版权声明：未经本人允许严禁转载 https://blog.csdn.net/WanJiaBaoBao/article/details/82842155
搭建要求
- 下载MySQL二进制格式包并安装使用；
- 创建test数据库，在test数据库中创建student表，表结构如下：
| id int(11) not null | name varchar(100) not null | age tinyint(4) null |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | tom | 20 |
| 2 | jerry | 23 |
| 3 | wangqing | 25 |
| 4 | sean | 28 |
| 5 | zhangshan | 26 |
| 6 | zhangshan | 20 |
| 7 | lisi | null |
| 8 | chenshuo | 10 |
| 9 | wangwu | 3 |
| 10 | qiuyi | 15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian | 20 |
- 备份数据库和表
搭建环境
- 已关闭防火墙，selinux
- 所用系统为RedHat-7.0，所用MySQL二进制包为mysql-5.7.22版本，下载地址：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
- MySQL所用地址:192.168.92.128/24,用户名为root，密码为“123456”。
搭建步骤
- 安装MySQL
## 先创建mysql的用户和组 ##
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd -r -g 306 mysql
[root@localhost ~]# useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin -g 306 mysql
## 下载MySQL二进制包并使用 ##
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/file/mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
## 下载完成后进行解压，将解压的文件指定到/usr/local/目录下 ##
[root@localhost ~]# tar -xvf mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
## 解压完成，进入目录，创建一个软链接，将软链接的属主和属组改为
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local
[root@localhost local]# ln -s mysql-5.7.22-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql mysql
## 可以将/usr/local/mysql/bin目录，写到环境变量里面 ##
[root@localhost bin]# vi /etc/profile.d/mysql
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
[root@localhost mysql]# source /etc/profile.d/mysql
[root@localhost mysql]# echo $PATH
/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/root/bin:/usr/local/mysql/bin
## 建立数据库存放位置，并将属主和属组改为mysql ##
[root@localhost mysql]# mkdir /opt/data
[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /opt/data
## 初始化数据库 ##
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data
2018-09-25T18:20:26.662587Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: 6<&_o/la,U5k
注：初始登录密码为： 6<&_o/la,U5k
## 生成配置文件 ##
[root@localhost ~]# cat > /etc/my.cnf << EOF
> [mysqld]
> basedir=/usr/local/mysql
> datadir=/opt/data
> socket=/tmp/mysql.sock
> port=3306
> pid-file=/opt/data/mysql.pid
> user=mysql
> skip-name-resolve
> EOF
## 配置启动服务脚本,并修改启动脚本参数 ##
[root@localhost ~]# cp -a /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/init.d/mysqld
找到以下两行：
basedir=
datadir=
修改为：
basedir=/usr/local/mysql #指定mysql的安装路径
datadir=/opt/data #指定数据库存放路径
## 启动mysql服务，并查看监听端口 ##
[root@localhost ~]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL.Logging to '/opt/data/localhost.localdomain.err'.
SUCCESS!
[root@localhost ~]# ss -ntlp
LISTEN 0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",9828,20))
## 登录到数据库，修改账户密码 ##
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p
Enter password: #输入初始密码
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.7.22
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> set password=password('123456'); #将当前用户的密码修改为“123456”
## 退出数据库，使用新密码重新登录数据库 ##
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456
mysql: [Warning] Using a password on the command line interface can be insecure.
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
- 创建数据库和表
## 登录MySQL数据库，创建数据库，表创建表，并查看结构 ##
mysql> create database test; #创建数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> use test; #使用数据库
Database changed
mysql> create table student(id int(11) not null,name varchar(100) not null,age tinyint(11) null); #创建表
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> desc student; #查看表结构
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
| id | int(11) | NO | | NULL | |
| name | varchar(100) | NO | | NULL | |
| age | tinyint(11) | YES | | NULL | |
+-------+--------------+------+-----+---------+-------+
3 rows in set (0.03 sec)
## 向表中插入数据，并查看表内容 ##
mysql> insert into student values(1,'tom',20),(2,'jerry',23),(3,'wangqing',25),(4,'sean',28),
-> (5,'zhangshan',26),(6,'zhangshan',20),(7,'lisi',null),(8,'chenshuo',10),(9,'wangwu',3),
-> (10,'qiuyi',15),(11,'qiuxiaotian',20);
Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Records: 11 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from student; #查询表内容
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+-------------+------+
| 1 | tom | 20 |
| 2 | jerry | 23 |
| 3 | wangqing | 25 |
| 4 | sean | 28 |
| 5 | zhangshan | 26 |
| 6 | zhangshan | 20 |
| 7 | lisi | NULL |
| 8 | chenshuo | 10 |
| 9 | wangwu | 3 |
| 10 | qiuyi | 15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian | 20 |
+----+-------------+------+
11 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 备份数据库和表
## 备份全部数据库，将备份的数据库命名为all-db-201809251927.sql ##
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --all-databases > all-db-201809251927.sql
Enter password:
## 备份一个或者多个数据库，将创建的数据库进行备份，命名为test-db-201809251928.sql ##
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p --databases test > test-db-201809251928.sql
Enter password:
## 备份表，将添加的student表进行备份，命名为student-table-201809251930.sql ##
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump -uroot -p test student > student-table-201809251930.sql
Enter password:
## 若要将用户名和密码省略，则需要修改"~/.my.cnf"配置文件 ##
[root@localhost ~]# vi .my.cnf
[mysqldump]
user=root
password=123456
[root@localhost ~]# mysqldump test student > student-table-201809251948.sql
- 恢复数据
## 登录数据库若不想输入用户和密码，则需要修改“~/.my.cnf”配置文件 ##
[root@localhost ~]# vi .my.cnf
[mysql]
user=root
password=123456
[root@localhost ~]# mysql #登录数据库
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 3
Server version: 5.7.22 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql>
## 若表丢失，将备份的表用来恢复 ##
mysql> delete from test.student; #删除数据库中的表，表数据丢失
Query OK, 11 rows affected (0.01 sec)
mysql> select * from test.student; #查看表中数据，没有数据
Empty set (0.00 sec)
[root@localhost ~]# mysql test < student-table-201809251930.sql #恢复表到test数据库中
## 查看数据库中表是否恢复 ##
[root@localhost ~]# mysql -e "select * from test.student" #登录数据库执行查询表命令，可以看到表内容已经恢复
+----+-------------+------+
| id | name | age |
+----+-------------+------+
| 1 | tom | 20 |
| 2 | jerry | 23 |
| 3 | wangqing | 25 |
| 4 | sean | 28 |
| 5 | zhangshan | 26 |
| 6 | zhangshan | 20 |
| 7 | lisi | NULL |
| 8 | chenshuo | 10 |
| 9 | wangwu | 3 |
| 10 | qiuyi | 15 |
| 11 | qiuxiaotian | 20 |
+----+-------------+------+
出现的错误
## 错误一：
[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --datadir=/opt/data
mysqld: error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
## 解决办法：查找libaio.so.1库的安装包，安装libaio包。
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides libaio.so.1
Loaded plugins: product-id, subscription-manager
This system is not registered to Red Hat Subscription Management. You can use subscription-manager to register.
yum.repo | 4.1 kB 00:00:00
(1/2): yum.repo/group_gz | 137 kB 00:00:00
(2/2): yum.repo/primary_db | 4.0 MB 00:00:00
libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.i686 : Linux-native asynchronous I/O access library
Repo : yum.repo
Matched from:
Provides : libaio.so.1
[root@localhost ~]# yum -y install libaio