Java Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS协议发送POST/GET请求

JAVA Socket 实现HTTP与HTTPS客户端发送POST与GET方式请求

        哇,一看标题怎么这么长啊,其实意思很简单,哥讨厌用HTTP Client做POST与GET提交觉得那个毕竟是别人写得API库,所以我就自己实现了一个简单的HTTP客户端,支持POST方式提交数据,GET方式查询数据,是测试Restful API比较方便点,然后支持form与JSON两种方式提交数据,当然也支持返回数据为JSON格式.当然这些东西都是基于JAVA Socket直接完成的,不借助任何第三方的库,主要是JDK的API其实已经够用啦. 当然我也没有用URLConnect这个东西,毕竟它在Socket基础上又包装了一下,有违我写这篇文章的目的.

        好啦,讲完理由,下面就说说要怎么样才能实现啊,光说不练假把式啊!大致分了几个步骤

        一:当然是要知道HTTP协议,知道常用的HTTP请求头,比如Host, Accept, Content-Type 知道HTTP协议支持的方法,常用有GET/POST/PUT/DELETE等如果不知道,也不用担心,我保证你读完这篇文章,你就知道一些啦,当然有个最好的参考文档就是HTTP相关的RFC文档,认真读一下肯定解决你自己心中的HTTP那些疑惑

       二: 知道发送HTTP GET与POST格式很重要, 固定的格式如下:

       [REQUEST]<SP><URL><SP>[HTTP VERSION]<CLRF>

       [REQUEST HEADER: ]<SP>[VALUE]<CLRF>

       可以有多个请求头

       最后<CLRF>

       发送完HTTP请求头部以后, 针对不同请求如POST要发送内容部分,发送完成以后同样，以<CLRF>结尾.

       解释: <SP>表示空格, <CLRF>表示回车换行JAVA中表示为”\r\n”REQUEST表示HTTP请求命令,可以为POST, GET, PUT, DELETE等之一，HTTP VERSION的常见可能值为HTTP/1.1或者HTTP/1.0

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     三: 如果1与2的知识你都具备了,下面就来介绍一下JAVA Socket的相关知识，如何创建一个JAVA客户端套接字Socket s = new Socket()如此即可,简单吧!如何连接到远程的主机与端口, 当提供URL字符串时候,可以这么做

   URL url = new URL(“http://blog.csdn.net/jia20003”);

   String host = url.getHost;

   int port = url.getDefaultPort();

  SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);

   s.connect(dest);

   即可连接到远程主机,下面就可以请求文章内容了, 也很容易的

[java]  view plain copy

1. String path = "/jia20003/article/details/16908661";  
2. SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);  
3. socket.connect(dest);  
4. OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());  
5. bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);  
6. bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");  
7. bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");  
8. bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
9. bufferedWriter.flush();  

最后也是最重要的一点,字符编码,尽量都用同一种字符编码来发 送请求数据,推荐使用utf-8测试程序, 我写两个简单的PHP文件放 在wamp server上,完成对全部代码的测试。

四:关于HTTP与HTTPS

        HTTP协议是位于第四层协议TCP之上完成的应用层协议, 端到端都是明文传送,别人一旦网络抓包以后都可以看到你的提交与请求数据,这个好像不太安全. HTTP协议的默认端口是80这个是RFC文档声明的,属于官方标准,没什么道理可以讲.HTTPS是基于SSL加密传输的,这样别人截获你的数据包破解的概率要小一点,比HTTP安全一点,其默认端口是443, 好像QQ邮箱与谷歌的WEB Mail邮箱都是基于HTTPS. 但是HTTPS通信方式只是传输数据加密,都客户端来说是透明的,它还是一样要遵守HTTP协议规范来发送POST与GET请求等.完整的测试程序如下:

http协议实现：

[java]  view plain copy

1. package com.gloomyfish.http.client;  
2.   
3. import java.io.BufferedInputStream;  
4. import java.io.BufferedReader;  
5. import java.io.BufferedWriter;  
6. import java.io.IOException;  
7. import java.io.InputStreamReader;  
8. import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;  
9. import java.net.InetSocketAddress;  
10. import java.net.Socket;  
11. import java.net.SocketAddress;  
12. import java.net.URLEncoder;  
13.   
14. public class TestDemo {  
15.     private int port;  
16.     private String host;  
17.     private Socket socket;  
18.     private BufferedReader bufferedReader;  
19.     private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;  
20.     public TestDemo(String host, int port) {  
21.         socket = new Socket();  
22.         this.host = host;  
23.         this.port = port;  
24.     }  
25.       
26.     public void sendGet() throws IOException  
27.     {  
28.         String path = "/zhigang/getDemo.php";  
29.         SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);  
30.         socket.connect(dest);  
31.         OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());  
32.         bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);  
33.           
34.         bufferedWriter.write("GET " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");  
35.         bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");  
36.         bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
37.         bufferedWriter.flush();  
38.           
39.         BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());  
40.         bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));  
41.         String line = null;  
42.         while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)  
43.         {  
44.             System.out.println(line);  
45.         }  
46.         bufferedReader.close();  
47.         bufferedWriter.close();  
48.         socket.close();  
49.     }  
50.       
51.     public void sendPost() throws IOException  
52.     {  
53.         String path = "/zhigang/postDemo.php";  
54.         String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("gloomyfish", "utf-8") + "&" +  
55.                         URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");  
56.         // String data = "name=zhigang_jia";  
57.         SocketAddress dest = new InetSocketAddress(this.host, this.port);  
58.         socket.connect(dest);  
59.         OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");  
60.         bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);  
61.           
62.         bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");  
63.         bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");  
64.         bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");  
65.         bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");  
66.         bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
67.         bufferedWriter.write(data);  
68.           
69.         bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");  
70.         bufferedWriter.flush();  
71.           
72.         BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());  
73.         bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));  
74.         String line = null;  
75.         while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)  
76.         {  
77.             System.out.println(line);  
78.         }  
79.         bufferedReader.close();  
80.         bufferedWriter.close();  
81.         socket.close();  
82.     }  
83.       
84.     public static void main(String[] args)  
85.     {  
86.         TestDemo td = new TestDemo("127.0.0.1",8099);  
87.         try {  
88.             // td.sendGet(); //send HTTP GET Request  
89.               
90.             td.sendPost(); // send HTTP POST Request  
91.         } catch (IOException e) {  
92.             // TODO Auto-generated catch block  
93.             e.printStackTrace();  
94.         }  
95.     }  
96.   
97.  

想要成为支持HTTPS客户端, 只要在创建Socket的时候如下:

socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, port); 

https协议实现：

package zmx.socket.http;  
  
import java.io.BufferedInputStream;  
import java.io.BufferedReader;  
import java.io.BufferedWriter;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.InputStreamReader;  
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;  
import java.net.Socket;  
import java.net.URLEncoder;  
  
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocket;  
import javax.net.ssl.SSLSocketFactory;  
  
public class SocketForHttpTest {  
      
    private int port;  
    private String host;  
    private Socket socket;  
    private BufferedReader bufferedReader;  
    private BufferedWriter bufferedWriter;  
      
    public SocketForHttpTest(String host,int port) throws Exception{  
          
        this.host = host;  
        this.port = port;  
          
        /**  
         * http协议  
         */  
        //socket = new Socket(this.host, this.port);  
  
        /**  
         * https协议  
         */  
        socket = (SSLSocket)((SSLSocketFactory)SSLSocketFactory.getDefault()).createSocket(this.host, this.port);  
          
          
    }  
      
    public void sendGet() throws IOException{  
        //String requestUrlPath = "/z69183787/article/details/17580325";  
        String requestUrlPath = "/";          
          
        OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream());    
        bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);              
        bufferedWriter.write("GET " + requestUrlPath + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");    
        bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");    
        bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");    
        bufferedWriter.flush();    
          
        BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());    
        bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));    
        String line = null;    
        while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null){    
            System.out.println(line);    
        }    
        bufferedReader.close();    
        bufferedWriter.close();    
        socket.close();  
          
    }  
      
      
    public void sendPost() throws IOException{    
            String path = "/";    
            String data = URLEncoder.encode("name", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("张三", "utf-8") + "&" +    
                        URLEncoder.encode("age", "utf-8") + "=" + URLEncoder.encode("32", "utf-8");    
            // String data = "name=zhigang_jia";    
            System.out.println(">>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>"+data);              
            OutputStreamWriter streamWriter = new OutputStreamWriter(socket.getOutputStream(), "utf-8");    
            bufferedWriter = new BufferedWriter(streamWriter);                  
            bufferedWriter.write("POST " + path + " HTTP/1.1\r\n");    
            bufferedWriter.write("Host: " + this.host + "\r\n");    
            bufferedWriter.write("Content-Length: " + data.length() + "\r\n");    
            bufferedWriter.write("Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded\r\n");    
            bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");    
            bufferedWriter.write(data);    
                
            bufferedWriter.write("\r\n");    
            bufferedWriter.flush();    
                
            BufferedInputStream streamReader = new BufferedInputStream(socket.getInputStream());    
            bufferedReader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(streamReader, "utf-8"));    
            String line = null;    
            while((line = bufferedReader.readLine())!= null)    
            {    
                System.out.println(line);    
            }    
            bufferedReader.close();    
            bufferedWriter.close();    
            socket.close();    
    }    
  
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {  
        /**  
         * http协议测试  
         */  
        //SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 80);  
        /**  
         * https协议测试  
         */  
        SocketForHttpTest forHttpTest = new SocketForHttpTest("www.baidu.com", 443);  
        try {  
            //forHttpTest.sendGet();  
            forHttpTest.sendPost();  
        } catch (IOException e) {  
              
            e.printStackTrace();  
        }  
    }  
  
} 

所以有时候离开apache的HTTP Client等第三方Jar,程序员也是一样活!

本文转自：http://blog.csdn.net/zmx729618/article/details/51374486