数据结构之链式表的实现--单链表(C语言)

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学习参考: 严蔚敏: 《数据结构-C语言版》

基本操作:

1. 单链表的建立
2. 添加结点(头插法)
3. 添加结点(尾插法)
4. 单链表的输出
5. 单链表的修改
6. 单链表的插入
7. 单链表的删除
8. 单链表按序号查找
9. 单链表按值查找 
10. 单链表销毁  
11. 单链表的长度

代码实现

链式表结点定义:

typedef struct node
{
	int data;
	struct node* next;
}Node,* pNode;

链式表定义:

typedef struct 
{
	int len;
	pNode node;
}LinkList,* pList;

单链表初始化:

int initList(pList list)
{
	if(!list)
		return -1;
	list->len = 0;
	list->node = NULL;
	return 1;
}

添加结点(头插法)的实现:

int addDataHead(pList list, int data)
{
	pNode pre =NULL, p = NULL;
	if(!list)
		return 0;
	pre = list->node;
	p = (pNode) malloc(sizeof(int));
	p->data = data;
	p->next = pre;
	list->node = p;
	list->len ++;
	return 1;
} 

 添加结点(尾插法)的实现:

int addDataTail(pList list, int data)
{
	pNode pre = NULL, p = NULL;
	if(!list)
		return 0;
	p = list->node;
	while(p)
	{
		pre = p;
		p=p->next;
	}
	p = (pNode)malloc(sizeof(Node));
	if(!p)
		return 0;
	p->next = NULL;
	p->data = data;
	if(!pre)
		list->node = p;
	else
		pre->next = p;
	list->len ++;
	return 1;
}

单链表的输出的实现:

int display(pList list)
{
	pNode p = NULL;
	if(!list->node)
		return 0;
	p = list->node;
	while(p)
	{
		printf("%d ", p->data);
		p = p->next;
	}
	printf("\n");
	return 1;
}

单链表的修改的实现: 

int updata(pList list, int pos, int data)
{
	pNode p = NULL;
	int count = 0;
	if(!list || !list->node || pos<1)
		return 0;
	p = list->node;
	while (p)
	{
		count++;
		if(count >= pos)
			break;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if(count >= pos)
		p->data = data;
	return 1;
}

单链表的插入实现:

int insertData(pList list, int pos, int data)
{
	pNode q = NULL, p = NULL, pre=NULL;
	int count = 1;
	if(!list || pos<1 || pos>list->len+1)
		return 0;
	p = list->node;
	while (count<pos)
	{
		pre = p;
		count++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if(!pre)
	{
		addDataHead(list, data);
		return 1;
	}
	q = (pNode) malloc(sizeof(Node));
	q->data = data;
	pre->next = q;
	q->next = p;
	list->len ++;
	return 1;
}

单链表的删除代码实现:

int deleteData(pList list, int pos, int* e)
{
	pNode pre = NULL, p = NULL;
	int count = 0;
	if(!list || pos<1 || pos>list->len || !list->node)
		return 0;
	p = list->node;
	while(count<pos-1)
	{
		count ++;
		pre = p;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if( !pre)
		list->node = p->next;
	else
		pre->next = p->next;
	*e = p->data;
	free(p);
	p = NULL;
	list->len--;
	return 1;
}

单链表按序号查找的代码实现:

int getData(pList list, int pos, int* data)
{
	pNode p = NULL;
	int count = 1;
	if(!list || pos<1 || pos >list->len || !list->node)
	{
        *data = -1;
    	return 0;
	}
    p = list->node;
	while( count<pos)
	{
		count++;
		p = p->next;
	}
	*data = p->data;
	return 1;
}

单链表按值查找的实现;

int getLocate(pList list, int data, int* index)
{
	pNode p = NULL;
	int count = 0;
	if(!list || !list->node)
	{
        *data = -1;
    	return 0;
	}
	p = list->node;
	while(p)
	{
		count++;
		if(p->data == data)
			break;
		p = p->next;
	}
	if(!p)
	{
		*index = -1;
		return 0;
	}
	*index = count;
	return 1;
}

单链表销毁的代码实现:

int destroy(pList list)
{
	pNode pre = NULL, p = NULL;
	if(!list || !list->node)
		return 0;
	p = list->node;
	while(p)
	{
		pre = p;
		p = pre->next;
		free(pre);
		pre = NULL;
	}
	list->len =0;
	list->node =NULL;
	return 1;
}

单链表的长度

int getLenght(pList list, int* len)
{
	if(!list)
		return 0;
	*len = list->len;
	return 1;
}

测试代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include "LinkList.h" 
int main()
{
	int val = -1;
	LinkList list;
	initList(&list);
	addDataHead(&list, 1);
	addDataHead(&list, 2);
	addDataHead(&list, 3);
	display(&list);
	addDataTail(&list ,4);
	display(&list);
	updata(&list, 2, 6);
	display(&list);
	deleteData(&list, 1, &val);
	printf("删除的数据为:%d \n", val);
	display(&list);
	getData(&list, 2, &val);
	printf("第2位的值为:%d \n", val);
	getLocate(&list, 2, &val);
	printf("数字2的位置%d \n", val);
	destroy(&list);
	return 0;
}