爬虫：爬取豆果网和美食网的菜单

版权声明：本文为博主原创文章，未经博主允许不得转载。 https://blog.csdn.net/sileixinhua/article/details/78819002

爬虫：爬取豆果网和美食网的菜单

所有代码请到我的github中下载，欢迎star，谢谢。

https://github.com/sileixinhua/SpiderRecipes

前言

本文主要是介绍如果爬取豆果网和美食网的菜单，并保存在本地，我是以列表的形式保存在TXT文件里，大家有兴趣的可以改一改，下载入数据库或者CSV，json等文件都可以。

这里爬出的数据主要是为了下一阶段做菜谱推荐，智能冰箱用的，根据用户以往的饮食习惯的数据，可以推荐今天吃什么，让用户或者自动化下单购买哪些食材，或者直接用appium+Python的方式直接连接安卓手机饿了么自动化下单。

开发环境

windows10

Python3.5

https://www.python.org/downloads/

BeautifulSoup

https://www.crummy.com/software/BeautifulSoup/bs4/doc/index.zh.html

Requests

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/master/#

可能需要的python包安装（Python3环境）

pip3 install BeautifulSoup

pip3 install requests

pip3 install lxml

这里还是推荐使用Python3，但是用Python2的同学，把上述命令的“pip3”改成“pip”就可以了。

爬虫目标网页结构分析

豆果网

美食网

代码分析

豆果网

# 2017年12月6日 00点51分
# 作者：橘子派_司磊
# 爬虫：抓好豆菜谱
# 目标网址：http://www.haodou.com/recipe/30/

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import os
import urllib.request
import re

# C:\Code\Recipes\Data\HaoDou\490
# C:\Code\Recipes\Data\HaoDou\14059_1201100

# 30-490 为页面简单
# 14059-1201100 为复杂
# id = 29
id = 29

# error_number为抓取错误的页面
error_number = 0

while(id <= 490):
    id = id + 1
    try:
        headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:23.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/23.0'}
        url = requests.get('http://www.haodou.com/recipe/'+str(id)+'/', headers=headers)
        print("当前爬取的网址为：" + url.url)
        html_doc = url.text
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,"lxml")

        recipe_name = soup.find(id="showcover").get('alt')
        print("菜谱的名字为：" + recipe_name)

        img_html = soup.find(id="showcover").get('src')
        print("获取图片为：" + img_html)

        file = open('C:\\Code\\Recipes\\Data\\HaoDou\\490\\' + recipe_name + '.jpg',"wb")
        req = urllib.request.Request(url=img_html, headers=headers) 
        try:
            image = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10)
            pic = image.read()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            print(recipe_name + "下载失败：" + img_html)

        # 遇到错误，网站反爬虫
        # urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
        # 原因是这里urllib.request方法还需要加入“, headers=headers”
        # 头文件来欺骗，以为我们是客户端访问
        file.write(pic)
        print("图片下载成功")
        file.close()

        drop_html = re.compile(r'<[^>]+>',re.S)

        full_text = []

        recipe_text = soup.find_all('dd')
        for text_str in recipe_text:
            text = drop_html.sub('',str(text_str.find_all('p')))
            text = text.replace("[", "")
            text = text.replace("]", "")
            if text != '':
                print(text)
                full_text.append(text)

        # print(recipe_text)
        file = open('C:\\Code\\Recipes\\Data\\HaoDou\\490\\' + recipe_name + '.txt', 'w')
        file.writelines(str(full_text))
        file.close()
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        error_number = error_number + 1
    else:
        continue

print("抓取错误的页面数量为：" + str(error_number))

while(id < 1201100):
    id = id + 1
    try:
        headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:23.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/23.0'}
        url = requests.get('http://www.haodou.com/recipe/'+str(id)+'/', headers=headers)
        print("当前爬取的网址为：" + url.url)
        html_doc = url.text
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,"lxml")

        # http://www.haodou.com/recipe/14059/
        recipe_name = soup.find(id="showcover").get('alt')
        print("菜谱的名字为：" + recipe_name)

        img_html = soup.find(id="showcover").get('src')
        print("获取图片为：" + img_html)

        file = open('C:\\Code\\Recipes\\Data\\HaoDou\\14059_1201100\\' + recipe_name + '.jpg',"wb")
        req = urllib.request.Request(url=img_html, headers=headers) 
        try:
            image = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10)
            pic = image.read()
        except Exception as e:
            print(e)
            print(recipe_name + "下载失败：" + img_html)
        else:
            continue

        # 遇到错误，网站反爬虫
        # urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
        # 原因是这里urllib.request方法还需要加入“, headers=headers”
        # 头文件来欺骗，以为我们是客户端访问
        file.write(pic)
        print("图片下载成功")
        file.close()    

        # 爬取 简介 full_text_introduction
        full_text_introduction = []
        full_text_introduction = soup.find(id="sintro").get('data')
        print("简介")
        print(full_text_introduction)

        # 爬取 食材 主料 full_text_ingredients
        full_text_ingredients = []
        full_text_ingredients = soup.findAll("li", { "class" : "ingtmgr" })
        print("主料")
        for text in full_text_ingredients:
            print(text.text)

        # 爬取 食材 辅料 full_text_accessories
        full_text_accessories = []
        full_text_accessories = soup.findAll("li", { "class" : "ingtbur" })
        print("辅料")
        for text in full_text_accessories:
            print(text.text)

        # 爬取 步骤 图 full_text_step_img
        full_text_step_img = soup.findAll("img", { "width" : "190" })
        print("图")
        img_number = 0
        for text in full_text_step_img:         
            print(text.get('src'))
            img_html = text.get('src')
            file = open('C:\\Code\\Recipes\\Data\\HaoDou\\14059_1201100\\' + recipe_name + '_' + str(img_number) + '.jpg',"wb")
            req = urllib.request.Request(url=img_html, headers=headers) 
            img_number = img_number + 1
            try:    
                image = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10)
                pic = image.read()
                file.write(pic)
                print("图片下载成功")
                file.close()
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                print(recipe_name + "下载失败：" + img_html)
            # else:
            #   continue

        # 爬取 步骤 文字 full_text_step_text
        full_text_step_text = []
        full_text_step_text = soup.findAll("p", { "class" : "sstep" })
        print("文字")
        for text in full_text_step_text:
            print(text.text)

        # 爬取 小贴士 full_text_tip
        full_text_tip = []
        full_text_tip = soup.find(id="stips").get('data')
        print("小贴士")
        print(full_text_tip)

        # 全部写入TXT文件
        file = open('C:\\Code\\Recipes\\Data\\HaoDou\\14059_1201100\\' + recipe_name + '.txt', 'w')
        full_text = []
        full_text.append(full_text_introduction)
        full_text.append(full_text_ingredients)
        full_text.append(full_text_accessories)
        full_text.append(full_text_step_text)
        full_text.append(full_text_tip)

        full_text = BeautifulSoup(str(full_text),"lxml").text

        file.writelines(str(full_text))
        file.close()

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        error_number = error_number + 1
    else:
        continue

美食网

# 2017年12月6日 00点51分
# 作者：橘子派_司磊
# 爬虫：抓美食天下菜谱
# 目标网址：http://home.meishichina.com/recipe-1.html

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import os
import urllib.request

# C:\Code\Recipes\Data\MeiShiChina

# 1-363298 页面
id = 1
# error_number为抓取错误的页面
error_number = 0

while(id < 363298):
    id = id + 1
    try:
        headers = {'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64; rv:23.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/23.0'}
        url = requests.get('http://home.meishichina.com/recipe-'+str(id)+'.html', headers=headers)
        print("当前爬取的网址为："+url.url)
        html_doc = url.text
        soup = BeautifulSoup(html_doc,"lxml")

        # 爬取 菜名 recipe_name
        recipe_name = []
        recipe_name = soup.find(id="recipe_title").get("title")
        print(recipe_name)

        # 爬取 菜图片
        recipe_img = soup.findAll("a", { "class" : "J_photo" })
        for img in recipe_img:
            img_html = img.find("img").get("src")
            print(img_html)
            file = open('C:\\Code\\Recipes\\Data\\MeiShiChina\\' + recipe_name + '.jpg',"wb")
            req = urllib.request.Request(url=img_html, headers=headers) 
            try:
                image = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10)
                pic = image.read()
            except Exception as e:
                print(e)
                print(recipe_name + "下载失败：" + img_html)

            # 遇到错误，网站反爬虫
            # urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
            # 原因是这里urllib.request方法还需要加入“, headers=headers”
            # 头文件来欺骗，以为我们是客户端访问
            file.write(pic)
            print("图片下载成功")
            file.close()    

        # 爬取 食材明细 
        recipe_material = []
        # tip: 如果 div后面加空格的话 即 "div " ，则结果汉字都变成乱码 且 进行不下去
        # 最终发现输出结果是乱码的原因是使用了get_text()函数，应该用 .text
        recipe_material = soup.findAll("div", { "class" : "recipeCategory_sub_R clear" })
        for material in recipe_material:
            print(material.text)

        # 爬取 评价 recipe_judgement
        recipe_judgement = []
        recipe_judgement = soup.findAll("div", { "class" : "recipeCategory_sub_R mt30 clear" })
        for judgement in recipe_judgement:
            print(judgement.text)

        # 爬取 做法步骤 图片
        # <img alt="鸭脚、鸡爪煲的做法步骤：6" src="http://i3.meishichina.com/attachment/recipe/201007/201007052343079.JPG@!p320"/>
        recipe_step_img = soup.findAll("div", { "class" : "recipeStep_img" })
        number = 0
        for img in recipe_step_img:
            img = img.find_all("img")
            for img_html in img:
                img_html = img_html.get("src")
                print(img_html)

                file = open("C:\\Code\\Recipes\\Data\\MeiShiChina\\" + recipe_name + "_" + str(number) + ".jpg","wb")
                req = urllib.request.Request(url=img_html, headers=headers) 
                number = number + 1
                try:
                    image = urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10)
                    pic = image.read()
                except Exception as e:
                    print(e)
                    print(recipe_name + "下载失败：" + img_html)

                # 遇到错误，网站反爬虫
                # urllib.error.HTTPError: HTTP Error 403: Forbidden
                # 原因是这里urllib.request方法还需要加入“, headers=headers”
                # 头文件来欺骗，以为我们是客户端访问
                file.write(pic)
                print("图片下载成功")
                file.close()    

        # 爬取 做法步骤 文字 recipe_step_text
        recipe_step_text = []
        recipe_step_text = soup.findAll("div", { "class" : "recipeStep_word" })
        for step_text in recipe_step_text:
            print(step_text.text)

        # 爬取 小窍门 recipe_tip
        recipe_tip = []
        recipe_tip = soup.findAll("div", { "class" : "recipeTip" })
        for tip in recipe_tip:
            print(tip.text)

        # 全部写入TXT文件
        file = open("C:\\Code\\Recipes\\Data\\MeiShiChina\\" + recipe_name + ".txt", "w")
        full_text = []
        full_text.append(recipe_name)
        full_text.append(recipe_material)
        full_text.append(recipe_judgement)
        full_text.append(recipe_step_text)
        full_text.append(recipe_tip)

        full_text = BeautifulSoup(str(full_text),"lxml").text

        file.writelines(str(full_text))
        file.close()

    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        error_number = error_number + 1
    else:
        continue

实验结果

豆果网

美食网

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