上节内容回顾和补充
编程语言
高级
低级
Python种类
JavaPython
cPython *****
pypy
字节码 和 机器码
Python程序：
1.
终端：
C:\python35\python.exe D:\1.py
解释器：
C:\python35\python.exe
2. 文件形
#/usr/bin/u/ubv/a python
python 1.py
./1.py 加权限
3. 编码
#/usr/bin/u/ubv/a python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
补充：
字节，位
unicode utf8 gbk
utf8: 3
gbk : 2
4. print("sdf")
5. inp = input('>>>')
PS:
>>> hello
inp = "hello"
>>> 10
inp = "10"
# 如果将字符串转换成数字 new_inp = int(inp)
inp * 10 =?????
6. 变量名
字母
数字
下划线
要求：
不能数字开头
不能使用关键字
建议不要用python内置的。。。。
7. 条件语句
1. 基本
2. 嵌套
3. if elif else ...
8. while循环
while 条件：
....
print('...')
补充：
a. while else
b. continue break
continue ,终止当前循环，开始下一次循环
break ,终止所有循环
用户登陆（三次机会重试）
count = 0
while count < 3:
user = input('>>>')
pwd = input('>>>')
if user == 'alex' and pwd == '123':
print('欢迎登陆')
print('..........')
break
else:
print('用户名或者密码错误')
count = count + 1
今日内容：
python开发IDE： pycharm、eclipse
# 专业版
# 不要汉化
1、运算符
结果是值
算数运算
a = 10 * 10
赋值运算
a = a + 1 a+=1
结果是布尔值
比较运算
a = 1 > 5
逻辑运算
a = 1>6 or 1==1
成员运算
a = "蚊" in "郑建文"
2、基本数据类型
数字 int ，所有的功能，都放在int里
a1 = 123
a1 = 456
- int
将字符串转换为数字
a = "123"
print(type(a),a)
b = int(a)
print(type(b),b)
num = "0011"
v = int(num, base=16)
print(v)
- bit_lenght
# 当前数字的二进制，至少用n位表示
r = age.bit_length()
字符串 str
###########################################
# 1 首字母大写
# test = "aLex"
# v = test.capitalize()
# print(v)
# 2 所有变小写，casefold更牛逼，很多未知的对相应变小写
# v1 = test.casefold()
# print(v1)
# v2 = test.lower()
# print(v2)
# 3 设置宽度，并将内容居中
# 20 代指总长度
# * 空白未知填充，一个字符，可有可无
# v = test.center(20,"中")
# print(v)
# test = "alex"
# v = test.ljust(20,"*")
# print(v)
# test = "alex"
# v = test.rjust(20,"*")
# print(v)
# test = "alex"
# v = test.zfill(20)
# print(v)
# 4 去字符串中寻找，寻找子序列的出现次数
# test = "aLexalexr"
# v = test.count('ex')
# print(v)
# test = "aLexalexr"
# v = test.count('ex',5,6)
# print(v)
# 欠
# encode
# decode
# 5
# 以什么什么结尾
# 以什么什么开始
# test = "alex"
# v = test.endswith('ex')
# v = test.startswith('ex')
# print(v)
# 6 expandtabs,断句20，
# test = "username\temail\tpassword\nlaiying\[email protected]\t123\nlaiying\[email protected]\t123\nlaiying\[email protected]\t123"
# v = test.expandtabs(20)
# print(v)
# 7 从开始往后找，找到第一个之后，获取其未知
# > 或 >=
# test = "alexalex"
# 未找到 -1
# v = test.find('ex')
# print(v)
# 8 index找不到，报错 忽略
# test = "alexalex"
# v = test.index('8')
# print(v)
# 9 格式化，将一个字符串中的占位符替换为指定的值
# test = 'i am {name}, age {a}'
# print(test)
# v = test.format(name='alex',a=19)
# print(v)
# test = 'i am {0}, age {1}'
# print(test)
# v = test.format('alex',19)
# print(v)
# 10 格式化，传入的值 {"name": 'alex', "a": 19}
# test = 'i am {name}, age {a}'
# v1 = test.format(name='df',a=10)
# v2 = test.format_map({"name": 'alex', "a": 19})
# 11 字符串中是否只包含 字母和数字
# test = "123"
# v = test.isalnum()
# print(v)
# str
# 12 是否是字母，汉子
# test = "as2df"
# v = test.isalpha()
# print(v)
# 13 当前输入是否是数字
# test = "二" # 1，②
# v1 = test.isdecimal()
# v2 = test.isdigit()
# v3 = test.isnumeric()
# print(v1,v2,v3)
# 14 是否存在不可显示的字符
# \t 制表符
# \n 换行
# test = "oiuas\tdfkj"
# v = test.isprintable()
# print(v)
# 15 判断是否全部是空格
# test = ""
# v = test.isspace()
# print(v)
# 16 判断是否是标题
# test = "Return True if all cased characters in S are uppercase and there is"
# v1 = test.istitle()
# print(v1)
# v2 = test.title()
# print(v2)
# v3 = v2.istitle()
# print(v3)
# 17 ***** 将字符串中的每一个元素按照指定分隔符进行拼接
# test = "你是风儿我是沙"
# print(test)
# # t = ' '
# v = "_".join(test)
# print(v)
# 18 判断是否全部是大小写 和 转换为大小写
# test = "Alex"
# v1 = test.islower()
# v2 = test.lower()
# print(v1, v2)
# v1 = test.isupper()
# v2 = test.upper()
# print(v1,v2)
# 19
# 移除指定字符串
# 有限最多匹配
# test = "xa"
# # v = test.lstrip('xa')
# v = test.rstrip('9lexxexa')
# # v = test.strip('xa')
# print(v)
# test.lstrip()
# test.rstrip()
# test.strip()
# 去除左右空白
# v = test.lstrip()
# v = test.rstrip()
# v = test.strip()
# print(v)
# print(test)
# 去除\t \n
# v = test.lstrip()
# v = test.rstrip()
# v = test.strip()
# print(v)
# 20 对应关系替换
# test = "aeiou"
# test1 = "12345"
# v = "asidufkasd;fiuadkf;adfkjalsdjf"
# m = str.maketrans("aeiou", "12345")
# new_v = v.translate(m)
# print(new_v)
# 21 分割为三部分
# test = "testasdsddfg"
# v = test.partition('s')
# print(v)
# v = test.rpartition('s')
# print(v)
# 22 分割为指定个数
# v = test.split('s',2)
# print(v)
# test.rsplit()
# 23 分割，只能根据，true，false：是否保留换行
# test = "asdfadfasdf\nasdfasdf\nadfasdf"
# v = test.splitlines(False)
# print(v)
# 24 以xxx开头，以xx结尾
# test = "backend 1.1.1.1"
# v = test.startswith('a')
# print(v)
# test.endswith('a)
# 25 大小写转换
# test = "aLex"
# v = test.swapcase()
# print(v)
# 26 字母，数字，下划线 ： 标识符 def class
# a = "def"
# v = a.isidentifier()
# print(v)
# 27 将指定字符串替换为指定字符串
# test = "alexalexalex"
# v = test.replace("ex",'bbb')
# print(v)
# v = test.replace("ex",'bbb',2)
# print(v)
###################### 7个基本魔法 ######################
# join # '_'.join("asdfasdf")
# split
# find
# strip
# upper
# lower
# replace
###################### 4个灰魔法 ######################
# test = "郑建文妹子有种冲我来"
# 一、for循环
# for 变量名 in 字符串:
# 变量名
# break
# continue
# index = 0
# while index < len(test):
# v = test[index]
# print(v)
#
# index += 1
# print('=======')
# for zjw in test:
# print(zjw)
# test = "郑建文妹子有种冲我来"
# for item in test:
# print(item)
# break
# for item in test:
# continue
# print(item)
# 二、索引，下标，获取字符串中的某一个字符
# v = test[3]
# print(v)
# 三、切片
# v = test[0:-1] # 0=< <1
# print(v)
# 四、获取长度
# Python3： len获取当前字符串中由几个字符组成
# v = len(test)
# print(v)
# 注意：
# len("asdf")
# for循环
# 索引
# 切片
# 五、获取连续或不连续的数字，
# Python2中直接创建在内容中
# python3中只有for循环时，才一个一个创建
# r1 = range(10)
# r2 = range(1,10)
# r3 = range(1,10,2)
# 帮助创建连续的数字,通过设置步长来指定不连续
# v = range(0, 100, 5)
#
# for item in v:
# print(item)
##### 练习题：根据用户输入的值，输出每一个字符以及当前字符所在的索引位置 #####
# test = input(">>>")
# for item in test:
# print(item)
# 将文字 对应的索引打印出来：
# test = input(">>>")
# print(test) # test = qwe test[0] test[1]
# l = len(test) # l = 3
# print(l)
#
# r = range(0,l) # 0,3
# for item in r:
# print(item, test[item]) # 0 q,1 w,2 e
# test = input(">>>")
# for item in range(0, len(test)):
# print(item, test[item])
###################### 1个深灰魔法 ######################
# 字符串一旦创建，不可修改
# 一旦修改或者拼接，都会造成重新生成字符串
# name = "zhengjianwen"
# age = "18"
#
# info = name + age
# print(info)
列表 list
...
元祖 tuple
...
字典 dict
...
布尔值 bool
...
----> 列表,元祖,字典,布尔值 详细操作见课上代码
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
# v = "李杰"
# for item in v:
# print(item)
####################################################################################################
# str
# name = "alex"
# list # 类，列表
# li = [1, 12, 9, "age", ["石振文", ["19", 10], "庞麦郎"], "alex", True] # 通过list类创建的对象，li
# list 类
# list类的一个对象
#######################################灰魔法: list类中提供的方法 #######################################
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# 参数
# 1. 原来值最后追加
# 对象.方法(..) # li对象调用append方法
# li.append(5)
# li.append("alex")
# li.append([1234,2323])
# print(li)
# 2 清空列表
# li.clear()
# print(li)
# 3 拷贝，浅拷贝
# v = li.copy()
# print(v)
# 4. 计算元素出现的次数
# v = li.count(22)
# print(v)
# 5. 扩展原列表，参数：可迭代对象
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# li.append([9898,"不得了"])
# [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, [9898, '不得了']]
# li.extend([9898,"不得了"])
# for i in [9898,"不得了"]:
# li.append(i)
# [11, 22, 33, 22, 44, 9898, '不得了']
#
# li.extend("不得了")
# print(li)
# 6. 根据值获取当前值索引位置（左边优先）
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# v= li.index(22)
# print(v)
# 7. 在指定索引位置插入元素
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# li.insert(0,99)
# print(li)
# 8、 删除某个值(1.指定索引；2. 默认最后一个)，并获取删除的值
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# v = li.pop()
# print(li)
# print(v)
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# v = li.pop(1)
# print(li)
# print(v)
# 9. 删除列表中的指定值，左边优先
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# li.remove(22)
# print(li)
# PS: pop remove del li[0] del li[7:9] clear
# 10 将当前列表进行翻转
# li = [11, 22, 33, 22, 44]
# li.reverse()
# print(li)
# 11 列表的排序
# li = [11,44, 22, 33, 22]
# li.sort()
# li.sort(reverse=True)
# print(li)
### 欠
# cmp
# key
# sorted
####################################### 深灰魔法 #######################################
# 1. 列表格式
# 2. 列表中可以嵌套任何类型
# 中括号括起来
# ，分割每个元素
# 列表中的元素可以是 数字，字符串,列表，布尔值..所有的都能放进去
# “集合”，内部放置任何东西
"""
# 3.
# 索引取值
print(li[3])
# 4 切片，切片结果也是列表
print(li[3:-1])
# 5 for循环
# while循环
for item in li:
print(item)
"""
# 列表元素，可以被修改
# li = [1, 12, 9, "age", ["石振文", ["19", 10], "庞麦郎"], "alex", True]
############## 6 索引
# 修改
# li[1] = 120
# print(li)
# li[1] = [11,22,33,44]
# print(li)
# 删除,第一种方式
# del li[1]
# print(li)
############## 7 切片
# 修改
# li[1:3] = [120,90]
# print(li)
# 删除
# del li[2:6]
# print(li)
# 8 in 操作
# li = [1, 12, 9, "age", ["石振文", ["19", 10], "庞麦郎"], "alex", True]
# v1 = "石振文" in li
# print(v1)
# v2 = "age" in li
# print(v2)
###### 列表中的元素，
# 9 操作
# li = [1, 12, 9, "age", ["石振文", ["19", 10], "庞麦郎"], "alex", True]
# li[4][1][0]
# [1]
# li = [1, 12, 9, "age", ["石振文", ["19", 10], "庞麦郎"], "alex", True]
# s = "pouaskdfauspdfiajsdkfj"
# s = 123
# a = "123"
# int(a)
# a = 123
# str(a)
# 10 转换
# 字符串转换列表 li = list("asdfasdfasdf"), 内部使用for循环
# s = "pouaskdfauspdfiajsdkfj"
# new_li = list(s)
# print(new_li)
# 列表转换成字符串，
# 需要自己写for循环一个一个处理： 既有数字又有字符串
# li = [11,22,33,"123","alex"]
# # r = str(li) # '[11,22,33,"123","alex"]'
# # print(r)
# s = ""
# for i in li:
# s = s + str(i)
# print(s)
# 直接使用字符串join方法：列表中的元素只有字符串
# li = ["123","alex"]
# v = "".join(li)
# print(v)
### 补充：字符串创建后，不可修改
# v = "alex"
# v = v.replace('l','el')
# print(v)
# li = [11,22,33,44]
# li[0]
# li[0] = 999
# s = "alex"
# li[0]
# s[0] = "E"
# li = [11,22,33,44]
# print(li)
# print(li)
# print(li)
# print(li)
# print(li)
# print(li)
# print(li)
# print(li)
# 列表，有序；元素可以被修改
# 列表
# list
# li = [111,22,33,44]
####################################################################################################
# 元组，元素不可被修改，不能被增加或者删除
# tuple
# tu = (11,22,33,44)
# tu.count(22),获取指定元素在元组中出现的次数
# tu.index(22)
####################################### 深灰魔法 #######################################
# 1. 书写格式
# tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,)
# 一般写元组的时候，推荐在最后加入 ,
# 元素不可被修改，不能被增加或者删除
# 2. 索引
# v = tu[0]
# print(v)
# 3. 切片
# v = tu[0:2]
# print(v)
# 4. 可以被for循环，可迭代对象
# for item in tu:
# print(item)
# 5. 转换
# s = "asdfasdf0"
# li = ["asdf","asdfasdf"]
# tu = ("asdf","asdf")
#
# v = tuple(s)
# print(v)
# v = tuple(li)
# print(v)
# v = list(tu)
# print(v)
# v = "_".join(tu)
# print(v)
# li = ["asdf","asdfasdf"]
# li.extend((11,22,33,))
# print(li)
# 6.元组的一级元素不可修改/删除/增加
# tu = (111,"alex",(11,22),[(33,44)],True,33,44,)
# # 元组，有序。
# # v = tu[3][0][0]
# # print(v)
# # v=tu[3]
# # print(v)
# tu[3][0] = 567
# print(tu)
####################################################################################################
# 字典
# dict
# dict
# dic = {
# "k1": 'v1',
# "k2": 'v2'
# }
# 1 根据序列，创建字典，并指定统一的值
# v = dict.fromkeys(["k1",123,"999"],123)
# print(v)
# 2 根据Key获取值，key不存在时，可以指定默认值（None）
# v = dic['k11111']
# print(v)
# v = dic.get('k1',111111)
# print(v)
# 3 删除并获取值
# dic = {
# "k1": 'v1',
# "k2": 'v2'
# }
# v = dic.pop('k1',90)
# print(dic,v)
# k,v = dic.popitem()
# print(dic,k,v)
# 4 设置值，
# 已存在，不设置，获取当前key对应的值
# 不存在，设置，获取当前key对应的值
# dic = {
# "k1": 'v1',
# "k2": 'v2'
# }
# v = dic.setdefault('k1111','123')
# print(dic,v)
# 5 更新
# dic = {
# "k1": 'v1',
# "k2": 'v2'
# }
# dic.update({'k1': '111111','k3': 123})
# print(dic)
# dic.update(k1=123,k3=345,k5="asdf")
# print(dic)
# 6 keys() 7 values() 8 items() get update
##########
# 1、基本机构
# info = {
# "k1": "v1", # 键值对
# "k2": "v2"
# }
#### 2 字典的value可以是任何值
# info = {
# "k1": 18,
# "k2": True,
# "k3": [
# 11,
# [],
# (),
# 22,
# 33,
# {
# 'kk1': 'vv1',
# 'kk2': 'vv2',
# 'kk3': (11,22),
# }
# ],
# "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# print(info)
#### 3 布尔值(1,0)、列表、字典不能作为字典的key
# info ={
# 1: 'asdf',
# "k1": 'asdf',
# True: "123",
# # [11,22]: 123
# (11,22): 123,
# # {'k1':'v1'}: 123
#
# }
# print(info)
# 4 字典无序
# info = {
# "k1": 18,
# "k2": True,
# "k3": [
# 11,
# [],
# (),
# 22,
# 33,
# {
# 'kk1': 'vv1',
# 'kk2': 'vv2',
# 'kk3': (11,22),
# }
# ],
# "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# print(info)
# 5、索引方式找到指定元素
# info = {
# "k1": 18,
# 2: True,
# "k3": [
# 11,
# [],
# (),
# 22,
# 33,
# {
# 'kk1': 'vv1',
# 'kk2': 'vv2',
# 'kk3': (11,22),
# }
# ],
# "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# # v = info['k1']
# # print(v)
# # v = info[2]
# # print(v)
# v = info['k3'][5]['kk3'][0]
# print(v)
# 6 字典支持 del 删除
# info = {
# "k1": 18,
# 2: True,
# "k3": [
# 11,
# [],
# (),
# 22,
# 33,
# {
# 'kk1': 'vv1',
# 'kk2': 'vv2',
# 'kk3': (11,22),
# }
# ],
# "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# del info['k1']
#
# del info['k3'][5]['kk1']
# print(info)
# 7 for循环
# dict
# info = {
# "k1": 18,
# 2: True,
# "k3": [
# 11,
# [],
# (),
# 22,
# 33,
# {
# 'kk1': 'vv1',
# 'kk2': 'vv2',
# 'kk3': (11,22),
# }
# ],
# "k4": (11,22,33,44)
# }
# for item in info:
# print(item)
#
# for item in info.keys():
# print(item)
# for item in info.values():
# print(item)
# for item in info.keys():
# print(item,info[item])
# for k,v in info.items():
# print(k,v)
# True 1 False 0
# info ={
# "k1": 'asdf',
# True: "123",
# # [11,22]: 123
# (11,22): 123,
# # {'k1':' v1'}: 123
#
# }
# print(info)
####################### 整理 #################
# 一、数字
# int(..)
# 二、字符串
# replace/find/join/strip/startswith/split/upper/lower/format
# tempalte = "i am {name}, age : {age}"
# # v = tempalte.format(name='alex',age=19)
# v = tempalte.format(**{"name": 'alex','age': 19})
# print(v)
# 三、列表
# append、extend、insert
# 索引、切片、循环
# 四、元组
# 忽略
# 索引、切片、循环 以及元素不能被修改
# 五、字典
# get/update/keys/values/items
# for,索引
# dic = {
# "k1": 'v1'
# }
# v = "k1" in dic
# print(v)
# v = "v1" in dic.values()
# print(v)
# 六、布尔值
# 0 1
# bool(...)
# None "" () [] {} 0 ==> False