Spring Boot入门教程(五十): httpclient

在开发中经常会遇到调用第三方的接口，这里介绍一下在spring boot中如何使用httpclient来发送get和post请求。

引入依赖

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
    <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
    <version>4.5.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
    <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.51</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
    <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
</dependency>

application.properties

#最大连接数
http.maxTotal = 100
#并发数
http.defaultMaxPerRoute = 20
#创建连接的最长时间
http.connectTimeout=1000
#从连接池中获取到连接的最长时间
http.connectionRequestTimeout=500
#数据传输的最长时间
http.socketTimeout=10000
http.validateAfterInactivity=1000

Configuration

import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.conn.PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class HttpClientConfiguration {

    @Value("${http.maxTotal}")
    private Integer maxTotal;

    @Value("${http.defaultMaxPerRoute}")
    private Integer defaultMaxPerRoute;

    @Value("${http.connectTimeout}")
    private Integer connectTimeout;

    @Value("${http.connectionRequestTimeout}")
    private Integer connectionRequestTimeout;

    @Value("${http.socketTimeout}")
    private Integer socketTimeout;

    @Value("${http.validateAfterInactivity}")
    private Integer validateAfterInactivity;


    @Bean
    public PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager(){
        PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager();
        connectionManager.setMaxTotal(maxTotal);
        connectionManager.setDefaultMaxPerRoute(defaultMaxPerRoute);
        connectionManager.setValidateAfterInactivity(validateAfterInactivity);
        return connectionManager;
    }

    @Bean
    public HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder(PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager poolingHttpClientConnectionManager){
        HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder = HttpClientBuilder.create();
        httpClientBuilder.setConnectionManager(poolingHttpClientConnectionManager);

        return httpClientBuilder;
    }

    @Bean
    public CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient(HttpClientBuilder httpClientBuilder){
        return httpClientBuilder.build();
    }


    @Bean
    public RequestConfig.Builder builder(){
        RequestConfig.Builder builder = RequestConfig.custom();
        return builder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout)
                .setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout)
                .setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout);
    }

    @Bean
    public RequestConfig requestConfig(RequestConfig.Builder builder){
        return builder.build();
    }
}

HttpClient

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.http.HttpStatus;
import org.apache.http.client.config.RequestConfig;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.CloseableHttpResponse;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpPost;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.entity.ContentType;
import org.apache.http.entity.StringEntity;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.CloseableHttpClient;
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import java.util.Map;


@Component
public class HttpClient {

    /** 默认字符集 */
    public static final String DEFAULT_CHARSET = "UTF-8";

    @Autowired
    private CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient;

    @Autowired
    private RequestConfig config;


    /**
     * 用于JSON格式的API调用
     * @param url url地址
     * @param requestParameter  请求参数
     * @param clazz 接口返回值的类型
     * @return
     * @throws Exception
     */
    public <T> T doGet(String url, Map<String, Object> requestParameter, Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
        String responseJson = this.doGet(url, requestParameter);
        T response = JSONObject.parseObject(responseJson, clazz);
        return response;
    }

    public String doGet(String url, Map<String, Object> requestParameter) throws Exception {
        URIBuilder uriBuilder = new URIBuilder(url);

        if (requestParameter != null) {
            for (Map.Entry<String, Object> entry : requestParameter.entrySet()) {
                uriBuilder.setParameter(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue().toString());
            }
        }

        return this.doGet(uriBuilder.build().toString());
    }

    public String doGet(String url) throws Exception {
        HttpGet httpGet = new HttpGet(url);
        httpGet.setConfig(config);
        httpGet.addHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType());
        CloseableHttpResponse response = this.closeableHttpClient.execute(httpGet);

        int statusCode = response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode();
        if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            throw new Exception("api request exception, http reponse code:" + statusCode);
        }

        return EntityUtils.toString(response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET);
    }

    public <T> T doPost(String url, Map<String, Object> requestParameter, Class<T> clazz) throws Exception {
        HttpResponse httpResponse = this.doPost(url, requestParameter);
        int statusCode = httpResponse.getCode();
        if (statusCode != HttpStatus.SC_OK) {
            throw new Exception("api request exception, http reponse code:" + statusCode);
        }

        T response = JSONObject.parseObject(httpResponse.getBody(), clazz);
        return response;
    }

    public HttpResponse doPost(String url, Map<String, Object> requestParameter) throws Exception {
        HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(url);
        httpPost.setConfig(config);
        httpPost.addHeader(HttpHeaders.CONTENT_TYPE, ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType());

        if (requestParameter != null) {
            String requestBody = JSONObject.toJSONString(requestParameter);
            StringEntity postEntity = new StringEntity(requestBody, "UTF-8");
            httpPost.setEntity(postEntity);
        }

        CloseableHttpResponse response = this.closeableHttpClient.execute(httpPost);
        // 对请求的响应进行简单的包装成自定义的类型
        return new HttpResponse(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), EntityUtils.toString(
                response.getEntity(), DEFAULT_CHARSET));
    }


    public HttpResponse doPost(String url) throws Exception {
        return this.doPost(url, null);
    }


    /**
     * 封住请求的响应码和响应的内容
     */
    public class HttpResponse {
        /** http status */
        private Integer code;
        /** http response content */
        private String body;

        public HttpResponse() { }

        public HttpResponse(Integer code, String body) {
            this.code = code;
            this.body = body;
        }

        public Integer getCode() {
            return code;
        }

        public void setCode(Integer code) {
            this.code = code;
        }

        public String getBody() {
            return body;
        }

        public void setBody(String body) {
            this.body = body;
        }
    }
}

User

import lombok.AllArgsConstructor;
import lombok.Data;
import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor;
import lombok.ToString;


@Data
@ToString
@AllArgsConstructor
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class User {
    private Long id;
    private String username;
}

controller

@RestController
public class TestController {

    @Autowired
    private HttpClient httpClient;

    @GetMapping("testGet")
    public String testGet() throws Exception {
        return httpClient.doGet("http://www.baidu.com");
    }

    @PostMapping("tesPost")
    public User tesPost() throws Exception {
        Map<String, Object> paramMap = new HashMap<>();
        paramMap.put("id", "1");
        paramMap.put("username", "mengda");
        User user = httpClient.doPost("http://localhost:8080/doPost", paramMap, User.class);
        return user;
    }

    @PostMapping("doPost")
    public User doPost(@RequestBody User user) {
        User newUser = new User(user.getId(), user.getUsername() + "y");
        return newUser;
    }
}

在这里插入图片描述

Spring Boot入门教程(五十): httpclient

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