Winform之Adonet数据库快速编程

源码Demo下载

ADO.Net数据库操作综合起来就是增删改查，而且这几个流程都是固定的。

查询：连接数据库-->打开记录集-->遍历记录集并获取记录内容

插入：连接数据库-->打开记录集-->插入数据库记录-->将记录保存到数据库

更新：连接数据库-->打开记录集-->遍历记录集并更新记录-->将记录保存到数据库

删除：连接数据库-->执行删除的SQL语句

将表的一行数据内容封装成一个数据记录类，该数据记录类实现如下接口：

    public interface IDBOperability
    {
        void SetRecordData(IDBRecord dbRecord, Object oFlag);
        void GetRecordData(IDBRecord dbRecord, Object oFlag);
        Object PrimaryKey { get; set; }
    }

需要做到快速，还需要一个小工具ADO.Net助手来帮忙根据SQL内容生成数据记录类，具体操作及使用请参考《如何使用ADO.Net助手生成C#数据库代码》。

使用ADO.Net助手辅助生产数据库代码。

一. 用ADO.Net助手生成数据库代码

SQL Server2005的建表语句如下：

CREATE TABLE [dbo].[tbl_Demo](
	[ID] [int] IDENTITY(50,1) NOT NULL,
	[Guid] [nvarchar](80) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NOT NULL,
	[Name] [nvarchar](20) COLLATE Chinese_PRC_CI_AS NULL,
	[Birthday] [datetime] NULL,
	[Photo] [image] NULL,
 CONSTRAINT [PK_tbl_Demo] PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED 
(
	[Guid] ASC
)WITH (IGNORE_DUP_KEY = OFF) ON [PRIMARY]
) ON [PRIMARY] TEXTIMAGE_ON [PRIMARY]

用 ADO.Net助手生成的C#代码如下：

/*----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Version:	CSAdonetCodeWriter 1.00
   Time:	2012/12/4 19:47:03
    SQL:	SELECT * FROM Tbl_Demo
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------*/
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;

namespace Database
{
	[DBTableAttribute("Tbl_Demo", "Guid")]
	public class Tbl_Demo : IDBOperability
    {
        #region AutoIncrement
        private static readonly DBTableAttribute m_AutoIncrement = new DBTableAttribute("Tbl_Demo", "Guid", "Id");

        public static DBTableAttribute AutoIncrement
        {
            get { return Tbl_Demo.m_AutoIncrement; }
        } 
        #endregion

		#region Field and Property
		
		/// <summary>
		/// 0 ID Int32
		/// </summary>
		protected Int32 m_ID;

		/// <summary>
		/// 0 ID Int32
		/// </summary>
		public Int32 ID
		{
			get
			{
				return m_ID;
			}
			set
			{
				m_ID = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// 1 Guid String
		/// </summary>
		protected String m_Guid;

		/// <summary>
		/// 1 Guid String
		/// </summary>
		public String Guid
		{
			get
			{
				return m_Guid;
			}
			set
			{
				m_Guid = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// 2 Name String
		/// </summary>
		protected String m_Name;

		/// <summary>
		/// 2 Name String
		/// </summary>
		public String Name
		{
			get
			{
				return m_Name;
			}
			set
			{
				m_Name = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// 3 Birthday DateTime
		/// </summary>
		protected DateTime? m_Birthday;

		/// <summary>
		/// 3 Birthday DateTime
		/// </summary>
		public DateTime? Birthday
		{
			get
			{
				return m_Birthday;
			}
			set
			{
				m_Birthday = value;
			}
		}

		/// <summary>
		/// 4 Photo Byte[]
		/// </summary>
		protected Byte[] m_Photo;

		/// <summary>
		/// 4 Photo Byte[]
		/// </summary>
		public Byte[] Photo
		{
			get
			{
				return m_Photo;
			}
			set
			{
				m_Photo = value;
			}
		}

		
		#endregion

		#region IDBOperability

		/// <summary>
		/// 1 Guid String
		/// </summary>
		Object IDBOperability.PrimaryKey
		{
			get
			{
				return this.Guid;
			}
			set
			{
				this.Guid = (String)value;
			}
		}

		void IDBOperability.SetRecordData(IDBRecord dbRecord, Object oFlag)
		{
            IDBRecord x = dbRecord;

			//x["ID"] = ID; // 0 Int32
			x["Guid"] = Guid; // 1 String
			x["Name"] = Name; // 2 String
			x["Birthday"] = Birthday; // 3 DateTime
			x["Photo"] = Photo; // 4 Byte[]
			/*
			//x[0] = ID; // ID Int32
			x[1] = Guid; // Guid String
			x[2] = Name; // Name String
			x[3] = Birthday; // Birthday DateTime
			x[4] = Photo; // Photo Byte[]
			*/
		}

		void IDBOperability.GetRecordData(IDBRecord dbRecord, Object oFlag)
		{
            IDBRecord x = dbRecord;

			ID = DBValue.Convert(x["ID"]); // 0 Int32
			Guid = DBValue.Convert(x["Guid"]); // 1 String
			Name = DBValue.Convert(x["Name"]); // 2 String
			Birthday = DBValue.Convert(x["Birthday"]); // 3 DateTime
			Photo = DBValue.Convert(x["Photo"]); // 4 Byte[]
			/*
			ID = DBValue.Convert(x[0]) // ID Int32
			Guid = DBValue.Convert(x[1]) // Guid String
			Name = DBValue.Convert(x[2]) // Name String
			Birthday = DBValue.Convert(x[3]) // Birthday DateTime
			Photo = DBValue.Convert(x[4]) // Photo Byte[]
			*/
		}

		#endregion
	}
}

二. 将生成的数据库代码和ADO.Net的封装类添加到工程引用中，然后编译整个项目解决方案（为后面的添加数据源做准备）

三. 拖主界面如下图

为一个DataGridView和五个按钮，DataGridView的DataSource属性进行添加项目数据源，选择数据源类型为对象，点击下一步，在选择数据对象界面选择刚才用ADO.Net助手生成的数据库类对象，点击完成按钮完成对数据源的添加。DataGridView的Columns属性各个列的HeadText修改为界面显示的列名。

 

四. 拖数据编辑对话框如下图

拖动一个BindingSource控件到界面中,对其DataSource属性用刚才和添加DataGridView数据源方式添加数据源。

设置TextBox中DataBindings的Text，DateTimePicker中DataBindings的Value和pictureBox中DataBindings的Image设置为添加的数据源各相对应的字段。

五. 编写相应的数据库代码

1. 连接数据库

定义数据库对象

        IDBDatabase m_db;

        public IDBDatabase Db
        {
            get { return m_db; }
            set { m_db = value; }
        }

初始化并连接

        private void MainForm_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {
                Settings cfg = Settings.Default;
                Db = DBFactory.CreateDatabase(cfg.Connection);
                if (Db == null)
                {
                    throw new Exception("配置的Connection不正确或者未加载到数据库提供程序");
                }
                Db.ConnectionString = cfg.ConnectionString;
                int nUpdateBatchSize = 1;
                int.TryParse(cfg.UpdateBatchSize, out nUpdateBatchSize);
                Db.DBSetCommandBuilder += delegate(Object s, DbCommandBuilder cmdBuilder)
                {
                    cmdBuilder.QuotePrefix = cfg.QuotePrefix;
                    cmdBuilder.QuoteSuffix = cfg.QuoteSuffix;
                    cmdBuilder.DataAdapter.UpdateBatchSize = nUpdateBatchSize;
                };
                Db.Open();               
            }
            catch (System.Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                Environment.Exit(-1);
            }

            button_Refresh.PerformClick();

        }

定义记录对象

        List<Tbl_Demo> m_DelDemos = new List<Tbl_Demo>();

        public List<Tbl_Demo> DelDemos
        {
            get { return m_DelDemos; }
            set { m_DelDemos = value; }
        }

定义当前选中的记录

        public Tbl_Demo CurDemo
        {
            get
            {
                return tblDemoBindingSource.Current as Tbl_Demo;
            }
        }

2. 查询

        private void button_Refresh_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            int nCount = Db.Count<Tbl_Demo>();
            if (Demos.Capacity < nCount)
            {
                Demos.Capacity = nCount;               
            }
            Db.Select(Demos);
            tblDemoBindingSource.DataSource = Demos;
            tblDemoBindingSource.ResetBindings(false);
        }

3. 添加

private void button_New_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            tblDemoBindingSource.AddNew();
            using (TblDemoForm dlg = new TblDemoForm())
            {
                CurDemo.Guid = Guid.NewGuid().ToString();
                CurDemo.Birthday = DateTime.Today;
                dlg.TblDemoBindingSource.DataSource = tblDemoBindingSource.DataSource;
                dlg.TblDemoBindingSource.Position = tblDemoBindingSource.Position;
                if (DialogResult.OK == dlg.ShowDialog(this))
                {
                    try
                    {
                    	Db.Save(CurDemo);
                        CurDemo.ID = Db.Scalar(CurDemo, Tbl_Demo.AutoIncrement);
                    }
                    catch (System.Exception ex)
                    {
                        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    tblDemoBindingSource.RemoveCurrent();
                }
                tblDemoBindingSource.ResetCurrentItem();
            }
        }

4. 编辑

        private void button_Edit_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (CurDemo == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            using (TblDemoForm dlg = new TblDemoForm())
            {
                dlg.TblDemoBindingSource.DataSource = tblDemoBindingSource.DataSource;
                dlg.TblDemoBindingSource.Position = tblDemoBindingSource.Position;
                if (DialogResult.OK == dlg.ShowDialog(this))
                {
                    try
                    {
                        Db.Save(CurDemo);
                    }
                    catch (System.Exception ex)
                    {
                        MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
                    }
                }
                tblDemoBindingSource.ResetCurrentItem();
            }
        }

5. 删除

        private void button_Del_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (CurDemo == null)
            {
                return;
            }
            try
            {
                Db.Delete(CurDemo);
                tblDemoBindingSource.RemoveCurrent();
                MessageBox.Show("成功将数据从数据库中删除");
            }
            catch (System.Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }
        }

调用存储过程

--SQL Server 2005 存储过程
Create Procedure [dbo].[usp_ProcedureTest]  
@firstParam int,  
@secondParam int Output,  
@thirdParam datetime Output  
As 
BEGIN   
	-- 返回记录集的话最好是用下面语句关闭一些不必要的返回记录集
	SET NOCOUNT ON; 

	DECLARE @Count int
	SET @secondParam = @firstParam * 10
    SELECT @thirdParam = getdate() 
	SELECT @Count = Count(*) FROM tbl_Demo
	SELECT * FROM tbl_Demo
    return @Count 
END

调用代码：

        private void button_Procedure_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            try
            {

                DbCommand cmd = Db.CreateProcedureTCommand("usp_ProcedureTest");
                int firstParam = 8;
                cmd.Parameters["@firstParam"].Value = firstParam;
                List<Tbl_Demo> lDemo = new List<Tbl_Demo>();

                using (DbDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader())
                {
                    // 解析记录     
                    DBHelper.GetRecordData(lDemo, reader, null);

                    // 用ExecuteReader执行存储过程的话要先关闭DataReader才能取各参数值
                    reader.Close();
                }

                int secondParam = (int)cmd.Parameters["@secondParam"].Value;
                DateTime tm = (DateTime)cmd.Parameters["@thirdParam"].Value;
                int nRet = (int)cmd.Parameters[0].Value;
                string msg = string.Format("{0}*10={1}\n数据库时间是{2}\n有{3}条记录",
                    firstParam, secondParam, tm, nRet);
                MessageBox.Show(msg);
            }
            catch (System.Exception ex)
            {
                MessageBox.Show(ex.Message);
            }

        }

Demo中将数据信息配置在配置文件中，可以按配置文件的格式做相应修改即可以切换数据库，已经简单验证在ACCESS，SQLSERVER，MYSQL，ORACLE和SQLite均正常运行。

这里虽然说的winform的，但上述数据库增删查改流程在支持ADO.Net语言的程序中均适用。