列表list：增，删，查，改，切片，拷贝
1.切片
# -*- coding-utf8 -*- # author:zingerman name=['hu','zhao','wang','zhou'] print(name[:2]) #默认从0开始 print(name[-3:-1]) #不能写成name[-1:-3] print(name[-3:]) #默认从0开始 print(name[::2]) #步长为2，等效与name[0:-1:2]
2.增：
# -*- coding-utf8 -*- # author:zingerman name=['hu','zhao','wang','zhou'] name.append('sun') #在列表的末尾添加元素 print(name) name.insert(1,'qian') #按索引插入元素 print(name) name1=[1,2,3] name.extend(name1) #extend() 函数用于在列表末尾一次性追加另一个序列中的多个值（用新列表扩展原来的列表） print(name)
3.删：
# -*- coding-utf8 -*- # author:zingerman name=['hu','zhao','wang','zhou','qian'] name.remove('zhao') #remove() 函数用于移除列表中某个值,无返回值 print(name) del name[1] #根据索引删除列表中的元素 print(name) name.pop(1) #默认删除列表最后一个，或按索引删除 print(name)
4.查，拷贝：
# -*- coding-utf8 -*- # author:zingerman import copy name=['hu','zhao',['qian','sun'],'wang','zhou'] print(name[2]) print(name[2][1]) print(name.index("hu")) name2=copy.copy(name) #另外两种copy的方式：1，name2=name[:] 2.name2=list(name) print(name2) #name[2]='b' name[2][1]='1' #1、copy.copy 浅拷贝 只拷贝父对象，不会拷贝对象的内部的子对象,拷贝的是内部子对象的地址，浅拷贝常用于创建联合账号 print(name) #2、copy.deepcopy 深拷贝 拷贝对象及其子对象 print(name2)
5.其他：
# -*- coding-utf8 -*- # author:zingerman name=['hu','zhao','wang','zhou'] name.reverse() print(name) name.sort() print(name) name.clear() print(name)
元组：
元组其实跟列表差不多，也是存一组数，只不是它一旦创建，便不能再修改，所以又叫只读列表
语法
|
1
|
names
=
(
"alex"
,
"jack"
,
"eric"
)
|
它只有2个方法，一个是count,一个是index，完毕。
购物车作业 ：
#!/usr/bin/env python # author:zingerman product_list = [ ('Iphone', 5800), ('Mac Pro', 9800), ('Bike', 800), ('Watch', 10600), ('Coffee', 31), ('Alex Python', 120), ] shopping_list = [] salary = input('输入你的工资：') if salary.isdigit(): salary = int(salary) for item in product_list: print(product_list.index(item), item) coustom_choice = input('请输入商品标号;') # print(type(coustom_choice)) while True: if coustom_choice.isdigit(): coustom_choice = int(coustom_choice) if coustom_choice < len(product_list) and coustom_choice >= 0: if product_list[coustom_choice][1] <= salary: # 买得起 shopping_list.append(product_list[coustom_choice]) salary -= product_list[coustom_choice][1] print('你已经购买了%s，你的账户还剩%s元' % (shopping_list, salary)) coustom_choice = input('请继续输入商品标号;') else: print('你的余额不足，还剩%s元' % (salary)) break else: coustom_choice = input('你输入编号太大，请重新输入') elif coustom_choice == 'q': break else: coustom_choice = input('你输入编号有误，请重新输入') print('谢谢惠顾，你已经购买了%s，你的账户还剩%s元' % (shopping_list, salary))
字符串操作：
name.capitalize() 首字母大写 name.casefold() 大写全部变小写 name.center(50,"-") 输出 '---------------------Alex Li----------------------' name.count('lex') 统计 lex出现次数 name.encode() 将字符串编码成bytes格式 name.endswith("Li") 判断字符串是否以 Li结尾 "Alex\tLi".expandtabs(10) 输出'Alex Li'， 将\t转换成多长的空格 name.find('A') 查找A,找到返回其索引， 找不到返回-1 format : >>> msg = "my name is {}, and age is {}" >>> msg.format("alex",22) 'my name is alex, and age is 22' >>> msg = "my name is {1}, and age is {0}" >>> msg.format("alex",22) 'my name is 22, and age is alex' >>> msg = "my name is {name}, and age is {age}" >>> msg.format(age=22,name="ale") 'my name is ale, and age is 22' format_map >>> msg.format_map({'name':'alex','age':22}) 'my name is alex, and age is 22' msg.index('a') 返回a所在字符串的索引 '9aA'.isalnum() True '9'.isdigit() 是否整数 name.isnumeric name.isprintable name.isspace name.istitle name.isupper "|".join(['alex','jack','rain']) 'alex|jack|rain' maketrans >>> intab = "aeiou" #This is the string having actual characters. >>> outtab = "12345" #This is the string having corresponding mapping character >>> trantab = str.maketrans(intab, outtab) >>> >>> str = "this is string example....wow!!!" >>> str.translate(trantab) 'th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!' msg.partition('is') 输出 ('my name ', 'is', ' {name}, and age is {age}') >>> "alex li, chinese name is lijie".replace("li","LI",1) 'alex LI, chinese name is lijie' msg.swapcase 大小写互换 >>> msg.zfill(40) '00000my name is {name}, and age is {age}' >>> n4.ljust(40,"-") 'Hello 2orld-----------------------------' >>> n4.rjust(40,"-") '-----------------------------Hello 2orld' >>> b="ddefdsdff_哈哈" >>> b.isidentifier() #检测一段字符串可否被当作标志符，即是否符合变量命名规则 True
字典：
1.增，改：
# -*- coding-utf8 -*- # author:zingerman info = { '01': "hu", '02': "li", '03': "zhao", } info[4]='sun'
info['02']='wang'
print(info)
2.删：
# -*- coding-utf8 -*- # author:zingerman info = {'01': "hu",'02': "li",'03': "zhao",'04':'wang'} info.pop('01') #标准删除姿势 del info['02'] #也是删除 info.popitem() #随机删除 print(info)
3.找;
# -*- coding-utf8 -*- # author:zingerman info = {'01': "hu",'02': "li",'03': "zhao",'04':'wang'} print('01' in info) #标准查找 print(info.get('01')) #获取，可用于查找，如果找不到，返回none print(info['01']) #查找，但是找不到会报错，建议用上一种
4.字典嵌套：
av_catalog = { "欧美":{ "www.youporn.com": ["很多免费的,世界最大的","质量一般"], "www.pornhub.com": ["很多免费的,也很大","质量比yourporn高点"], "letmedothistoyou.com": ["多是自拍,高质量图片很多","资源不多,更新慢"], "x-art.com":["质量很高,真的很高","全部收费,屌比请绕过"] }, "日韩":{ "tokyo-hot":["质量怎样不清楚,个人已经不喜欢日韩范了","听说是收费的"] }, "大陆":{ "1024":["全部免费,真好,好人一生平安","服务器在国外,慢"] } } av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"][1] += ",可以用爬虫爬下来" print(av_catalog["大陆"]["1024"]) #ouput ['全部免费,真好,好人一生平安', '服务器在国外,慢,可以用爬虫爬下来']
5.其他用法：
# author:zingerman info = {'01': "hu",'02': "li",'03': "zhao",'04':'wang'} print(info.values()) print(info.keys()) print(info.setdefault(4,'sun') ,'\t\t\t',info) info1 ={'01': 'men',1:2} info.update(info1) print(info) #有则修改，无则添加 print("字典值 : %s" % info.items()) #items() 函数以列表返回可遍历的(键, 值) 元组数组 # 遍历字典列表 for key, values in info.items():
print(key, values)