版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/yinshuilan/article/details/79544931
#脚本语言 - 文件操作
#1. 熟练掌握文件操作方法
#2. 练习：
#1）读出指定文件内容
#2）找到指定文件并往里添加/修改/删除内容
#coding=utf-8
import random
import sys
import os, operator
import time
import logging
def readfile(infile):
#读取指定文件内容
'''f = open('test-easy.txt')
text = f.read()
for line in text.split('\n'):
print(line)
f.close()
for line in f:
print(line)
f.close()'''
try:
with open(infile) as f:
for line in f:
print(line)
f.close()
except Exception as e:
print("Error occurred:", e)
def createfile(newfile, startstr):
#创建文件newfile，并写入startstr
with open(newfile, 'w') as f:
f.write(startstr)
f.close()
def appendfile(file, x):
#打开指定文件file, 追加内容x
with open(file, 'a') as f:
f.write(x)
f.close()
def clearfile(file, size = 0):
#从当前位置开始截断文件，size = 0即删除文件内容
with open(file, 'w') as f: #'r+', 'rb+', 'w', 'wb', 'wb+'
f.truncate(size)
f.close()
def removefile(file):
#删除文件
try:
os.remove(file)
except Exception as e:
print("Error occurred:", e)
def modifyFile(file,initStr,replaceStr):
#找到指定文件将其中的initStr替换为replaceStr并保存
found = 0
checked = 0
try:
fr = open(file, 'r')
#文件内容的每一行作为lines列表中的每一个元素保存
lines = fr.readlines()
fr.close
flen = len(lines)
#每一行遍历找出包含initStr的那些行并依此替换为replaceStr
for i in range(flen):
if initStr in lines[i]:
lines[i] = lines[i].replace(initStr, replaceStr)
found = found +1
#保存新的lines列表到文件中
f = open(file, 'w')
f.writelines(lines)
f.close()
for i in range(flen):
if replaceStr in lines[i]:
checked = checked +1
if operator.ge(checked, found) == True:
logging.info('Pass! 文件修改并保存成功！')
return True
else:
logging.info('Fail! 文件失败')
return False
except Exception as ex:
return False
logging.error('***Error***: ',ex)
def copyFile(oldfile,newfile):
try:
#复制文件#oldfile和newfile都只能是文件
shutil.copyfile(oldfile,newfile)
except Exception as ex:
print(ex)
def main():
newfile = "test_"+str(time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d'))+".txt"
startstr = ""
for i in range(0,5):
startstr = startstr + str(i) + ' ' * 20
startstr = startstr+'\n'
createfile(newfile, startstr)
x = os.popen('netstat -nao').read()
#执行命令并读取内容：netstat -nao|findstr 3840
appendfile(newfile, x)
readfile(newfile)
modifyFile(newfile, '0.0.0.0:0', '192.168.254.1')
#clearfile(newfile)
#removefile(newfile)
if __name__ == "__main__":
main()
# 1. 熟练掌握文件夹/文件操作方法
# 2. 练习：
#1）FOLDER的 创建/删除/修改/复制/移动
#2）FILES的 创建/删除/修改/复制/移动
#coding=utf-8
import operator
import sys,logging
import os
import time
import shutil
import re
def changeCWorkDir(path): #0.转换目录到给定的路径下
'''Go to the defined directory path if current work directory is not the defined'''
cwd = os.getcwd() #Get current working directory
if cwd == path:
print('-'*10, 'current working directory is already: ', cwd, '-'*10)
else:
if os.path.exists(path) == False:
#检验给出的路径是否存在
os.makedirs(path)
print(path+'is not exist,'+'have created successfully!')
# 如果不存在，创建这个给出的多级目录
os.chdir(path)
#转换目录到给定的路径下
cwd = os.getcwd()
#获取Python脚本工作的目录路径
print('-'*10, 'current working directory is changed to: ', cwd, '-'*10)
def createfile():#1.创建新的文件
'''create the file [yyy-mm-dd.docx] if file not exist\
in current working direcotry'''
t = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
suffix = '.docx'
newFile = os.getcwd()+'\\'+t+suffix
if not os.path.exists(newFile):
print('ready to create:')
f = open(newFile, 'w')
f.close()
print(newFile+' created success.')
else:
print(newFile+' already exist.')
return
def deleteNullfile():#2.删除空文件
'''Delete all the file(s) with size = 0'''
files = os.listdir(os.getcwd())
#返回当前目录下的所有文件和目录名
for file in files:
print(file + ':' + str(os.path.getsize(file)))
#打印文件/目录名及其大小
if os.path.getsize(file) == 0: #get the size of the file, if 0, delete.
#如果文件/目录大小为0kb
if os.path.isfile(file) == True:
os.remove(file)
#删除文件
print(file+' deleted')
else:
print(file+' is not a file.')
return
def deletebySize(minSize):#3.删除当前目录下文件大小<minSizeKB的文件及目录
'''Delete the file(s) with size < minSize(Units:K) '''
files = os.listdir(os.getcwd())
#返回当前目录下的所有文件和目录名
n = 0
m = 0
for file in files:
print(file + ':' + str(os.path.getsize(file)))
#打印出文件名及对应的大小
n = n+1
if os.path.getsize(file) < minSize * 1000:
#获取文件大小<(minSize)KB 的文件
if os.path.isfile(file) == True:
os.remove(file) #删除文件
elif os.path.isdir(file) == True:
shutil.rmtree(file)
m = m+1
print(file+' has been deleted.')
print('total '+str(n)+' files under the current directory. ', \
str(m)+' files <' +str(minSize)+'KB has been deleted.')
def deleteNullFileFolder(): #4.删除当前目录下的空文件及目录
'''Delete all the file(s) with size = 0'''
files = os.listdir(os.getcwd())
#返回当前目录下的所有文件和目录名
for file in files:
print(file + ':' + str(os.path.getsize(file)))
#打印文件/目录名及其大小
if os.path.getsize(file) == 0: #get the size of the file, if 0, delete.
#如果文件/目录大小为0kb
if os.path.isdir(file) == True:
#os.rmdir(file)#只能删除空目录
shutil.rmtree(file)#删除空的/有内容的目录
elif os.path.isfile(file) == True:
os.remove(file) #删除文件
print(file+' is deleted')
def deleteDir(filepath): #5. 删除多层空目录
'''删除多层空目录'''
if os.path.exists(filepath):
shutil.rmtree(file)
print(filepath+'is deleted successfully!')
else:
print(filepath+'is already deleted!')
def renameFileFolder(oldname, newname): #6.重命名文件或目录
#重命名文件/目录
try:
os.rename(oldname, newname)
except Exception as ex:
print(ex)
def copyFolder(olddir, newdir): #7.复制olddir目录/文件到指定目录newdir
#olddir和newdir都只能是目录，且newdir必须不存在
result = False
if os.path.isdir(olddir) == True:
if os.path.exists(newdir) == False and operator.contains(os.path.basename(newdir), '.') == False:
shutil.copytree(olddir,newdir)
result = True
print('Pass! The old directory'+str(olddir)+' is copied to the new dir:' + str(newdir))
else:
result = False
print('Failed! Because of the new dir '+str(newdir)+' is not a directory or already exist. \
Cannot copy the dir: ' +str(olddir)+' to new')
#复制old文件到新的文件/目录olddir只能是文件，newdir可以是文件，也可以是目标目录
elif os.path.isfile(olddir) == True:
if os.path.exists(newdir) == False:
os.makedirs(newdir)
if os.path.isfile(newdir) == True:
shutil.copy(olddir, newdir)
result = True
print('Pass! The old file '+str(olddir)+' is copied to the new file:' + str(newdir))
elif os.path.isdir(newdir) == True:
shutil.copy(olddir, newdir)
result = True
print('Pass! The old file '+str(olddir)+' is copied to the new dir:' + str(newdir))
else:
result = False
print('Failed! The newdir is neither a directory nor a file, cannot copy old: '+str(olddir) +' to new:'+ str(newdir))
else:
result = False
print('Failed! The olddir is neither a directory nor a file, cannot copy old: '+str(olddir) +' to new:'+ str(newdir))
return result
def moveFileFolder(oldpos,newpos): #8.移动文件或目录
try:
shutil.move(oldpos,newpos)
except Exception as ex:
print('Error occured:', ex)
if __name__ == "__main__":
hint = '''function:
0. change currect working directory, if not exist, create a new one.
1. create new file
2. delete null file
3. delete by size
4. delete null file and folders
5. delete directory with multiple levels
6. rename file/folder
7. copy folder
8. move File/Folder
q. quite\n
please input number:'''
while True:
option = input(hint)
if operator.eq(option, '0') == True:
try:
path= input('e.g. "D:\Test"\
Please input the directory you want to create/navigate:')
changeCWorkDir(path)
except ValueError as ex:
print('ValueError:', ex)
elif operator.eq(option, '1') == True:
createfile()
elif operator.eq(option, '2') == True:
deleteNullfile()
elif operator.eq(option, '3') == True:
try:
unit_size= input('minSize(K):')
minSize = int(unit_size)
deletebySize(minSize)
except ValueError as e:
print('ValueError:', e)
elif operator.eq(option, '4') == True:
deleteNullFileFolder()
elif operator.eq(option, '5') == True:
try:
path= input('e.g. "D:\Test" Please input the directory you want to delete null file/folders:')
deleteDir(path)
except ValueError as ex:
print('ValueError:', ex)
elif operator.eq(option, '6') == True:
try:
oldname= input('e.g. "Test" Please input the old name of the file/folder:')
newname = input('e.g. "AutoTest" Please input the new name of the file/folder:')
renameFileFolder(oldname, newname)
except ValueError as ex:
print('ValueError:', ex)
elif operator.eq(option, '7') == True:
try:
olddir= input('e.g. "D:\Test" Please input the old folder:')
newdir = input('e.g. "D:\AutoTest" Please input the new folder:')
copyFolder(olddir, newdir)
except ValueError as ex:
print('ValueError:', ex)
elif operator.eq(option, '8') == True:
try:
oldpos= input('e.g. "D:\Test" Please input the old folder:')
newdir = input('e.g. "D:\AutoTest" Please input the new folder:')
moveFileFolder(oldpos,newpos)
except ValueError as ex:
print('ValueError:', ex)
elif operator.eq(option, 'q') == True:
print('quit!')
break
else:
print('disabled input. please try again...')