环境：
jdk1.8；spring boot2.0.2；Maven3.3
摘要说明：
任何开发过程中单元测试是一个必需的环节，springboot结合junit也很好的提供了一套单元测试的方法。
首先认识下即将使用的注解和类：
- @RunWith：就是一个运行器
- @RunWith(JUnit4.class)：就是指用JUnit4来运行
- @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)：让测试用JUnit运行于Spring测试环境
- @RunWith(SpringRunner.class)：继承@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)，无任何变动可以理解为缩写
- @RunWith(Suite.class)：就是一套测试集合
- @SpringBootTest：引入spring容器
- @SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)：引入spring容器并随即指定端口
- @LocalServerPort：注入随即接口
- @Autowired：自动注入
- @Test：标注junit测试方法
- @Before：前置方法
- @After：后置方法
- TestRestTemplate：测试工具类，是用于 Restful 请求的模版,并支持异步调用，默认情况下 RestTemplate 依靠 JDK 工具来建立 HTTP 链接
步骤：
1.创建测试类
首先需在pom.xml里面引入依赖包spring-boot-starter-test：
<!-- 测试模块，包括JUnit、Hamcrest、Mockito -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
测试类创建在src\test\java目录下；
首先需在类的头部引入注解：
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)和@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)；
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// 引入SpringBootTest并生成随机接口
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class DemoApplicationTest {
}2.使用TestRestTemplate进行http请求测试
TestRestTemplate：测试工具类，是用于 Restful 请求的模版,并支持异步调用，默认情况下 RestTemplate 依靠 JDK 工具来建立 HTTP 链接；你也可以通过 setRequestFactory 方法来切换不同的 HTTP 库，如 Apache 的 HttpComponents 或 Netty 和 OkHttp；
它主要提供了了以下方法，对应不同的 HTTP 请求
| HTTP Method | RestTemplate Methods |
|---|---|
| DELETE | delete |
| GET | getForObject、getForEntity |
| HEAD | headForHeaders |
| OPTIONS | optionsForAllow |
| POST | postForLocation、postForObject |
| PUT | put |
| any | exchange、execute |
这里就结合前两节文章提供使用exchange方式做一个示范；更多可参考：官方API；
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// 引入SpringBootTest并生成随机接口
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class DemoApplicationTest {
// 注入随机接口
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
// 引入测试模版类
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Test
public void testHello() {
System.out.println(port);
// 构建参数
MultiValueMap<String, Object> form = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
// 使用restTemplate的exchange方法进行调用
ResponseEntity<String> entity = this.restTemplate.exchange("/hello", HttpMethod.POST,
new HttpEntity<>(form, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity.getBody());
}
@Test
public void testSwagger2() {
MultiValueMap<String, Object> form = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>();
form.set("id", 1);
form.set("name", "cc");
form.set("age", 18);
ResponseEntity<String> entity = this.restTemplate.exchange("/testSwagger/users/", HttpMethod.POST,
new HttpEntity<>(form, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity.getBody());
ResponseEntity<String> entity1 = this.restTemplate.exchange("/testSwagger/users/", HttpMethod.GET,
new HttpEntity<>(form, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity1.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity1.getBody());
ResponseEntity<String> entity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange("/testSwagger/users/1?id=1&name=ccc&age=28",
HttpMethod.PUT, new HttpEntity<>(null, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity2.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity2.getBody());
ResponseEntity<String> entity3 = this.restTemplate.exchange("/testSwagger/users/", HttpMethod.GET,
new HttpEntity<>(form, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity3.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity3.getBody());
}
}3.进行业务接口测试
使用@Autowired进行业务bean自动注入再进行业务接口测试：
package com.example.demo;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest.WebEnvironment;
import org.springframework.boot.test.web.client.TestRestTemplate;
import org.springframework.boot.web.server.LocalServerPort;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;
import org.springframework.util.LinkedMultiValueMap;
import org.springframework.util.MultiValueMap;
import com.example.demo.test1.pojo.Param;
import com.example.demo.test1.pojo.Params;
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
// 引入SpringBootTest并生成随机接口
@SpringBootTest(webEnvironment = WebEnvironment.RANDOM_PORT)
public class DemoApplicationTest {
// 注入随机接口
@LocalServerPort
private int port;
// 引入测试模版类
@Autowired
private TestRestTemplate restTemplate;
@Autowired
private Param param;
@Autowired
private Params params;
@Before
public void init() {
System.out.println("开始测试-----------------");
}
@After
public void after() {
System.out.println("测试结束-----------------");
}
@Test
public void testHello() {
System.out.println(port);
// 构建参数
MultiValueMap < String, Object > form = new LinkedMultiValueMap <>();
// 使用restTemplate的exchange方法进行调用
ResponseEntity < String > entity = this.restTemplate.exchange("/hello", HttpMethod.POST,
new HttpEntity <>(form, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity.getBody());
}
@Test
public void testSwagger2() {
MultiValueMap < String, Object > form = new LinkedMultiValueMap <>();
form.set("id", 1);
form.set("name", "cc");
form.set("age", 18);
ResponseEntity < String > entity = this.restTemplate.exchange("/testSwagger/users/", HttpMethod.POST,
new HttpEntity <>(form, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity.getBody());
ResponseEntity < String > entity1 = this.restTemplate.exchange("/testSwagger/users/", HttpMethod.GET,
new HttpEntity <>(form, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity1.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity1.getBody());
ResponseEntity < String > entity2 = this.restTemplate.exchange("/testSwagger/users/1?id=1&name=ccc&age=28",
HttpMethod.PUT, new HttpEntity <>(null, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity2.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity2.getBody());
ResponseEntity < String > entity3 = this.restTemplate.exchange("/testSwagger/users/", HttpMethod.GET,
new HttpEntity <>(form, null), String.class);
System.out.println(entity3.getStatusCode());
System.out.println(entity3.getBody());
}
@Test
public void testPropertiesParams() {
System.out.println(param.toString());
System.out.println(params.toString());
}
}
4.进行方法调用
上述描述的两种测试方式写好之后，选中方法名；右击--》Run AS/Debug As-->Junit Test进行测试调试；
