(三) RabbitMQ实战教程(面向Java开发人员)之Spring整合RabbitMQ

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/RobertoHuang/article/details/79541635

Spring整合RabbitMQ

Spring AMQP是对AMQP协议的抽象和封装，从官方网站上得知它是由两个项目组成的(spring-amqp和spring-rabbit)。在使用Spring整合RabbitMQ时我们主要关注三个核心接口(MessageListenerContainer、RabbitAdmin以及RabbitTemplate)

RabbitAdmin: 用于声明交换机 队列 绑定等
RabbitTemplate: 用于RabbitMQ消息的发送和接收
MessageListenerContainer: 监听容器 为消息入队提供异步处理

使用Spring整合RabbitMQ需要导入如下依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-rabbit</artifactId>
    <version>2.0.2.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

本系列博客源码GIT地址:https://github.com/RobertoHuang/RGP-RABBITMQ.git

Spring AMQP手动声明

1.创建生产者配置类 将RabbitAdmin、RabbitTemplate纳入Spring管理

@Configuration
public class SpringAMQPProducerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();

        // 配置连接信息
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.56.128");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("roberto");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("roberto");

        // 网络异常自动连接恢复
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        // 每10秒尝试重试连接一次
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(10000);

        // 设置ConnectionFactory属性信息
        Map<String, Object> connectionFactoryPropertiesMap = new HashMap();
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("principal", "RobertoHuang");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("description", "RGP订单系统V2.0");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("emailAddress", "[email protected]");
        connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
    }
}

2.创建生产者启动类

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.manual.declare.producer")
public class ProducerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ProducerApplication.class);

        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = context.getBean(RabbitAdmin.class);
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);

        // 声明交换机
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("roberto.order", true, false, new HashMap<>()));

        // 声明消息 (消息体, 消息属性)
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        messageProperties.setContentType("UTF-8");
        Message message = new Message("订单信息".getBytes(), messageProperties);

        // 发布消息 (交换机名, Routing key, 消息);
        // 发布消息还可以使用rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(); 其支持消息后置处理
        rabbitTemplate.send("roberto.order", "add", message);
    }
}

3.创建消费者配置类 将RabbitAdmin纳入Spring管理，并在MessageListenerContainer类中定义了消息消费的逻辑

@Configuration
public class SpringAMQPConsumerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();

        // 配置连接信息
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.56.128");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("roberto");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("roberto");

        // 网络异常自动连接恢复
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        // 每10秒尝试重试连接一次
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(10000);

        // 设置ConnectionFactory属性信息
        Map<String, Object> connectionFactoryPropertiesMap = new HashMap();
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("principal", "RobertoHuang");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("description", "RGP订单系统V2.0");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("emailAddress", "[email protected]");
        connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
        messageListenerContainer.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        messageListenerContainer.setQueueNames("roberto.order.add");

        // 设置消费者线程数
        messageListenerContainer.setConcurrentConsumers(5);
        // 设置最大消费者线程数
        messageListenerContainer.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(10);

        // 设置消费者属性信息
        Map<String, Object> argumentMap = new HashMap();
        messageListenerContainer.setConsumerArguments(argumentMap);

        // 设置消费者标签
        messageListenerContainer.setConsumerTagStrategy(new ConsumerTagStrategy() {
            @Override
            public String createConsumerTag(String s) {
                return "RGP订单系统ADD处理逻辑消费者";
            }
        });

        // 使用setAutoStartup方法可以手动设置消息消费时机
        messageListenerContainer.setAutoStartup(false);

        // 使用setAfterReceivePostProcessors方法可以增加消息后置处理器
        // messageListenerContainer.setAfterReceivePostProcessors();

        messageListenerContainer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
            @Override
            public void onMessage(Message message) {
                try {
                    System.out.println(new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8"));
                    System.out.println(message.getMessageProperties());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        return messageListenerContainer;
    }
}

4.创建消费者启动类

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.manual.declare.consumer")
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConsumerApplication.class);

        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = context.getBean(RabbitAdmin.class);
        MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer = context.getBean(MessageListenerContainer.class);

        // 声明队列 (队列名", 是否持久化, 是否排他, 是否自动删除, 队列属性);
        rabbitAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue("roberto.order.add", true, false, false, new HashMap<>()));

        // 声明Direct Exchange (交换机名, 是否持久化, 是否自动删除, 交换机属性);
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("roberto.order", true, false, new HashMap<>()));

        // 将队列Binding到交换机上 Routing key为add
        rabbitAdmin.declareBinding(BindingBuilder.bind(new Queue("roberto.order.add")).to(new DirectExchange("roberto.order")).with("add"));

        // 开始监听队列
        messageListenerContainer.start();
    }
}

5.依次启动消息消费者和生产者 控制台输出如下

订单信息
MessageProperties [headers={}, contentType=UTF-8, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=roberto.order, receivedRoutingKey=add, deliveryTag=1, consumerTag=RGP订单系统ADD处理逻辑消费者, consumerQueue=roberto.order.add]

上诉代码使用Spring整合RabbitMQ，最终实现效果和上一篇博客介绍RabbitMQ Java Client一致

Spring AMQP自动声明

在上诉的Demo中我们是手动使用RabbitAdmin对交换机、队列和绑定进行声明的，Spring AMQP还提供了自动声明方式交换机、队列和绑定。我们可以直接把要自动声明的组件纳入Spring容器中管理即可，自动声明发生在RabbitMQ第一次连接创建的时候，自动声明支持单个和批量自动声明。使用自动声明需要符合如下条件:

1.需要有连接产生
2.RabbitAdmin必须交由Spring管理，且autoStartup必须为true(默认)
3.如果ConnectionFactory使用的是CachingConnectionFactory，则cacheMode必须要为CacheMode.CHANNEL
4.所有要声明的组件的shouldDeclare必须为true
5.要声明的Queue名称不能以amq.开头

上诉规则定义在RabbitAdmin的afterPropertiesSet方法中，有兴趣的同学可以自行阅读RabbitAdmin源码

1.创建生产者配置类 将RabbitAdmin、RabbitTemplate纳入Spring管理

@Configuration
public class SpringAMQPProducerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();

        // 配置连接信息
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.56.128");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("roberto");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("roberto");

        // 网络异常自动连接恢复
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        // 每10秒尝试重试连接一次
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(10000);

        // 设置ConnectionFactory属性信息
        Map<String, Object> connectionFactoryPropertiesMap = new HashMap();
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("principal", "RobertoHuang");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("description", "RGP订单系统V2.0");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("emailAddress", "[email protected]");
        connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
    }
}

2.创建生产者启动类

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.auto.declare.producer")
public class ProducerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.manual.declare.producer.ProducerApplication.class);

        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = context.getBean(RabbitAdmin.class);
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);

        // 声明交换机
        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("roberto.order", true, false, new HashMap<>()));

        // 声明消息 (消息体, 消息属性)
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        messageProperties.setContentType("UTF-8");
        Message message = new Message("订单信息".getBytes(), messageProperties);

        // 发布消息 (交换机名, Routing key, 消息);
        // 发布消息还可以使用rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(); 其支持消息后置处理
        rabbitTemplate.send("roberto.order", "add", message);
    }
}

3.创建消费者配置类 将RabbitAdmin纳入Spring管理，并在MessageListenerContainer类中定义了消息消费的逻辑，并且在该配置类中声明交换机，队列，绑定

@Configuration
public class SpringAMQPConsumerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();

        // 配置连接信息
        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.56.128");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("roberto");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("roberto");

        // 网络异常自动连接恢复
        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        // 每10秒尝试重试连接一次
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(10000);

        // 设置ConnectionFactory属性信息
        Map<String, Object> connectionFactoryPropertiesMap = new HashMap();
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("principal", "RobertoHuang");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("description", "RGP订单系统V2.0");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("emailAddress", "[email protected]");
        connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    // 自动声明交换机
    // 如果要一次性声明多个 使用public List<Exchange> listExchange()即可
    public Exchange exchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("roberto.order", true, false, new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    // 自动声明队列
    // 如果要一次性声明多个 使用public List<Queue> listQueue()即可
    public Queue queue() {
        return new Queue("roberto.order.add", true, false, false, new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    // 自动声明绑定
    // 如果要一次性声明多个 使用public List<Binding> listBinding()即可
    public Binding binding() {
        return new Binding("roberto.order.add", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, "roberto.order", "add", new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
        messageListenerContainer.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        messageListenerContainer.setQueueNames("roberto.order.add");

        // 设置消费者线程数
        messageListenerContainer.setConcurrentConsumers(5);
        // 设置最大消费者线程数
        messageListenerContainer.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(10);

        // 设置消费者属性信息
        Map<String, Object> argumentMap = new HashMap();
        messageListenerContainer.setConsumerArguments(argumentMap);

        // 设置消费者标签
        messageListenerContainer.setConsumerTagStrategy(new ConsumerTagStrategy() {
            @Override
            public String createConsumerTag(String s) {
                return "RGP订单系统ADD处理逻辑消费者";
            }
        });

        // 使用setAutoStartup方法可以手动设置消息消费时机
        messageListenerContainer.setAutoStartup(true);

        // 使用setAfterReceivePostProcessors方法可以增加消息后置处理器
        // messageListenerContainer.setAfterReceivePostProcessors();

        messageListenerContainer.setMessageListener(new MessageListener() {
            @Override
            public void onMessage(Message message) {
                try {
                    System.out.println(new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8"));
                    System.out.println(message.getMessageProperties());
                } catch (Exception e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        });
        return messageListenerContainer;
    }
}

4.创建消费者启动类

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.auto.declare.consumer")
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConsumerApplication.class);
    }
}

5.依次启动消息消费者和生产者 控制台输出如下

订单信息
MessageProperties [headers={}, contentType=UTF-8, contentLength=0, receivedDeliveryMode=PERSISTENT, priority=0, redelivered=false, receivedExchange=roberto.order, receivedRoutingKey=add, deliveryTag=1, consumerTag=RGP订单系统ADD处理逻辑消费者, consumerQueue=roberto.order.add]

该代码与上诉代码实现的效果一致，只是将交换机，队列，绑定进行了自动声明

MessageListenerAdapte

以上两个Demo在消费消息处理逻辑时往MessageListenerContainer中传递了MessageListener，但是我们有时候已经写好了消费逻辑对应的类，我们不希望它去扩展MessageListener/ChannelAwareMessageListener，因为这么做的话意味着我们需要改变现有代码。Spring AMQP提供了消息处理器适配器的功能，它可以把一个纯POJO类适配成一个可以处理消息的处理器，默认处理消息的方法为handleMessage，可以通过setDefaultListenerMethod方法进行修改

1.创建生产者配置类

@Configuration
public class SpringAMQPProducerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.56.128");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("roberto");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("roberto");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(10000);

        Map<String, Object> connectionFactoryPropertiesMap = new HashMap();
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("principal", "RobertoHuang");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("description", "RGP订单系统V2.0");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("emailAddress", "[email protected]");
        connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
    }
}

2.创建生产者启动类

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.message.listener.adapte.producer")
public class ProducerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ProducerApplication.class);

        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = context.getBean(RabbitAdmin.class);
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);

        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("roberto.order", true, false, new HashMap<>()));

        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        messageProperties.setContentType("UTF-8");
        Message message = new Message("订单信息".getBytes(), messageProperties);

        rabbitTemplate.send("roberto.order", "add", message);
    }
}

3.创建消费者消息处理器类，它可是是纯POJO类

public class MessageHandle {
    public void add(byte[] message){
        try {
            System.out.println(new String(message,"UTF-8"));
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

4.创建消费者配置类 配置自定义消息处理器(将roberto.order.add队列使用自定义消息处理类的add方法进行处理)

@Configuration
public class SpringAMQPConsumerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.56.128");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("roberto");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("roberto");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(10000);

        Map<String, Object> connectionFactoryPropertiesMap = new HashMap();
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("principal", "RobertoHuang");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("description", "RGP订单系统V2.0");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("emailAddress", "[email protected]");
        connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    public Exchange exchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("roberto.order", true, false, new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue queue() {
        return new Queue("roberto.order.add", true, false, false, new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding binding() {
        return new Binding("roberto.order.add", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, "roberto.order", "add", new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
        messageListenerContainer.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        messageListenerContainer.setQueueNames("roberto.order.add");

        messageListenerContainer.setConcurrentConsumers(5);
        messageListenerContainer.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(10);

        Map<String, Object> argumentMap = new HashMap();
        messageListenerContainer.setConsumerArguments(argumentMap);

        messageListenerContainer.setConsumerTagStrategy(new ConsumerTagStrategy() {
            @Override
            public String createConsumerTag(String s) {
                return "RGP订单系统ADD处理逻辑消费者";
            }
        });

        messageListenerContainer.setAutoStartup(true);

        // 新建消息处理器适配器
        MessageListenerAdapter messageListenerAdapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageHandle());
        // 设置默认处理消息方法
        messageListenerAdapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("handleMessage");
        Map<String, String> queueOrTagToMethodName = new HashMap<>();
        // 将roberto.order.add队列的消息 使用add方法进行处理
        queueOrTagToMethodName.put("roberto.order.add","add");
        messageListenerAdapter.setQueueOrTagToMethodName(queueOrTagToMethodName);
        messageListenerContainer.setMessageListener(messageListenerAdapter);

        return messageListenerContainer;
    }
}

5.创建消费者启动类

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.message.listener.adapte.consumer")
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConsumerApplication.class);
    }
}

6.依次启动消息消费者和生产者 控制台输出如下

订单信息

如上Demo说明我们可以将一个纯POJO类定义为消息处理器，并且不用去扩展MessageListener/ChannelAwareMessageListener接口，关于自定义处理器方法的参数默认情况下为byte[]类型，这是由Spring AMQP默认消息转换器(SimpleMessageConverter)决定的，接下来我们将介绍Spring AMQP的消息转换器功能

Spring AMQP消息转换器

在上诉例子中我们定义的add(byte[] message)方法的参数是一个字节数组，但是有时候我们往RabbitMQ中发送的是一个JSON对象，我们希望在处理消息的时候它已经自动帮我们转为JAVA对象；又或者我们往RabbitMQ中发送的是一张图片或其他格式的文件，我们希望在处理消息的时候它已经自动帮我们转成文件格式，我们可以手动设置MessageConverter来实现如上需求，如果未设置MessageConverter则使用Spring AMQP默认提供的SimpleMessageConverter

以下例子使用MessageConverter实现了当生产者往RabbitMQ发送不同类型的数据的时候，使用MessageHandle不同的方法进行处理，需要注意的是当生产者在发送JSON数据的时候，需要制定这个JSON是哪个对象，用于Spring AMQP转换，规则如下

当发送普通对象的JSON数据时，需要在消息的header中增加一个__TypeId__的属性告知消费者是哪个对象

当发送List集合对象的JSON数据时，需要在消息的header中将__TypeId__指定为java.util.List，并且需要额外指定属性__ContentTypeId__用户告知消费者List集合中的对象类型

当发送Map集合对象的JSON数据时，需要在消息的header中将__TypeId__指定为java.util.Map，并且需要额外指定属性__KeyTypeId__用于告知客户端Map中key的类型，__ContentTypeId__用于告知客户端Map中Value的类型

1.创建订单实体类

public class Order {
    /**
     * 订单编号
     **/
    private String orderId;

    /**
     * 订单金额
     **/
    private BigDecimal orderAmount;

    public Order() {

    }

    public Order(String orderId, BigDecimal orderAmount) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
        this.orderAmount = orderAmount;
    }

    public String getOrderId() {
        return orderId;
    }

    public void setOrderId(String orderId) {
        this.orderId = orderId;
    }

    public BigDecimal getOrderAmount() {
        return orderAmount;
    }

    public void setOrderAmount(BigDecimal orderAmount) {
        this.orderAmount = orderAmount;
    }
}

2.自定义文件消息转换器

public class FileMessageConverter implements MessageConverter {
    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        String extName = (String) message.getMessageProperties().getHeaders().get("_extName");
        byte[] bytes = message.getBody();
        String fileName = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
        String filePath = System.getProperty("java.io.tmpdir") + fileName + "." + extName;
        File tempFile = new File(filePath);
        try {
            FileCopyUtils.copy(bytes, tempFile);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            throw new MessageConversionException("FileMessageConverter消息转换失败", e);
        }

        return tempFile;
    }
}

3.自定义字符串消息转换器

public class StringMessageConverter implements MessageConverter{
    @Override
    public Message toMessage(Object object, MessageProperties messageProperties) throws MessageConversionException {
        return null;
    }

    @Override
    public Object fromMessage(Message message) throws MessageConversionException {
        try {
            return new String(message.getBody(), "UTF-8");
        } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
            throw new MessageConversionException("StringMessageConverter转换失败", e);
        }
    }
}

4.自定义消息处理器类

public class MessageHandle {
    public void add(byte[] body) {
        System.out.println("----------byte[]方法进行处理----------");
        System.out.println("body");
    }

    public void add(String message) {
        System.out.println("----------String方法进行处理----------");
        System.out.println(message);
    }

    public void add(File file) {
        System.out.println("----------File方法进行处理----------");
        System.out.println(file.length());
        System.out.println(file.getName());
        System.out.println(file.getAbsolutePath());
    }

    public void add(Order order) {
        System.out.println("----------Order方法进行处理----------");
        System.out.println(order.getOrderId() + "---" + order.getOrderAmount());
    }

    public void add(List<Order> orderList) {
        System.out.println("----------List<Order>方法进行处理----------");
        System.out.println(orderList.size());
        for (Order order : orderList) {
            System.out.println(order.getOrderId() + "---" + order.getOrderAmount());
        }
    }

    public void add(Map<String, Order> orderMap) {
        System.out.println("----------Map<String, Order>方法进行处理----------");
        for (Map.Entry<String, Order> entry : orderMap.entrySet()) {
            System.out.println(entry.getKey());
            System.out.println(entry.getValue().getOrderId() + "---" + entry.getValue().getOrderAmount());
        }
    }
}

5.创建生产者配置类

@Configuration
public class SpringAMQPProducerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.56.128");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("roberto");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("roberto");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(10000);

        Map<String, Object> connectionFactoryPropertiesMap = new HashMap();
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("principal", "RobertoHuang");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("description", "RGP订单系统V2.0");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("emailAddress", "[email protected]");
        connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);
    }
}

6.创建生产者启动类 发送多条不同消息类型消息

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.message.converter.producer")
public class ProducerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AnnotationConfigApplicationContext context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ProducerApplication.class);

        RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin = context.getBean(RabbitAdmin.class);
        RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = context.getBean(RabbitTemplate.class);

        rabbitAdmin.declareExchange(new DirectExchange("roberto.order", true, false, new HashMap<>()));

        // 发送字符串
        sendString(rabbitTemplate);
        // 发送当个对象JSON
        sendSingle(rabbitTemplate);
        // 发送List集合JSON
        sendList(rabbitTemplate);
        // 发送Map集合JSON
        sendMap(rabbitTemplate);
        // 发送图片
        sendImage(rabbitTemplate);
    }

    public static void sendString(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) {
        // 声明消息 (消息体, 消息属性)
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        messageProperties.setContentType("text/plain");
        Message message = new Message("订单消息".getBytes(), messageProperties);
        rabbitTemplate.send("roberto.order", "add", message);
    }

    public static void sendSingle(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) throws Exception {
        Order order = new Order("OD0000001", new BigDecimal(888888.888888));
        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

        // 声明消息 (消息体, 消息属性)
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "order");
        messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        Message message = new Message(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(order).getBytes(), messageProperties);

        rabbitTemplate.send("roberto.order", "add", message);
    }

    public static void sendList(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) throws Exception {
        Order order = new Order("OD0000001", new BigDecimal(888888.888888));
        Order order2 = new Order("OD0000002", new BigDecimal(888888.888888));
        List<Order> orderList = Arrays.asList(order, order2);

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();

        // 声明消息 (消息体, 消息属性)
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "java.util.List");
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("__ContentTypeId__", "order");
        messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        Message message = new Message(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(orderList).getBytes(), messageProperties);

        rabbitTemplate.send("roberto.order", "add", message);
    }

    public static void sendMap(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) throws Exception {
        Order order = new Order("OD0000001", new BigDecimal(888888.888888));
        Order order2 = new Order("OD0000002", new BigDecimal(888888.888888));
        Map<String, Order> orderMap = new HashMap<>();
        orderMap.put(order.getOrderId(), order);
        orderMap.put(order2.getOrderId(), order2);

        ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
        // 声明消息 (消息体, 消息属性)
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("__TypeId__", "java.util.Map");
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("__KeyTypeId__", "java.lang.String");
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("__ContentTypeId__", "order");
        messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        messageProperties.setContentType("application/json");
        Message message = new Message(objectMapper.writeValueAsString(orderMap).getBytes(), messageProperties);

        rabbitTemplate.send("roberto.order", "add", message);
    }

    public static void sendImage(RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate) throws Exception {
        File file = new File("E:\\a.jpg");
        FileInputStream fileInputStream = new FileInputStream(file);
        ByteArrayOutputStream byteArrayOutputStream = new ByteArrayOutputStream(1024);
        int length;
        byte[] b = new byte[1024];
        while ((length = fileInputStream.read(b)) != -1) {
            byteArrayOutputStream.write(b, 0, length);
        }
        fileInputStream.close();
        byteArrayOutputStream.close();
        byte[] buffer = byteArrayOutputStream.toByteArray();

        // 声明消息 (消息体, 消息属性)
        MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
        messageProperties.getHeaders().put("_extName", "jpg");
        messageProperties.setDeliveryMode(MessageDeliveryMode.PERSISTENT);
        messageProperties.setContentType("image/jpg");
        Message message = new Message(buffer, messageProperties);

        rabbitTemplate.send("roberto.order", "add", message);
    }
}

7.创建消费者配置类 为不同ContentType消息设置消息转换器

@Configuration
public class SpringAMQPConsumerConfig {
    @Bean
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new com.rabbitmq.client.ConnectionFactory();

        connectionFactory.setHost("192.168.56.128");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setVirtualHost("/");
        connectionFactory.setUsername("roberto");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("roberto");

        connectionFactory.setAutomaticRecoveryEnabled(true);
        connectionFactory.setNetworkRecoveryInterval(10000);

        Map<String, Object> connectionFactoryPropertiesMap = new HashMap();
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("principal", "RobertoHuang");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("description", "RGP订单系统V2.0");
        connectionFactoryPropertiesMap.put("emailAddress", "[email protected]");
        connectionFactory.setClientProperties(connectionFactoryPropertiesMap);

        CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        return cachingConnectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean
    public RabbitAdmin rabbitAdmin(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        return new RabbitAdmin(connectionFactory);
    }

    @Bean
    public Exchange exchange() {
        return new DirectExchange("roberto.order", true, false, new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    public Queue queue() {
        return new Queue("roberto.order.add", true, false, false, new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    public Binding binding() {
        return new Binding("roberto.order.add", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, "roberto.order", "add", new HashMap<>());
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleMessageListenerContainer messageListenerContainer = new SimpleMessageListenerContainer();
        messageListenerContainer.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        messageListenerContainer.setQueueNames("roberto.order.add");

        messageListenerContainer.setConcurrentConsumers(5);
        messageListenerContainer.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(10);

        Map<String, Object> argumentMap = new HashMap();
        messageListenerContainer.setConsumerArguments(argumentMap);

        messageListenerContainer.setConsumerTagStrategy(new ConsumerTagStrategy() {
            @Override
            public String createConsumerTag(String s) {
                return "RGP订单系统ADD处理逻辑消费者";
            }
        });

        messageListenerContainer.setAutoStartup(true);

        MessageListenerAdapter messageListenerAdapter = new MessageListenerAdapter(new MessageHandle());
        messageListenerAdapter.setDefaultListenerMethod("handleMessage");
        Map<String, String> queueOrTagToMethodName = new HashMap<>();
        queueOrTagToMethodName.put("roberto.order.add","add");
        messageListenerAdapter.setQueueOrTagToMethodName(queueOrTagToMethodName);
        messageListenerContainer.setMessageListener(messageListenerAdapter);

        // 设置消息转换器
        ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter converter = new ContentTypeDelegatingMessageConverter();
        StringMessageConverter stringMessageConverter = new StringMessageConverter();
        FileMessageConverter fileMessageConverter = new FileMessageConverter();
        Jackson2JsonMessageConverter jackson2JsonMessageConverter = new Jackson2JsonMessageConverter();
        Map<String, Class<?>> idClassMapping = new HashMap<>();
        idClassMapping.put("order", Order.class);
        DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper javaTypeMapper = new DefaultJackson2JavaTypeMapper();
        javaTypeMapper.setIdClassMapping(idClassMapping);
        jackson2JsonMessageConverter.setJavaTypeMapper(javaTypeMapper);

        // 设置text/html text/plain 使用StringMessageConverter
        converter.addDelegate("text/html", stringMessageConverter);
        converter.addDelegate("text/plain", stringMessageConverter);
        // 设置application/json 使用Jackson2JsonMessageConverter
        converter.addDelegate("application/json", jackson2JsonMessageConverter);
        // 设置image/jpg image/png 使用FileMessageConverter
        converter.addDelegate("image/jpg", fileMessageConverter);
        converter.addDelegate("image/png", fileMessageConverter);
        messageListenerAdapter.setMessageConverter(converter);

        return messageListenerContainer;
    }
}

8.创建消费者启动类

@ComponentScan(basePackages = "roberto.growth.process.rabbitmq.spring.amqp.message.converter.consumer")
public class ConsumerApplication {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(ConsumerApplication.class);
    }
}

9.依次启动消息消费者和生产者 控制台输出如下

----------String方法进行处理----------
订单消息

----------File方法进行处理----------
18758
403e735f-88ff-4bbe-b7d3-a07766de7df9.jpg
C:\Users\ADMINI~1\AppData\Local\Temp\403e735f-88ff-4bbe-b7d3-a07766de7df9.jpg

----------Order方法进行处理----------
OD0000001---888888.888888

----------List<Order>方法进行处理----------
2
OD0000001---888888.888888
OD0000002---888888.888888

----------Map<String, Order>方法进行处理----------
OD0000001
OD0000001---888888.888888
OD0000002
OD0000002---888888.888888

在经过消息转化器后，Spring AMQP会根据最后转换结果的类型找到对应的消息处理方法，在本章中我们只介绍了消息转换器的fromMessage()方法，关于toMessage()将在后续博客中提及