MySQL安全配置向导mysql_secure_installation
ubuntu 18.04 上安装 mysql 5.7 之后，默认没有设置 root 密码，印象中之前是有一个引导界面的，现在似乎去掉了。
设置 mysql 初始密码需要使用命令
sudo mysql_secure_installation
按照提示，一步步操作即可
安装完mysql-server 会提示可以运行mysql_secure_installation。运行mysql_secure_installation会执行几个设置：
a)为root用户设置密码
b)删除匿名账号
c)取消root用户远程登录
d)删除test库和对test库的访问权限
e)刷新授权表使修改生效
通过这几项的设置能够提高mysql库的安全。建议生产环境中mysql安装这完成后一定要运行一次mysql_secure_installation，详细步骤请参看下面的命令.
[root@server1 ~]# mysql_secure_installation NOTE: RUNNING ALL PARTS OF THIS SCRIPT IS RECOMMENDED FOR ALL MySQL SERVERS IN PRODUCTION USE! PLEASE READ EACH STEP CAREFULLY! In order to log into MySQL to secure it, we'll need the current password for the root user. If you've just installed MySQL, and you haven't set the root password yet, the password will be blank, so you should just press enter here. Enter current password for root (enter for none):<–初次运行直接回车 OK, successfully used password, moving on… Setting the root password ensures that nobody can log into the MySQL root user without the proper authorisation. Set root password? [Y/n] <– 是否设置root用户密码，输入y并回车或直接回车 New password: <– 设置root用户的密码 Re-enter new password: <– 再输入一次你设置的密码 Password updated successfully! Reloading privilege tables.. … Success! By default, a MySQL installation has an anonymous user, allowing anyone to log into MySQL without having to have a user account created for them. This is intended only for testing, and to make the installation go a bit smoother. You should remove them before moving into a production environment. Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] <– 是否删除匿名用户,生产环境建议删除，所以直接回车 … Success! Normally, root should only be allowed to connect from 'localhost'. This ensures that someone cannot guess at the root password from the network. Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] <–是否禁止root远程登录,根据自己的需求选择Y/n并回车,建议禁止 … Success! By default, MySQL comes with a database named 'test' that anyone can access. This is also intended only for testing, and should be removed before moving into a production environment. Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] <– 是否删除test数据库,直接回车 - Dropping test database… … Success! - Removing privileges on test database… … Success! Reloading the privilege tables will ensure that all changes made so far will take effect immediately. Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] <– 是否重新加载权限表，直接回车 … Success! Cleaning up… All done! If you've completed all of the above steps, your MySQL installation should now be secure. Thanks for using MySQL! [root@server1 ~]#
登入mysql数据库
sudo mysql -u root -p
create database 数据库名称 default character set utf8mb4 collate utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
ubuntu文件的锁：这个是root权限的一种标志
linux下文件夹有锁头，去掉锁头的办法
去除Ubuntu文件夹有锁标志 由于在root权限下下载的东西，所以在普通用户下有锁标志，虽说在root下什么都可以操作使用，只要切换到root账户操作就ok了，但是看着就很别扭，如何去除？ 1.看到有网友说使用 sudo chmod -R 777 别且说可能有危险，这不废话么，对文件递归做改变权限为可读可写可运行，当然没有锁了。 但是这就会使得原来的文件的权限发生变化。 2.可以把它拷贝到有windows的电脑上……呵呵，这样当然可以，linux下的权限什么的自然全消失。 3.使用命令改变文件的组用户 sudo chown 你的用户名 文件名 例如： sudo chown jack common 事实证明这样是可以的，但是这样只是改变common这个文件夹的Group，里边的文件或者文件夹还是有锁的。所以要 sudo chown jack common/ -R