这是一个关于Instagram爬虫的介绍。
GitHub源码参考（代码和爬取数据）：https://github.com/hilqiqi0/crawler/tree/master/simple/instagram
爬取的每个数据保存格式：{ 图片的访问路径，评论数，点赞数，帖子的内容 }
eg：{
"img_url": "https://scontent-sin6-2.cdninstagram.com/vp/0e345bfd870f2fb489f091ed5507397f/5C1A8CB6/t51.2885-15/e35/40949123_1104283529724860_6046749716819964824_n.jpg",
"comment_count": 12932,
"like_count": 1321753,
"text": "Featured photo by @maomay__\\nWeekend Hashtag Project: #WHPperspective\\nThis weekend, the goal is to take photos and videos from a different point of view, as in this featured photo by Mao May (@maomay__). Here are some tips to get you started:\\nCapture a familiar subject or scene from an unexpected angle. Get up close and let a face cover the entire frame, or make a puppy look large by shooting from ground-level as she stares down. Find a high vantage point to show the wider context of a festival scene or bustling market.\\nUse geometry to your advantage. Look for graphic lines — in bridges or telephone wires — that converge to a vanishing point in your composition. Find a new way to capture patterns in everyday places, like the wheels of bicycles lined up in a rack, or symmetrical bricks in an unruly garden.\\nPlay an eye trick. Defy gravity with simple editing, like rotating the frame. Recruit a friend to make a well-timed leap, that, when rotated, looks like they’re flying through air. Or turn a dandelion into a human-size parasol by playing with scale and distance.\\n\\nPROJECT RULES: Please add the #WHPperspective hashtag only to photos and videos shared over this weekend and only submit your own visuals to the project. If you include music in your video submissions, please only use music to which you own the rights. Any tagged photo or video shared over the weekend is eligible to be featured next week."
}
技术难点总结：1、需要翻墙；2、Instagram在8、9月份之前是没有反扒，之后ajax请求加了反扒。
反扒算法：（请求头加了'X-Instagram-GIS'字段）
1、将rhx_gis和queryVariables进行组合
2、然后进行md5哈希
代码说明和修改：0、默认下载120个，若想下载更多可以删除数量判断或者修改阈值
1、该代码使用的是蓝灯，代理端口为52212；若是其他的翻墙工具，请修改代理端口号
2、该代码爬取的是https://www.instagram.com网站中instagram博主的信息；若想爬取其他博主的信息，需要修改博主名
3、该代码仅是测试，尚未进行代码模块化、封装等
关于流程和分析：1、参见文章最后参考；2、直接分析代码
import re
import json
import time
import random
import requests
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
import hashlib
url_base = 'https://www.instagram.com/instagram/'
uri = 'https://www.instagram.com/graphql/query/?query_hash=a5164aed103f24b03e7b7747a2d94e3c&variables=%7B%22id%22%3A%22{user_id}%22%2C%22first%22%3A12%2C%22after%22%3A%22{cursor}%22%7D'
headers = {
'Connection':'keep-alive',
'Host':'www.instagram.com',
'Referer':'https://www.instagram.com/instagram/',
'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/68.0.3440.106 Safari/537.36',
'X-Requested-With':'XMLHttpRequest'
}
proxy = {
'http': 'http://127.0.0.1:52212',
'https': 'http://127.0.0.1:52212'
}
def hashStr(strInfo):
h = hashlib.md5()
h.update(strInfo.encode("utf-8"))
return h.hexdigest()
def get_html(url):
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxy)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.text
else:
print('请求网页源代码错误, 错误状态码：', response.status_code)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
return None
def get_json(headers,url):
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers,proxies=proxy, timeout=10)
if response.status_code == 200:
return response.json()
else:
print('请求网页json错误, 错误状态码：', response.status_code)
except Exception as e:
print(e)
time.sleep(60 + float(random.randint(1, 4000))/100)
return get_json(headers,url)
def get_samples(html):
samples = []
user_id = re.findall('"profilePage_([0-9]+)"', html, re.S)[0]
GIS_rhx_gis = re.findall('"rhx_gis":"([0-9a-z]+)"', html, re.S)[0]
print('user_id：' + user_id)
print(GIS_rhx_gis)
doc = pq(html)
items = doc('script[type="text/javascript"]').items()
for item in items:
if item.text().strip().startswith('window._sharedData'):
# window._sharedData 的内容转换为字典
js_data = json.loads(item.text()[21:-1], encoding='utf-8')
# 12 张初始页面图片信息
edges = js_data["entry_data"]["ProfilePage"][0]["graphql"]["user"]["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]["edges"]
# 网页页面信息
page_info = js_data["entry_data"]["ProfilePage"][0]["graphql"]["user"]["edge_owner_to_timeline_media"]['page_info']
# 下一页的索引值AQCSnXw1JsoV6LPOD2Of6qQUY7HWyXRc_CBSMWB6WvKlseC-7ibKho3Em0PEG7_EP8vwoXw5zwzsAv_mNMR8yX2uGFZ5j6YXdyoFfdbHc6942w
cursor = page_info['end_cursor']
# 是否有下一页
flag = page_info['has_next_page']
# 节点信息筛选
for edge in edges:
# 如果是视频直接跳过
if edge['node']['is_video'] == "true":
continue
time.sleep(1)
# 图片信息筛选
sample = {}
if edge['node']['display_url']:
display_url = edge['node']['display_url']
# print(display_url)
sample["img_url"] = display_url
sample["comment_count"] = edge['node']['edge_media_to_comment']["count"]
sample["like_count"] = edge['node']['edge_liked_by']["count"]
print(sample["img_url"])
print(sample["comment_count"])
print(sample["like_count"])
if edge['node']['shortcode']:
shortcode = edge['node']['shortcode']
# https://www.instagram.com/p/{shortcode}/?__a=1
textUrl = 'https://www.instagram.com/p/' + shortcode + '/?__a=1'
textRespose = get_json(headers,textUrl)
# print(textRespose)
# print(type(textRespose))
textDict = textRespose['graphql']['shortcode_media']['edge_media_to_caption']['edges'][0]['node']
sample["text"] = str(textDict)[10:-2]
print(sample["text"])
samples.append(sample)
print(cursor, flag)
# AJAX 请求更多信息
while flag:
url = uri.format(user_id=user_id, cursor=cursor)
print(url)
queryVariables = '{"id":"' + user_id + '","first":12,"after":"' +cursor+ '"}'
print(queryVariables)
headers['X-Instagram-GIS'] = hashStr(GIS_rhx_gis + ":" + queryVariables)
print(headers)
js_data = get_json(headers,url)
# print(js_data)
infos = js_data['data']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['edges']
cursor = js_data['data']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['page_info']['end_cursor']
flag = js_data['data']['user']['edge_owner_to_timeline_media']['page_info']['has_next_page']
# print(infos)
for info in infos:
if info['node']['is_video']:
continue
else:
sample = {}
display_url = info['node']['display_url']
# print(display_url)
sample["img_url"] = display_url
sample["comment_count"] = info['node']['edge_media_to_comment']["count"]
sample["like_count"] = info['node']['edge_media_preview_like']["count"]
if info['node']['shortcode']:
time.sleep(1)
shortcode = info['node']['shortcode']
# https://www.instagram.com/p/{shortcode}/?__a=1
textUrl = 'https://www.instagram.com/p/' + shortcode + '/?__a=1'
textRespose = get_json(headers,textUrl)
# print(textRespose)
# print(type(textRespose))
textDict = textRespose['graphql']['shortcode_media']['edge_media_to_caption']['edges'][0]['node']
sample["text"] = str(textDict)[10:-2]
print(sample["img_url"])
print(sample["comment_count"])
print(sample["like_count"])
print(sample["text"])
samples.append(sample)
print(cursor, flag)
# 下载120个 返回
if len(samples) > 120:
return samples
return samples
def main():
url = url_base
html = get_html(url)
samples = get_samples(html)
# print(samples)
with open("./samples.txt","a",encoding='utf-8') as f:
f.write(str(samples))
if __name__ == '__main__':
start = time.time()
main()
参考1：https://www.jianshu.com/p/985c2b4e8f6c
参考2：https://blog.csdn.net/geng333abc/article/details/79403395