安装Ubuntu18.04 server
- Ubuntu 18.04下载地址 http://releases.ubuntu.com/18.04/
- 用软碟通制作一个U盘启动盘
分区
服务器上有3块磁盘，一块900G的SSD，两个合在一起1.8T的机械硬盘，两个机械硬盘做成了一个阵列（一个大神帮忙做的）
系统Ubuntu默认分区，安装在了SSD上，剩下的1.8T想利用起来放数据，打算新建分区：
首先用fdisk -l命令查看当前磁盘分区情况，可以看到设备/dev/sdb没有分区：
# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 86.9 MiB, 91099136 bytes, 177928 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 1998998994944 bytes, 3904294912 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 745.2 GiB, 800166076416 bytes, 1562824368 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: D3EA883E-7D9A-4843-966B-45420852A8C5
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 1562820607 1562816512 745.2G Linux filesystem
root@lab1706:/usr/include# fdisk /dev/sdb
创建分区/dev/sdb1：
# fdisk /dev/sdb
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.31.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Device does not contain a recognized partition table.
Created a new DOS disklabel with disk identifier 0xd97078ec.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended (container for logical partitions)
Select (default p): p
Partition number (1-4, default 1): 1
First sector (2048-3904294911, default 2048):
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (2048-3904294911, default 3904294911):
Created a new partition 1 of type 'Linux' and of size 1.8 TiB.
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
分区之后格式化：
# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Creating filesystem with 488036608 4k blocks and 122011648 inodes
Filesystem UUID: 2c3ba699-2ef6-4551-b6ca-ac2b8691b3a1
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
102400000, 214990848
Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
磁盘检查：
# fsck -C -f -t ext4 /dev/sdb1
fsck from util-linux 2.31.1
e2fsck 1.44.1 (24-Mar-2018)
Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes
Pass 2: Checking directory structure
Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity
Pass 4: Checking reference counts
Pass 5: Checking group summary information
/dev/sdb1: 11/122011648 files (0.0% non-contiguous), 7941569/488036608 blocks
新建一个文件夹/data，作为将来访问sdb1的标识，并将新磁盘sdb1挂载到/data：
# mkdir /data
# mount -t ext4 /dev/sdb1 /data/
# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev 32G 0 32G 0% /dev
tmpfs 6.3G 1.9M 6.3G 1% /run
/dev/sda2 733G 11G 686G 2% /
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock
tmpfs 32G 0 32G 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop0 87M 87M 0 100% /snap/core/4917
tmpfs 6.3G 0 6.3G 0% /run/user/1000
/dev/sdb1 1.8T 77M 1.7T 1% /data
root@lab1706:~# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/loop0: 86.9 MiB, 91099136 bytes, 177928 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 1.8 TiB, 1998998994944 bytes, 3904294912 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xd97078ec
Device Boot Start End Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sdb1 2048 3904294911 3904292864 1.8T 83 Linux
Disk /dev/sda: 745.2 GiB, 800166076416 bytes, 1562824368 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: gpt
Disk identifier: D3EA883E-7D9A-4843-966B-45420852A8C5
Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/sda1 2048 4095 2048 1M BIOS boot
/dev/sda2 4096 1562820607 1562816512 745.2G Linux filesystem
强制让内核重新找找一次分区表：
# partprobe