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背景
在 C++ 编程中，我们引用动态链接库（DLL）有两个办法：
- 已有 .h 和 .lib，将 .h 和 .lib 文件引入工程进行编译，将 .dll 文件拷贝到运行目录。
- 在程序中动态加载 .dll 文件，通过函数的指针使用 .dll 文件中定义的函数。
显然上述方法中，方法 1 比较容易。
但是，有时候我们拿到的只有 .h 和 .dll 文件，并没有 .lib 文件。怎么办呢？
假如我们方便找到 .dll 的源代码，而且该源代码的 dependency 比较好解决，这种情况下我们不妨自己编译出 .lib 文件。但是如果我们没有这么幸运呢？那么我们可以通过我下面描述的这个方法来解决。
请看我下面要讲的这个方法。
解决方案
首先说明一下我的软件环境：
- Windows 7 64位版本
- Visual Studio 2015 Community
在本文中，我已有 xlsxio_read.dll，我希望得到 xlsxio_read.lib。
如果你的环境和我的不一致，受影响的无非是 VC++ 的 bin 和 Common7\IDE 目录不一样。我认为你应该能够在我下面的步骤中使用你自己的路径。
生成 .DEF 文件
已知我的 \VC\bin 目录如下：
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin
已知我的 Common7\IDE 目录如下：
C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\IDE
所以，在控制台（俗称“命令行”）中执行：
path = C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\VC\bin;%PATH%
path = C:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio 14.0\Common7\IDE;%PATH%
这样好方便我们使用 dumpbin 和 lib 这两个工具。
然后，执行：
dumpbin /exports xlsxio_read.dll > xlsxio_read.def
这样，我们就得到了一个文件：xlsxio_read.def。但是，它的格式并不是正确的。
我们打开这个文件看一下：
Microsoft (R) COFF/PE Dumper Version 14.00.24213.1
Copyright (C) Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved.
Dump of file xlsxio_read.dll
File Type: DLL
Section contains the following exports for xlsxio_read.dll
00000000 characteristics
57CC218A time date stamp Sun Sep 4 21:28:42 2016
0.00 version
1 ordinal base
66 number of functions
66 number of names
ordinal hint RVA name
1 0 00002283 xlsxioread_close
2 1 00001580 xlsxioread_get_version
3 2 000015B3 xlsxioread_get_version_string
4 3 00002605 xlsxioread_list_sheets
5 4 00002226 xlsxioread_open
6 5 000036C8 xlsxioread_process
7 6 00003BEA xlsxioread_sheet_close
8 7 00003CD5 xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell
9 8 00003F92 xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_datetime
10 9 00003F4E xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_float
11 A 00003EE9 xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_int
12 B 00003EAE xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_string
13 C 00003C44 xlsxioread_sheet_next_row
14 D 00003B55 xlsxioread_sheet_open
15 E 00003A92 xlsxioread_sheetlist_close
16 F 00003AEC xlsxioread_sheetlist_next
17 10 00003984 xlsxioread_sheetlist_open
18 11 00008DE0 zip_archive_set_tempdir
19 12 00004270 zip_close
20 13 00006C70 zip_discard
21 14 00006DE0 zip_error_code_system
22 15 00006DF0 zip_error_code_zip
23 16 00006E00 zip_error_fini
24 17 00006E20 zip_error_init
25 18 00006E40 zip_error_init_with_code
26 19 00006F50 zip_error_set
27 1A 00006E90 zip_error_system_type
28 1B 00006FA0 zip_error_to_data
29 1C 00007A70 zip_fclose
30 1D 00007B80 zip_fopen
31 1E 00007BE0 zip_fopen_index_encrypted
32 1F 00007CD0 zip_fread
33 20 00007EA0 zip_get_name
34 21 00007DC0 zip_get_num_entries
35 22 00008990 zip_name_locate
36 23 0000A410 zip_open
37 24 0000A0A0 zip_open_from_source
38 25 0000A4B0 zip_source_begin_write
39 26 0000F000 zip_source_buffer
40 27 0000EE80 zip_source_buffer_create
41 28 0000A690 zip_source_close
42 29 0000A740 zip_source_commit_write
43 2A 0000B7D0 zip_source_error
44 2B 0000D8B0 zip_source_file
45 2C 0000D750 zip_source_file_create
46 2D 0000B7E0 zip_source_free = __zip_source_zip_new
47 2E 0000B9C0 zip_source_function
48 2F 0000B930 zip_source_function_create
49 30 0000B8A0 zip_source_keep
50 31 0000BFF0 zip_source_make_command_bitmap
51 32 0000BAD0 zip_source_open
52 33 0000BBD0 zip_source_read
53 34 0000BCF0 zip_source_rollback_write
54 35 0000BD50 zip_source_seek
55 36 0000BDF0 zip_source_seek_compute_offset = _zip_stat_index
56 37 0000BEA0 zip_source_seek_write
57 38 0000BF30 zip_source_stat
58 39 0000C040 zip_source_tell = __zip_string_crc32
59 3A 0000C0C0 zip_source_tell_write
60 3B 00010A00 zip_source_win32handle
61 3C 00010960 zip_source_win32handle_create = _deflate_slow
62 3D 0000DB50 zip_source_win32w
63 3E 0000DAB0 zip_source_win32w_create
64 3F 0000C770 zip_source_write
65 40 0000CDF0 zip_stat_index
66 41 0000CF50 zip_stat_init
Summary
1000 .CRT
1000 .bss
1000 .data
2000 .debug_abbrev
1000 .debug_aranges
1000 .debug_frame
19000 .debug_info
6000 .debug_line
17000 .debug_loc
3000 .debug_ranges
1000 .debug_str
1000 .edata
A000 .eh_frame
1000 .idata
E000 .rdata
4000 .reloc
37000 .text
1000 .tls
现在我们要修改这个文件，使它的格式正确。其实我们参考一个已知的 .DEF 文件就好了。
在此我参考一下 sqlite.def （这是著名的 SQLite 库的DEF文件）：
sqlite.def
EXPORTS
sqlite_open
sqlite_close
sqlite_exec
sqlite_last_insert_rowid
sqlite_error_string
sqlite_interrupt
sqlite_complete
sqlite_busy_handler
sqlite_busy_timeout
sqlite_get_table
sqlite_free_table
sqlite_mprintf
sqlite_vmprintf
sqlite_exec_printf
sqlite_exec_vprintf
sqlite_get_table_printf
sqlite_get_table_vprintf
sqlite_freemem
sqlite_libversion
sqlite_libencoding
sqlite_changes
sqlite_create_function
sqlite_create_aggregate
sqlite_function_type
sqlite_user_data
sqlite_aggregate_context
sqlite_aggregate_count
sqlite_set_result_string
sqlite_set_result_int
sqlite_set_result_double
sqlite_set_result_error
sqliteMalloc
sqliteFree
sqliteRealloc
sqlite_set_authorizer
sqlite_trace
sqlite_compile
sqlite_step
sqlite_finalize
我们看一下 xlsxio_read.h 好知道都有哪些函数是我们需要导出的。不需要导出的函数就可以不必出现在 .def 文件中：
xlsxio_read.h
/*****************************************************************************
Copyright (C) 2016 Brecht Sanders All Rights Reserved
Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
THE SOFTWARE.
*****************************************************************************/
/**
* @file xlsxio_read.h
* @brief XLSX I/O header file for reading .xlsx files.
* @author Brecht Sanders
* @date 2016
* @copyright MIT
*
* Include this header file to use XLSX I/O for reading .xlsx files and
* link with -lxlsxio_read.
* This header provides both advanced methods using callback functions and
* simple methods for iterating through data.
*/
#ifndef INCLUDED_XLSXIO_READ_H
#define INCLUDED_XLSXIO_READ_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#if defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER < 1600
typedef signed __int64 int64_t;
#else
#include <stdint.h>
#endif
#include <time.h>
/*! \cond PRIVATE */
#ifndef DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO
#ifdef _WIN32
#if defined(BUILD_XLSXIO_DLL)
#define DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO __declspec(dllexport)
#elif !defined(STATIC) && !defined(BUILD_XLSXIO_STATIC) && !defined(BUILD_XLSXIO)
#define DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO __declspec(dllimport)
#else
#define DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO
#endif
#else
#define DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO
#endif
#endif
/*! \endcond */
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
/*! \brief get xlsxio_write version string
* \param pmajor pointer to integer that will receive major version number
* \param pminor pointer to integer that will receive minor version number
* \param pmicro pointer to integer that will receive micro version number
* \sa xlsxiowrite_get_version_string()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO void xlsxioread_get_version (int* pmajor, int* pminor, int* pmicro);
/*! \brief get xlsxio_write version string
* \return version string
* \sa xlsxiowrite_get_version()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO const char* xlsxioread_get_version_string ();
/*! \brief read handle for .xlsx object */
typedef struct xlsxio_read_struct* xlsxioreader;
/*! \brief open .xlsx file
* \param filename path of .xlsx file to open
* \return read handle for .xlsx object or NULL on error
* \sa xlsxioread_close()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO xlsxioreader xlsxioread_open (const char* filename);
/*! \brief close .xlsx file
* \param handle read handle for .xlsx object
* \sa xlsxioread_open()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO void xlsxioread_close (xlsxioreader handle);
/*! \brief type of pointer to callback function for listing worksheets
* \param name name of worksheet
* \param callbackdata callback data passed to xlsxioread_list_sheets
* \return zero to continue, non-zero to abort
* \sa xlsxioread_list_sheets()
*/
typedef int (*xlsxioread_list_sheets_callback_fn)(const char* name, void* callbackdata);
/*! \brief list worksheets in .xlsx file
* \param handle read handle for .xlsx object
* \param callback callback function called for each worksheet
* \param callbackdata custom data as passed to quickmail_add_body_custom/quickmail_add_attachment_custom
* \sa xlsxioread_list_sheets_callback_fn
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO void xlsxioread_list_sheets (xlsxioreader handle, xlsxioread_list_sheets_callback_fn callback, void* callbackdata);
/*! \brief possible values for the flags parameter of xlsxioread_process()
* \sa xlsxioread_process()
* \name XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_*
* \{
*/
/*! \brief don't skip any rows or cells \hideinitializer */
#define XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_NONE 0
/*! \brief skip empty rows (note: cells may appear empty while they actually contain data) \hideinitializer */
#define XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_EMPTY_ROWS 0x01
/*! \brief skip empty cells \hideinitializer */
#define XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_EMPTY_CELLS 0x02
/*! \brief skip empty rows and cells \hideinitializer */
#define XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_ALL_EMPTY (XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_EMPTY_ROWS | XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_EMPTY_CELLS)
/*! \brief skip extra cells to the right of the rightmost header cell \hideinitializer */
#define XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_EXTRA_CELLS 0x04
/*! @} */
/*! \brief type of pointer to callback function for processing a worksheet cell value
* \param row row number (first row is 1)
* \param col column number (first column is 1)
* \param value value of cell (note: formulas are not calculated)
* \param callbackdata callback data passed to xlsxioread_process
* \return zero to continue, non-zero to abort
* \sa xlsxioread_process()
* \sa xlsxioread_process_row_callback_fn
*/
typedef int (*xlsxioread_process_cell_callback_fn)(size_t row, size_t col, const char* value, void* callbackdata);
/*! \brief type of pointer to callback function for processing the end of a worksheet row
* \param row row number (first row is 1)
* \param maxcol maximum column number on this row (first column is 1)
* \param callbackdata callback data passed to xlsxioread_process
* \return zero to continue, non-zero to abort
* \sa xlsxioread_process()
* \sa xlsxioread_process_cell_callback_fn
*/
typedef int (*xlsxioread_process_row_callback_fn)(size_t row, size_t maxcol, void* callbackdata);
/*! \brief process all rows and columns of a worksheet in an .xlsx file
* \param handle read handle for .xlsx object
* \param sheetname worksheet name (NULL for first sheet)
* \param flags XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_ flag(s) to determine how data is processed
* \param cell_callback callback function called for each cell
* \param row_callback callback function called after each row
* \param callbackdata callback data passed to xlsxioread_process
* \return zero on success, non-zero on error
* \sa xlsxioread_process_row_callback_fn
* \sa xlsxioread_process_cell_callback_fn
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO int xlsxioread_process (xlsxioreader handle, const char* sheetname, unsigned int flags, xlsxioread_process_cell_callback_fn cell_callback, xlsxioread_process_row_callback_fn row_callback, void* callbackdata);
/*! \brief read handle for list of worksheet names */
typedef struct xlsxio_read_sheetlist_struct* xlsxioreadersheetlist;
/*! \brief open list of worksheet names
* \param handle read handle for .xlsx object
* \sa xlsxioread_sheetlist_close()
* \sa xlsxioread_open()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO xlsxioreadersheetlist xlsxioread_sheetlist_open (xlsxioreader handle);
/*! \brief close worksheet
* \param sheetlisthandle read handle for worksheet object
* \sa xlsxioread_sheetlist_open()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO void xlsxioread_sheetlist_close (xlsxioreadersheetlist sheetlisthandle);
/*! \brief get next cell from worksheet
* \param sheetlisthandle read handle for worksheet object
* \return name of worksheet or NULL if no more worksheets are available
* \sa xlsxioread_sheetlist_open()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO const char* xlsxioread_sheetlist_next (xlsxioreadersheetlist sheetlisthandle);
/*! \brief read handle for worksheet object */
typedef struct xlsxio_read_sheet_struct* xlsxioreadersheet;
/*! \brief open worksheet
* \param handle read handle for .xlsx object
* \param sheetname worksheet name (NULL for first sheet)
* \param flags XLSXIOREAD_SKIP_ flag(s) to determine how data is processed
* \return read handle for worksheet object or NULL in case of error
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_close()
* \sa xlsxioread_open()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO xlsxioreadersheet xlsxioread_sheet_open (xlsxioreader handle, const char* sheetname, unsigned int flags);
/*! \brief close worksheet
* \param handle read handle for worksheet object
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_open()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO void xlsxioread_sheet_close (xlsxioreadersheet sheethandle);
/*! \brief get next row from worksheet (to be called before each row)
* \param handle read handle for worksheet object
* \return non-zero if a new row is available
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_open()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO int xlsxioread_sheet_next_row (xlsxioreadersheet sheethandle);
/*! \brief get next cell from worksheet
* \param handle read handle for worksheet object
* \return value (caller must free the result) or NULL if no more cells are available in the current row
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_open()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO char* xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell (xlsxioreadersheet sheethandle);
/*! \brief get next cell from worksheet as a string
* \param handle read handle for worksheet object
* \param pvalue pointer where string will be stored if data is available (caller must free the result)
* \return non-zero if a new cell was available in the current row
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_open()
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO int xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_string (xlsxioreadersheet sheethandle, char** pvalue);
/*! \brief get next cell from worksheet as an integer
* \param handle read handle for worksheet object
* \param pvalue pointer where integer will be stored if data is available
* \return non-zero if a new cell was available in the current row
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_open()
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO int xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_int (xlsxioreadersheet sheethandle, int64_t* pvalue);
/*! \brief get next cell from worksheet as a floating point value
* \param handle read handle for worksheet object
* \param pvalue pointer where floating point value will be stored if data is available
* \return non-zero if a new cell was available in the current row
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_open()
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO int xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_float (xlsxioreadersheet sheethandle, double* pvalue);
/*! \brief get next cell from worksheet as date and time data
* \param handle read handle for worksheet object
* \param pvalue pointer where date and time data will be stored if data is available
* \return non-zero if a new cell was available in the current row
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_open()
* \sa xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell()
*/
DLL_EXPORT_XLSXIO int xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_datetime (xlsxioreadersheet sheethandle, time_t* pvalue);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
#endif
所以，我们最终把 xlsxio_read.def 改成了以下这个样子：
xlsxio_read.def
EXPORTS
xlsxioread_close
xlsxioread_get_version
xlsxioread_get_version_string
xlsxioread_list_sheets
xlsxioread_open
xlsxioread_process
xlsxioread_sheet_close
xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell
xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_datetime
xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_float
xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_int
xlsxioread_sheet_next_cell_string
xlsxioread_sheet_next_row
xlsxioread_sheet_open
xlsxioread_sheetlist_close
xlsxioread_sheetlist_next
xlsxioread_sheetlist_open
生成 .LIB 和 .EXP 文件
执行下面的命令：
LIB /DEF:xlsxio_read.def /machine:IX86
这样就得到了 x86 版本的 .LIB 文件（和 .exp 文件）。如果想得到 x64 版本的，改变上述命令的 /machine 参数即可。