新浪微博的四宫格验证码破解

在我们爬虫的时候经常会遇到验证码，新浪微博的验证码是四宫格形式。

可以采用模板验证码的破解方式，也就是把所有验证码的情况全部列出来，然后拿验证码的图片和这所有情况中的图片进行对比，然后获取验证码，再通过seleium自动拖拽点击，进行破解。

我们将验证码四个点标注为1234，那么所有的情况就是以下24种情况。

数字代表箭头指向：

1234

1243

1342

1324

1423

1432

2134

2143

2314

2341

2413

2431

3124

3142

3214

3241

3412

3421

4321

4312

4123

4132

4213

4231

所有的情况就是以上24种。我们将这24中验证码的情况放在一个文件夹内，当我们在登录的时候用获取的验证码截图去和所有的情况一一对比，然后获取完全相同的验证码，进行点击即可。代码如下：

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import time
from PIL import Image
from io import BytesIO
from os import listdir

USERNAME = ''
PASSWORD = ''

class CrackWeiboSlide():
    def __init__(self):
        self.url = 'https://passport.weibo.cn/signin/login'
        self.browser = webdriver.Chrome()
        self.wait = WebDriverWait(self.browser,20)
        self.username = USERNAME
        self.password = PASSWORD

    def __del__(self):
        self.browser.close()

    def open(self):
        """
        打开网页输入用户名密码登录
        :return: None
        """
        self.browser.get(self.url)
        username = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginName')))
        password = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.ID,'loginPassword')))
        submit = self.wait.until(EC.element_to_be_clickable((By.ID, 'loginAction')))
        username.send_keys(self.username)
        password.send_keys(self.password)
        submit.click()

    def get_position(self):
        """
        获取验证码的位置
        :return: 位置
        """
        try:
            img = self.wait.until(EC.presence_of_element_located((By.CLASS_NAME,'patt-shadow')))
        except TimeoutException:
            print('未出现验证码')
            self.open()
        time.sleep(2)
        location = img.location
        size = img.size
        top=location['y']
        bottom = location['y']+size['height']
        left = location['x']
        right = location['x']+size['width']
        return (top,bottom,left,right)

    def get_screenshot(self):
        """
        获取截图
        :return:截图
        """
        screentshot = self.browser.get_screenshot_as_png()
        # BytesIO将网页截图转换成二进制
        screentshot = Image.open(BytesIO(screentshot))
        return screentshot

    def get_image(self,name):
        """获取验证码图片"""
        top,bottom,left,right = self.get_position()
        print('验证码位置',top,bottom,left,right)
        screenshot = self.get_screenshot()
        # crop()将图片裁剪出来,后面需要一个参数
        captcha = screenshot.crop((left,top,right,bottom))
        captcha.save(name)
        return captcha

    def detect_image(self,image):
        """
        匹配图片
        :param self:
        :param image: 图片
        :return: 拖动顺序
        """
        # 图片所在的文件夹
        for template_name in listdir('templates/'):
            print('正在匹配',template_name)
            template = Image.open('templates/'+template_name)
            # 匹配图片
            if self.same_img(image,template):
                # 将匹配到的文件名转换为列表
                numbers = [int(number)for number in list(template_name.split('.')[0])]
                print('拖动顺序',numbers)
                return numbers

    def is_pixel_equal(self,image1,image2,x,y):
        """
        判断两个像素的相似度
        :param image1: 图片1
        :param image2: 图片2
        :param x: 位置x
        :param y: 位置y
        :return: 像素是否相同
        """
         # 取像素点
        pixel1 = image1.load()[x,y]
        pixel2 = image2.load()[x,y]
        # 偏差量等于60
        threshold = 60
        if abs(pixel1[0]-pixel2[0]) < threshold and abs(pixel1[1]-pixel2[1])<threshold and abs(pixel1[2]-pixel2[2])<threshold:
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def same_img(self,image,template):
        """
        识别相似的验证码
        :param image: 准备识别的验证码
        :param template: 模板
        :return:
        """
        # 相似度阈值
        threshold = 0.99
        count = 0
        # 匹配所有像素点
        for x in range(image.width):
            for y in range(image.height):
                # 判断像素
                if self.is_pixel_equal(image,template,x,y):
                    count+=1
        result = float(count)/(image.width*image.height)
        if result>threshold:
            print('成功匹配')
            return True
        return False

    def move(self,numbers):
        """
        根据顺序拖动,此处接收的参数为前面的验证码的顺序列表
        :param numbers:
        :return:
        """
        # 获取四宫格的四个点
        circles = self.browser.find_elements_by_css_selector('.patt-wrap .patt-circ')
        print('-----------------',circles)
        dx = dy =0
        for index in range(4):
            circle = circles[numbers[index]-1]
            if index  == 0:
                # 点击第一个点
                ActionChains(self.browser).move_to_element_with_offset(circle,circle.size['width']/2,circle.size['height']/2).click_and_hold().perform()
            else:
                # 慢慢移动
                times = 30
                for i in range(times):
                    ActionChains(self.browser).move_by_offset(dx/times,dy/times).perform()
                    time.sleep(1/times)
            if index == 3:
                # 松开鼠标
                ActionChains(self.browser).release().perform()
            else:
                # 计算下次的偏移
                dx = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location['x'] - circle.location['x']
                dy = circles[numbers[index+1]-1].location['y'] - circle.location['y']

    def crack(self):
        """
        破解入口
        :return:
        """
        self.open()
        # 获取验证码图片
        image = self.get_image('captcha.png')
        numbers = self.detect_image(image)
        self.move(numbers)
        time.sleep(10)
        print('识别结束')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    crack = CrackWeiboSlide()
    crack.crack()

设置自己的账号密码即可实现。

本文参考《Python3网络爬虫开发实战》