37--Spring 基于tx标签和基于@Transactional注解的声明式事物介绍

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上一节中已经对Spring事物的一些基本概念和核心接口做了简介,并且演示了编程式事物实现,接下来介绍Spring中的另一种事物管理实现–声明式事物

其底层建立在 AOP 的基础之上,对方法前后进行拦截,然后在目标方法开始之前创建或者加入一个事务,在执行完目标方法之后根据执行情况提交或者回滚事务。通过声明式事物,无需在业务逻辑代码中掺杂事务管理的代码,只需在配置文件中做相关的事务规则声明(或通过等价的基于标注的方式),便可以将事务规则应用到业务逻辑中。

声明式事物的实现方式有很多种,例如基于TransactionInterceptor、TransactionProxyFactoryBean、tx标签、Transactional注解等等。下面我们演示一下tx标签和Transactional的使用,为接下来的源码分析做好准备。

1.基于tx标签的声明式事物
  • bean
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day08;

/**
 * 账户接口
 * @author: LiYanChao
 * @create: 2018-11-07 18:38
 */
public interface AccountServiceImp {
	void save() throws RuntimeException;
}
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day08;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

/**
 * 账户接口实现
 * @author: LiYanChao
 * @create: 2018-11-07 18:39
 */
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountServiceImp {

	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

	private static String insert_sql = "insert into account(balance) values (100)";


	@Override
	public void save() throws RuntimeException {
		System.out.println("==开始执行sql");
		jdbcTemplate.update(insert_sql);
		System.out.println("==结束执行sql");

		System.out.println("==准备抛出异常");
		throw new RuntimeException("==手动抛出一个异常");
	}

	public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
		this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
	}
}
  • 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	   xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd">

	<!--事物管理器-->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>

	<!--数据源-->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
		<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_test?useSSL=false&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
		<property name="username" value="root"/>
		<property name="password" value="liyanchao1989@"/>
	</bean>

	<!--jdbcTemplate-->
	<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>

	<!--业务bean-->
	<bean id="accountService" class="com.lyc.cn.v2.day08.AccountServiceImpl">
		<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
	</bean>

	<!--tx标签配置-->
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="save*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
			<tx:method name="delete*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
			<tx:method name="update*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
			<tx:method name="query*" propagation="REQUIRED"/>
			<tx:method name="*" read-only="true"/>
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>
	
	<!--aop配置-->
	<aop:config>
		<aop:pointcut id="txPointcut" expression="execution(* com.lyc.cn.v2.day08..*.*(..))"/>
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="txPointcut"/>
	</aop:config>

</beans>
  • 测试类及结果
@Test
public void test2() {
    // 基于tx标签的声明式事物
    ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("v2/day08.xml");
    AccountServiceImp studentService = ctx.getBean("accountService", AccountServiceImp.class);
    studentService.save();
}
==开始执行sql
==结束执行sql
==准备抛出异常

java.lang.RuntimeException: ==手动抛出一个异常

	at com.lyc.cn.v2.day08.AccountServiceImpl.save(AccountServiceImpl.java:24)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

测试方法中手动抛出了一个异常,Spring会自动回滚事物,查看数据库可以看到并没有新增记录。

2.基于@Transactional注解的声明式事物
  • bean
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day09;

import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

/**
 * 账户接口
 * @author: LiYanChao
 * @create: 2018-11-07 18:38
 */
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED)
public interface AccountServiceImp {
	void save() throws RuntimeException;
}
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day09;

import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;

/**
 * 账户接口实现
 * @author: LiYanChao
 * @create: 2018-11-07 18:39
 */
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountServiceImp {

	private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;

	private static String insert_sql = "insert into account(balance) values (100)";


	@Override
	public void save() throws RuntimeException {
		System.out.println("==开始执行sql");
		jdbcTemplate.update(insert_sql);
		System.out.println("==结束执行sql");

		System.out.println("==准备抛出异常");
		throw new RuntimeException("==手动抛出一个异常");
	}

	public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
		this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
	}
}
  • 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	   xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	   xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
	   xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">

	<!--开启tx注解-->
	<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

	<!--事物管理器-->
	<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>

	<!--数据源-->
	<bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource">
		<property name="driverClassName" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"/>
		<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_test?useSSL=false&amp;useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=UTF-8"/>
		<property name="username" value="root"/>
		<property name="password" value="liyanchao1989@"/>
	</bean>

	<!--jdbcTemplate-->
	<bean id="jdbcTemplate" class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>

	<!--业务bean-->
	<bean id="accountService" class="com.lyc.cn.v2.day09.AccountServiceImpl">
		<property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate"/>
	</bean>

</beans>
  • 测试及结果
package com.lyc.cn.v2.day09;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author: LiYanChao
 * @create: 2018-11-07 18:45
 */
public class MyTest {

	@Test
	public void test1() {
		// 基于tx标签的声明式事物
		ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("v2/day09.xml");
		AccountServiceImp studentService = ctx.getBean("accountService", AccountServiceImp.class);
		studentService.save();
	}
}
==开始执行sql
==结束执行sql
==准备抛出异常

java.lang.RuntimeException: ==手动抛出一个异常

	at com.lyc.cn.v2.day09.AccountServiceImpl.save(AccountServiceImpl.java:24)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
	at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
	at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
	at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)

测试方法中手动抛出了一个异常,Spring会自动回滚事物,查看数据库可以看到并没有新增记录。

3.总结

以上两种方式都比较简单,只要配置正确就可以,当然很多细节并没有分析到,感兴趣的同学可以参考Spring的官方文档查看更多的细节化的配置,接下来我们就分析基于@Transactional注解的声明式事物的的源码实现。

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转载自blog.csdn.net/lyc_liyanchao/article/details/83960698