Mybatis 学习笔记(四)——关联(映射)关系(一对一,一对多)

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一、背景知识

   在介绍映射关系之前需要我们对 resultMap 要足够了解。在 resultMap 中有如下节点可配置:

  • id :唯一标识列,column 为数据库ID列,property为 POJO 的id属性,注意在查询出的结果集中每一列都必须不一样,标记结果作为 ID 可以帮助提高整体效能;
  • constructor :类在实例化时,用来注入结果到构造方法中id – 一个 ID 结果;标记结果作为 ID 可以帮助提高整体效能;注意:一是 constructor 中字段的顺序一定要与POJO中定义的字段顺序相同且类型匹配;二是如果POJO中只有有参构造方法时则必须配置;
    • idArg :ID 参数;标记结果作为 ID 可以帮助提高整体效能;
    • arg :注入到构造方法的一个普通结果。
  • result :注入到字段或 POJO 属性的普通结果
  • association :用于映射关联查询到单个对象的信息
    • 嵌入结果映射 :结果映射自身的关联,或者参考一个
  • collection :对关联查询到多条记录映射到集合对象中,其中属性ofType表示指定映射到集合属性中pojo的类型;
    • 嵌入结果映射 :结果映射自身的关联,或者参考一个
  • discriminator :使用结果值来决定使用哪个结果映射
    • case :基于某些值的结果映射
      • 嵌入结果映射 :这种情形结果也映射它本身,因此可以包含很多相同的元素,或者它可以参照一个外部的结果映射。

关于 resultMap 的详细可查看 mybatis的Mapper文件配置

二、一对一映射关系

1. 需求:查询订单信息,关联查询创建订单的用户信息,ResultMap实现
2. 数据库表有 ORDERS,USER,ORDERDETAIL,ITEMS。点击下载
3. POJO类

Orders 与 User 是一对一的关系,在 Orders 中 加入 User 对象。
User.java

package com.po;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户类
 * @author 欧阳
 *
 */
public class User {
	private int id;				//id
	private String username;	//用户名
	private String sex;			//性别
	private Date birthday;		//生日
	private String address;		//地址
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
	
}

Orders.java

package com.po;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 订单类
 * @author 欧阳
 *
 */
public class Orders {
    private Integer id; 		//id
    private Integer userId; 	//用户id
    private String number; 		//数量
    private Date createtime;  	//创建时间
    private String note; 		//备注
    private User user;			//用户信息
    
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(String number) {
        this.number = number == null ? null : number.trim();
    }

    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }

    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }

    public String getNote() {
        return note;
    }

    public void setNote(String note) {
        this.note = note == null ? null : note.trim();
    }

	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
}
4. 编写Mapper.xml

OrdersCustomMapper.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">

<mapper namespace="com.mapper.OrdersCustomMapper">
	
	<!-- 
		查询订单信息,关联查询创建订单的用户信息(一对一查询)
		使用resultMap将结果映射到OrdersCustom类中
	 -->
	<!-- 定义查询订单及关联用户信息结果的resultMap -->
	<resultMap type="com.po.Orders" id="OrdersUserResultMap">
		<!-- 配置映射的订单信息 -->
		<id column="id" property="id"/>
		<result column="user_id" property="userId"/>
		<result column="number" property="number"/>
		<result column="createtime" property="createtime"/>
		<result column="note" property="note"/>
		
		<!-- 配置映射关系的用户信息 -->
		<!-- 
			association:用于映射关联查询单个对象的信息
			property:将要关联查询的用户信息映射到Orders的哪个属性
		 -->
		<association property="user" javaType="com.po.User">
			<id column="id_" property="id"/>
			<result column="username" property="username"/>
			<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
			<result column="address" property="address"/>
		</association>
	</resultMap>
	
	<select id="findOrdersUserResultMap" resultMap="OrdersUserResultMap">
		SELECT
			ORDERS.*, 
			u.id id_,
			u.USERNAME,
			u.SEX,
			u.address
		FROM
			ORDERS,
			USER u
		WHERE
			ORDERS.user_id = u.ID
	</select>

</mapper>

5. 编写Mapper接口(采用Mapper代理的方式)

OrdersCustomMapper.java

package com.mapper;

import java.util.List;

import com.po.Orders;

public interface OrdersCustomMapper {

	/*
	 * 查询订单信息,关联查询创建订单的用户信息,ResultMap实现
	 */
	public List<Orders> findOrdersUserResultMap() throws Exception;
	
}

6. 测试

使用JUnit4 进行测试,下面是测试的主要代码。OrdersCustomMapperTest.java

private SqlSessionFactory  sqlSessionFactory;
//此方法是在执行testFindUserById之前执行
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
	String resource = "config/SqlMapConfig.xml";
	InputStream inputStream = Resources.getResourceAsStream(resource);

	// 创建会话工厂
	this.sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder()
			.build(inputStream);
}
@Test
public void testFindOrdersUserResultMap() {
	SqlSession sqlsession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
	OrdersCustomMapper mapper = sqlsession
			.getMapper(OrdersCustomMapper.class);
	try {
		List<Orders> orders = mapper.findOrdersUserResultMap();
		System.out.println(orders.size());
	} catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}

三、一对多映射关系

1. 需求:查询订单及订单明细
2. POJO类

Orders.java

package com.po;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 订单类
 * @author 欧阳
 *
 */
public class Orders {
    private Integer id; 		//id
    private Integer userId; 	//用户id
    private String number; 		//数量
    private Date createtime;  	//创建时间
    private String note; 		//备注
    private User user;			//用户信息
    
    private List<Orderdetail> orderdetail; //订单明细
    
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getUserId() {
        return userId;
    }

    public void setUserId(Integer userId) {
        this.userId = userId;
    }

    public String getNumber() {
        return number;
    }

    public void setNumber(String number) {
        this.number = number == null ? null : number.trim();
    }

    public Date getCreatetime() {
        return createtime;
    }

    public void setCreatetime(Date createtime) {
        this.createtime = createtime;
    }

    public String getNote() {
        return note;
    }

    public void setNote(String note) {
        this.note = note == null ? null : note.trim();
    }

	public User getUser() {
		return user;
	}

	public void setUser(User user) {
		this.user = user;
	}
	
	
	public List<Orderdetail> getOrderdetail() {
		return orderdetail;
	}

	public void setOrderdetail(List<Orderdetail> orderdetail) {
		this.orderdetail = orderdetail;
	}

}

User.java

package com.po;

import java.util.Date;
import java.util.List;

/**
 * 用户类
 * @author 欧阳
 *
 */
public class User {
	private int id;				//id
	private String username;	//用户名
	private String sex;			//性别
	private Date birthday;		//生日
	private String address;		//地址
	
	public int getId() {
		return id;
	}
	public void setId(int id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	public String getUsername() {
		return username;
	}
	public void setUsername(String username) {
		this.username = username;
	}
	public String getSex() {
		return sex;
	}
	public void setSex(String sex) {
		this.sex = sex;
	}
	public Date getBirthday() {
		return birthday;
	}
	public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {
		this.birthday = birthday;
	}
	public String getAddress() {
		return address;
	}
	public void setAddress(String address) {
		this.address = address;
	}
}

Orderdetail.java

package com.po;

/**
 * 订单详情类
 * @author 欧阳
 *
 */
public class Orderdetail {
    private Integer id;

    private Integer ordersId;

    private Integer itemsId;

    private Integer itemsNum;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public Integer getOrdersId() {
        return ordersId;
    }

    public void setOrdersId(Integer ordersId) {
        this.ordersId = ordersId;
    }

    public Integer getItemsId() {
        return itemsId;
    }

    public void setItemsId(Integer itemsId) {
        this.itemsId = itemsId;
    }

    public Integer getItemsNum() {
        return itemsNum;
    }

    public void setItemsNum(Integer itemsNum) {
        this.itemsNum = itemsNum;
    }
}
3. 编写映射关系

将下面的代码加入 OrdersCustomMapper.xml 中

<!-- 
查询订单及订单明细(一对多查询)
 -->
<!-- 定义查询订单及关联订单信息商品信息结果的resultMap -->
<resultMap type="com.po.Orders" id="OrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap">
	<!-- 配置映射的订单信息 -->
	<id column="id" property="id"/>
	<result column="user_id" property="userId"/>
	<result column="number" property="number"/>
	<result column="createtime" property="createtime"/>
	<result column="note" property="note"/>
	
	<!-- 配置映射关系的用户信息 -->
	<association property="user" javaType="com.po.User">
		<id column="u_id" property="id"/>
		<result column="username" property="username"/>
		<result column="sex" property="sex"/>
		<result column="address" property="address"/>
	</association>
	
	<!-- 配置映射关系的订单明细 -->
	<!-- 
		collection:对关联查询到多条记录映射到集合对象中
		property:将要关联查询的用户信息映射到Orders的哪个属性
		ofType:指定映射到集合属性中pojo的类型
	 -->
	<collection property="orderdetail" ofType="com.po.Orderdetail">
		<id column="od_id" property="id"/>
		<result column="orders_id" property="ordersId"/>
		<result column="items_id" property="itemsId"/>
		<result column="items_num" property="itemsNum"/>
	</collection>
	
</resultMap>

<select id="findOrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap" resultMap="OrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap">
	SELECT
		o.*,
		od.id od_id,
		od.items_id,
		od.items_num,
	    od.orders_id,
		u.id u_id,
		u.USERNAME,
		u.SEX,
		u.address
	FROM
		orders o,
		orderDetail od,
		user u
	WHERE
		o.id = od.orders_id
	AND o.user_id = u.id
</select>
4. 编写映射接口

将下面代码添加到 OrdersCustomMapper.java 中

/*
 * 查询订单及订单明细
 */
public List<Orders> findOrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap() throws Exception;

5. 测试接口

将下面代码加入 OrdersCustomMapperTest.java 中

@Test
public void testFindOrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap() {
	SqlSession sqlsession = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
	OrdersCustomMapper mapper = sqlsession
			.getMapper(OrdersCustomMapper.class);
	try {
		List<Orders> orders = mapper.findOrdersAndOrderDetailResultMap();
		System.out.println(orders.size());
	} catch (Exception e) {
		e.printStackTrace();
	}
}

[1] mybatis的Mapper文件配置 https://www.cnblogs.com/caijh/p/7762679.html

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