投
4. Next to 除开
5. involvement 参与
6. consult 咨询
7. unethical practices 不道德的行为
8. undermine 破坏
9. legitimacy 合理性，正确性，合法性（名词）；其形容词为：legitimate
33.
Of course, knowing when to feel bad and what to do about it are things we could all benefit from. Malti’s research may focus on kids, but guilt is a core human emotion—an inevitability for people of every age. And she believes that it has the potential to be especially helpful now, in a world that is growing more divided and atomized.
参考译文：
当然，知道什么时候该感觉内疚和该做什么，这些都是我们可以受益的事情。马尔蒂的研究可能集中在儿童身上，但内疚感是人类的核心情感——是任何年龄层的人的必然。她认为，现在，在一个日益分裂和分裂的世界中，内疚感可能特别有益。
词汇突破：
1. Guilt 内疚（形容词）； 名词（guilty,当然这个单词还有有罪的意思）
2. a core human emotion 核心的人类情感
3. inevitability 不可避免
4. potential 潜力
5. helpful 有用
6. divided and atomized 两个单词都是分裂的意思；表示强调；
（atomized使分裂为原子；使粉碎；）
32.
Plus, teachers in a number of states have far fewer union protections than they had in previous years. Indeed, the share of teachers in a union has fallen to less than half, driven in part by older, unionized teachers retiring, the rise of certain districts’ reliance on charters and other private education options, and legal changes that have curtailed the ability of unions to bargain on behalf of workers.
参考译文：
另外，许多州的教师受的工会保护少于前几年。实际上，只有不到一半的老师加入工会；部分原因是：1. 年龄较大的，加入工会的教师退休陆续退休。2. 某些区域越来越依赖委办学校以及其他私立教育选。3.立法变化削弱了工会代表员工谈判的能力。
词汇突破：
1. Plus 另外
2. in a number of 许多
3. previous years 前些年
4. driven in part by 部分原因是…
fueled in part by 部分原因是…
prompted in part by 部分原因是…
5. curtail 减少，削减
6. bargain 谈判，协商
31.
“Data on who holds the anonymous currencies are hard to find,” Hannah Kuchler explains in the Financial Times, “but Uphold, a virtual currency wallet service that does background checks on its users, says 75 percent are men, while Coin Dance, which tracks statistics on the bitcoin community, found 97 percent of engagement was from men.
参考译文：
Hannah Kuchler在金融时报上这样解释道：“关于谁持有匿名货币的数据很难获得，但是，Uphold这家虚拟货币钱包服务公司，对其用户的背景进行调查，得出结论75%的持有者是男性。同时，Coin Dance这家公司在比特币社区进行数据跟踪，发现97%的活动参与是来自男性的。
词汇突破：
1. anonymous currencies：不记名的货币
2. virtual currency 虚拟货币
3. while: 这里的while就是与此同时的意思（因为前后意思一致）
4. bitcoin community ：比特币社区
5. engagement 参与
30.
Accusing the U.S. Postal Service of being Amazon’s delivery boy is kind of funny, since delivering things is the business of the post office. But the idea that Amazon is getting a subsidy is not original to Trump.
参考译文：
指责美国邮政充当亚马逊的快递员是一件搞笑的事，因为快递东西本来就是邮政的业务。认为亚马逊在获取（政府）补贴的想法并不是特朗普的原创。
词汇突破：
1. Accuse ： 指责 accuse A of B 指责A是B
2. U.S. Postal Service 美国邮政服务
3. delivering things 快递的事情
4. subsidy 补贴
5. original 原创
29.
According to one scholarly definition, something is humorous if people cognitively appraise it as funny, if it creates “the positive emotion of amusement,” or if it produces laughter. But while the average adult laughs 18 times a day, laughter isn’t a reliable indicator. Researchers found only 10 to 20 percent of remarks that prompted laughter to be remotely funny.
参考译文：
依据一个学究气的定义，如果人们在认知上评价一件事有趣，如果一件事能营造积极的兴味、情感，或者能带来笑声，那么它就是幽默的。但虽然平均每个成年人每天要笑18次，笑并不是个可靠的指标。研究者发现这些让人笑的言论中只有百分之十到二十有那么一点有趣。
词汇突破：
1. scholarly：学究气的
2. cognitively：认知上地
3. appraise：评估
4. remotely: 一点点
5. laughter 笑声
6. prompt 导致，促进
7. remotely 一点点（表示程度低）
8. remark 言论
28.
The globalization of the economy has at the same time turned American corporations into multinational enterprises with interests that do sometimes run counter to those of their home country.
参考译文：
同时，经济全球化又使美国公司成为具有有时与其母国利益相违背的利益的跨国企业。
词汇突破：
1. The globalization of the economy：经济全球化
2. multinational enterprises 跨国企业
3. counter to 逆向地，反向地，相反地
（run counter to: 违反）
27.
How did large firms go from being a symbol of American strength to being the object of almost universal scorn? A series of high-profile corporate scandals certainly hasn’t burnished the image of Big Business. Nor has the rise of the shareholder-value movement, which tolerates no mission other than producing profits, preferably in the near term.
参考译文：
大企业是怎么从美国力量的符号沦落到众人鄙夷的地步？一系列引人注目的公司丑闻当然不能提升大企业的形象。股东价值运动的兴起更是如此，它的唯一使命就是图利，而且喜欢短期见效。
词汇突破：
1. universal scorn 普遍的嘲讽
2. object 对象
3. high-profile 广受人们关注的；高调的
反义词：low profile (低调的)
4. burnish 改善，提升，打磨，抛光=polish
（常用搭配：burnish the image= polish the image 提升形象）
5. the rise of 兴起，崛起
6. tolerate 允许，容许，忍受
7. other than 除了
8. mission 任务
9. preferably 更愿意地
10. in the near term 短期
26.
Each of the recent mass shootings in the U.S. have followed a similar pattern—after the killings, there’s a nationwide pang of sadness, a hot flash of anger; but then, after several days of thoughts and prayer and Facebook debates, the conversation dies down. This one, though, seems to have had more staying power.
参考译文：
最近美国的大规模枪击事件都遵循着类似的模式：枪杀之后举国哀痛群情激愤，紧接着数日深思、祈祷和脸书争论，然后热度慢慢退却。但这次的影响力貌似更持久。
词汇突破：
1. pang of sth: 一阵…
Pang of regret/jealousy/pain/sadness/ hunger
2. flash of sth: …闪现
Flash of inspiration/brilliance/insight/ anger
A flash in the pan: 昙花一现
3. prayer: 祈祷
4. die down 减弱；平息
The gossip will soon die down.
流言蜚语不久就会平息的；
5. staying power 持续的影响力
24.
I’ve referred to this bargain, in which people get content and services for free in exchange for having persuasive messages psychographically targeted to them, as the “original sin” of the internet. It’s a terrible model that survives only because we haven’t found another way to reliably support most internet content and services—including getting individuals to pay for the things they claim to value.
参考译文：
我认为这种协议就是互联网的原罪，在这个协议中，人们授受人格特性指向的劝诱信息，来交换免费的内容和服务。这种糟糕的模式继续维持只因我们没有找到其他支持大多数互联网内容和服务的可靠方式，包括让个人为自己声称重视的东西付费。
词汇突破：
1. refer to A as B 认为A是B
2. bargain 交易，协议（讨价还价，便宜货，好买卖）
3. content and services 内容和服务
4. in exchange for 换来…
5. persuasive messages 说服性的信息
6. psychographically 心理图案地，人格特性地…（这是一个心理分析方法，一般用于性格和行为习惯的描述）
7. targeted to 以…为目标
8. original sin 原罪
9. survive 存在
10. reliably 可靠地
11. claim 声称
12. value （动词）珍惜
23.
The agreement—along with the prospect of policy solutions to the educators’ other demands—brought to a close a teachers’ strike that had kept K–12 classrooms across all the state’s 55 counties closed for nine school days. Even though the West Virginia walkout is over, however, observers suspect that it has jump-started a national movement that could have lasting implications for the country’s schools.
参考译文：
这一次的协定以及可能解决教育者的其他需求的政策结束了这场教师罢工，这场罢工使该州55个县的所有K12班级停课达九天。但是即使西弗吉尼亚的罢工已经结束了，观察者依然认为这次的罢工快速启动了一场全国性的运动，这次运动对于美国的学校而言有着持续的影响。
词汇突破：
1. along with= and= coupled with = combined with
2. prospect 前景
3. policy solution 政策解决手段
4. bring A to a close = bring to a close A（结束A）
5. strike= walkout 罢工
6. jump-start 快速启动
7. lasting implication 持续的影响和意义
8. suspect+句子 = believe;
Doubt+句子= don’t believe
Suspect+ 名词= doubt +名词= don’t believe
（这个考点很重要，一定记住！ ）
9. K12 这是一个比较流行的术语（指从Kindergarten 幼儿园到小学，初中到高中的12年），也就是大学前的所有年级。
22.
The Facebook CEO broke his five-day silence on the scandal that has enveloped his company this week in a Facebook post acknowledging that the policies that allowed the misuse of data were a breach of trust between Facebook and the people who share their data with us and expect us to protect it.
参考译文：
Facebook首席执行官发了一条Facebook状态，打破了五天以来的沉默，回应了本周笼罩着整个公司的丑闻。他承认，允许滥用数据的政策破坏了Facebook与用户之间的信任，“这些用户和我们分享了数据，并且希望我们保护这些数据。”
词汇突破：
1. scandal 丑闻
2. envelop （动词）覆盖；包裹；笼罩 envelope (名词) 信封
(mountain peaks enveloped in mist 笼罩在薄雾里的群峰)
3. acknowledge 承认
4. misuse 滥用
5. breach 破坏
21.
The reports allege that Cambridge Analytica was passed data collected by Global Science Research using a psychological survey app for research. It used the data to create profiles on respondents and their friends, which were used for political targeting without consent.
参考译文：
相关报道称，全球科学研究(Global Science Research)使用一款用于研究的心理调查app收集了一些数据。剑桥分析获得了这些数据。剑桥分析利用这些数据创建了被调查者及其朋友们的档案，而这些档案在未征得同意的情况下被用于政治目标定向。
词汇突破：
1. Allege 声称
2. A is passed B (A 获得了B)
3. profile 档案
4. a psychological survey app for research 用于研究的心理调查应用程序
5. respondent 受调查者
6. political targeting 政治目标定向（调查你支持哪个党派）
7. consent 同意
20.
With only a fortnight left before the deadline, not even a third of companies, charities and public bodies have met their legal requirement to publish figures on their gender pay gaps.
参考译文：
还有两周就到最后期限了，但是只有不到三分之一的公司，慈善组织和公共机构按法律要求公布性别工资差距数据。
词汇突破：
1. Fortnight 14天（两周）
2. deadline 最后期限
3. not even a third 不到三分之一
4. charities and public bodies 慈善组织和公共机构
5. legal requirement 法律上的要求
6. gender pay gaps 性别工资差距
19.
The effects were substantial: A predominantly non-white neighborhood’s chance of gentrification more than doubles, jumping from 18 percent to 40 percent when magnet and charter schools are available.
The study found no impact of the open-enrollment initiatives that allow students to cross school-district lines to attend school. Voucher programs, perhaps the most divisive of the school-choice options, had mixed effects.
参考译文：
影响是十分显著：当能就读特色学校（1）和契约学校（3）时，绝对的非白人社区贵族化的概率增加了一倍有余，从18%上升至40%。
研究发现，允许学生跨片区入学的“开放入学倡议”（4）无甚效果。教育券计划（2）—也许是最受争议的择校政策，同样作用不大。
词汇突破：
1. Predominately non-white neighborhood 绝对的非白人化社区
2. The study found no impact of A： 研究发现A没有影响；
3. Voucher programs 优惠券计划
4. Divisive 具有争议性的
18.
He thinks the apps should spread out drivers on different routes intentionally, which would require collaboration among the mapping apps. Given the cutthroat nature of competition in Silicon Valley, that’s a tough sell, but it might help bring down the price of anarchy.
参考译文：
他认为，各导航应用程序应该有意将司机规划到不同的路线，（当然）这样就他们需要彼此配合。考虑到硅谷竞争的残酷本质，这个想法很难实现。不过，这样做确实有助于降低混乱的损耗。
词汇突破：
1. spread out… on… 把…分散到…
2. collaboration 协作
3. mapping apps 导航应用软件
4. cutthroat 残酷的
5. bring down 降低
6. tough sell 直译（艰难的销售）实际含义：（很难接受的观点）；
7. the price of anarchy 混乱带来的损耗（代价）
17.
In 2009, the country nearly brought down the eurozone and came close to exiting the EU after admitting it had lied about the size of its deficit. The official dishonesty, coupled with deep-seated corruption, spooked foreign lenders and defied core EU values of integrity in governance.
参考译文：
2009年希腊承认就赤字规模撒谎之后，几乎带垮欧元区，而且差点退出欧盟。官方不诚信加上根深蒂固的腐败，吓坏了外国放贷人，并挑衅了欧盟廉正治理的价值观。
词汇突破：
1. bring down 拖垮
2. the size of deficit 赤字规模
3. deep-seated 根深蒂固
4. spook （动词）吓；（名词）间谍
5. defy 反对，对…提出挑战
6. integrity 正直；廉洁
7. coupled with= and
8. come close to 接近
16.
Regulators worry that this novel fund-raising method is allowing people to ignore the rules that are supposed to protect investors. The financial authorities around the world have been promising to crack down on coin offerings, which rose out of nowhere last year to become a popular way for start-ups to raise tens of millions of dollars, sometimes in minutes.
参考译文：
监管者担心这种新型的筹资方法会使人们无视那些本应保护投资者的规定。全球的金融管理者均许诺打击代币发行。代币发行去年突然出现，成为创业企业筹资的流行方式，有时不到一小时就能筹集数千万美元。
词汇突破：
1. Regulators 监管者
2. fund-raising method 资金募集手段
3. ignore 忽视
4. The financial authorities 金融监管部门
5. crack down on （短语）制裁
6. coin offerings 代币发行
7. rise out of nowhere 突然出现
8. start-ups 创业企业
15.
The state scrapped the proposal, but it remains a sign of the times: As employers aim to trim costs and boost productivity, workers face increasing encouragement to purchase and use mobile devices, don wearables, and even accept electronic implants, all while being assured that the new tools are serving their best interests.
参考译文：
州政府否定了这个提案，但这提案依然是一个时期的标志：随着雇主们为了控制成本和提高生产力，工人们将越来越多的被鼓励去购买和使用移动设备，甚至鼓励接受电子植入设备。与此同时，工人们也得到保证，这些新的设备一定是为了工人们的利益。
词汇突破：
1. scrapped the proposal 否决提议
2. trim costs 控制成本
3. don （动词）穿，戴
4. wearables (名词) 可穿戴设备
5. purchase 购买
6. implant 植入
7. assure 确保
8. all while 与此同时
9. wage economy 薪水经济（靠工资生活的人群）
14.
It is not hard to see why growth has slowed. There is no artificial boost from the housing market; austerity will continue for the rest of this parliament through welfare cuts and curbs on Whitehall departmental spending; and consumer spending has suffered owing to rising prices caused by the post-referendum fall in the value of the pound.
参考译文：
增长放缓的原因显而易见。房地产市场没有提供人为助力；财政紧缩仍会在本届国会的余下任期内持续，社会福利和白厅开支将被削减；公投后的英镑贬值导致物价上涨，居民消费因之下挫。
13.
For fellow scientists and loved ones, it was Hawking’s intuition and wicked sense of humor that marked him out as much as the broken body and synthetic voice that came to symbolize the unbounded possibilities of the human mind.
参考译文：
对于科学家同行和亲人来说，令霍金与众不同的不仅是他瘫痪的身体和合成的声音（它们已经成了人类心智潜能无限的象征），还有他的直觉和坏坏的幽默感。
词汇突破：
1. fellow scientists 科学家同行
2. loved ones 亲人们（爱我们的人）
3. intuition 直觉
4. mark sb out 使谁出类拔萃/与众不同
5. synthetic voice 合成的声音
6. unbounded possibilities 无限可能
7. symbolize 象征
12.
The proposed changes follow widespread criticism from opponents of the law, including free speech campaigners and the Association of German Journalists, who say the threat of hefty fines is prompting internet firms to err on the side of caution and block more content than is necessary.
参考译文：
修正提议是随着该法反对者的广泛批评而提出来的，这些反对者包括言论自由活动家和德国记者协会。他们表示，巨额罚金的威胁使互联网企业一味求稳，屏蔽比所需更多的内容。
词汇突破：
1. proposed 提议的
2. widespread 广泛传播的
3. opponents 反对者
4. campaigners 活动人士
5. hefty fines 巨额罚款
6. err on the side of caution 宁愿过于谨慎也不要冒险犯错
7. block 屏蔽
11.
These problems have proliferated because of the concentration of power in the hands of a few platforms – including Facebook, Google, and Twitter – which “control which ideas and opinions are seen and shared”.
参考译文：
这些问题已经加剧和扩散了，因为权力集中到了少数几个平台手中–包括脸书、谷歌和推特–这些平台“控制着哪些想法和观点被看到和分享”。
词汇突破：
1. proliferate 扩散，猛增，加剧
2. concentration 集中
10.
The combination of careers advice and psychological counselling was “a bizarre hybrid of a job”, and one very few people are employed by the NHS to do – but she wishes there were more.
参考译文：
职业咨询和心理咨询的结合是“一种奇怪的混合工作”，只有极少数人受雇于NHS（国家健康医疗服务系统）来从事这项工作–但她希望能有更多人能从事这项工作。
词汇突破：
1. Bizarre 奇怪
2. hybrid 混合，组合 （混合动力的汽车在车尾就会有这词）
3. counsel 咨询
4. one very few 很少 类似奇怪的量词有（many a = many 很多）
还有一个更奇怪的短语：A great deal= very
9.
It is worth noting, too, a day after International Women’s Day, that this is a war on women: those in public sector or low-paid private sector jobs are disproportionately likely to be women who have borne the brunt of government cuts. What most scares the vested interests and the political party who represents them are workers joining the dots: realising that their own struggles cannot be divorced from the injustices suffered by others.
参考译文：
同样值得注意的是，就在国际妇女节的第二天，（就发起了）一场针对妇女的战争：那些在公共部门或低收入私营部门工作的人大多数都是妇女，而且她们在政府削减计划的影响中首当其冲。最令既得利益者和代表他们的政党感到恐惧的是工人们团结起来了：认识到他们自己的斗争不能脱离其他人所遭受的不公的。
词汇突破：
1. bear the brunt of 或者是take the brunt of 在…中首当其冲（disaster unemployment；）
2. scare 使…害怕
3. the vested interests 既得利益
4. joining the dots 字面含义就是“连点”在这个语境下应该是团结起来的意思。
5. divorce from 把…完全分开，彻底分割
6. public sector 公共部门
7. disproportionately 不符合比例的
8.
What starts with an “o”, has an “s” in the middle, and ends with death? If you like crosswords and puzzles, you’ll love the posters that have been springing up around the country in the last few days.The word with the missing letters, is, of course, “obesity”. “OB__S____Y is a cause of cancer”, says the poster.
参考译文：
什么是以O字母开头，中间字母是S，而结尾是死亡。如果你喜欢猜字或者猜谜游戏，你会喜欢上最近几天在全国各地出现的这些宣传海报的。缺失字母的单词当然是“肥胖”这个词。海报是这样写道的：肥胖是癌症的原因。
词汇突破：
1. crosswords and puzzles 猜字和猜谜游戏
2. Poster 海报
3. spring up 突然兴起；迅速出现
4. obesity 肥胖
7.
But in its own, much less high-profile way, Britain’s classical music world is making strides towards unravelling a situation that has seen a centuries-long dominance of its ranks of musicians, conductors and composers by one particular group: white men.
参考译文：
但是，英国古典音乐界以其自身不那么高调的方式，正朝着打破一种局面的方向迈进了一大步，这种局面已经持续了几个世纪：一群特定的人—白人男性—在音乐人、指挥家和作曲家的群体中处于统治地位。
词汇突破：
1. unravel 打破，改变
2. high-profile 高调
3. stride 大步 （make stride 大步前进）
4. dominance 统治地位
5. musicians, conductors and composers 音乐人、指挥家和作曲家
6. ranks of 群体，团体
6.
A businessman who the Guardian has reported has launched a legal attempt to erase online articles about his criminal conviction in the first “right to be forgotten” case in the English courts should not be allowed to rewrite history, lawyers representing Google have said.
参考译文：
据卫报报道，有位商人试图通过法律手段在英国法院受理的第一起“被遗忘权”案件中删除网上关于他刑事定罪的文章。代表谷歌的律师表示，这位商人不应被允许改写历史。
5.
The strike by academics, librarians and administrators over proposals to radically restructure their pensions, which the University and College Union claims will cost staff £10,000 a year after retirement, are scheduled to restart next week at about 60 universities.
参考译文：
英国学者、图书馆工作人员和行政管理人员举行罢工，反对大幅调整养老金的提案。大学和学院工会称此举会令员工退休后每年损失1万英镑。罢工，计划下周在60所大学重启。
4.
Guillermo del Toro’s escapist fantasy-romance The Shape of Water was the biggest winner, the story of a young woman’s love for a captured sea creature — with best picture and best director, setting the official seal of approval on what is, by any measure, a beautifully made movie to which audiences have responded with distinctively sensual delight.
参考译文：
吉尔摩·德尔·托罗的逃避主义奇幻爱情片《水形物语》是最大赢家，将最佳影片和最佳导演奖收入囊中，可谓盖上了官方认可的戳。影片讲述了一个女子爱上被捕海兽的故事。从任何角度看，这部电影制作精美，让观众体验了与众不同的感官愉悦。
3.
Studies show that superagers appear to be more resilient to the slings and arrows of life, and are more extroverted and less neurotic. But they have also made another discovery.
参考译文：
研究显示，“超级老人”更容易从生活的刀枪箭雨中恢复过来，性格更外向、更不那么神经质。但他们也有另一项发现。
词汇突破：
1. Superagers：特别长寿之人（老寿星）
2. Resilient：适应性强的，能迅速恢复的 （褒义词）
3. Extrovert：性格外向，活泼自信的（中性或褒义）；反义词：introverted (性格内向)
4. neurotic: 神经质的 （中性或者贬义）
2.
Not only did she call a needless general election; she also led the poorest campaign in living memory, alarming loyal Tory voters and alienating everyone else. If she’s now at the mercy of Arlene Foster, Jacob Rees-Mogg or Anna Soubry, that is very largely her own doing.
参考译文：
她不仅发起了一场毫无必要的大选。她还领导了这场人们记忆中最糟糕的选举活动。如果她现在受到Arlene Foster, Jacob Rees-Mogg 和Anna Soubry的摆布，在很大程度上就是她自己咎由自取。
词汇突破：
1. campaign 活动 （在这里指的是竞选活动）
2. in living memory 在人们的记忆中
3. loyal Tory voters 最忠诚的保守党拥护者 tory= conservative 保守党
4. alienate 使…疏远
5. at the mercy of 受到摆布
1.
In an open meeting with congressional Democrats and Republicans, Trump embraced raising the age limit on purchasing certain weapons and suggested that law enforcement should be allowed to confiscate people’s guns before going through due process in a court.
参考译文：
在与国会的民主党和共和党人的公开会晤中，特朗普接受了提高购买某种武器的年龄限制并且建议应该允许执法人员在法庭的必要程序之前就没收人们的枪支。
词汇突破：
1. Democrats 民主党人
2. Republicans 共和党人
3. confiscate 没收
4. due 应有的
5. purchase 购买
6. congressional 国会的
7. embrace 接受