Spring Security入门简单小demo，外加结合自己项目中使用

版权声明：本博客的所有内容,包括文字、图片,均为本人原创。转载请附上来源。 https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_37659242/article/details/80827307

SpringSecurity，这是一种基于Spring AOP和Servlet过滤器的安全框架。它提供全面的安全性解决方案，同时在Web请求级和方法调用级处理身份确认和授权。在Spring Framework基础上，Spring Security充分利用了依赖注入（DI，Dependency Injection）和面向切面技术

---

pom.xml配置

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>cn.itcast.demo</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-security-demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <properties>
        <spring.version>4.2.4.RELEASE</spring.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>${spring.version}</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId>
            <version>4.1.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.5</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>


    </dependencies>
    <build>
      <plugins>     
          <!-- java编译插件 -->
          <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>3.2</version>
                <configuration>
                    <source>1.7</source>
                    <target>1.7</target>
                    <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
                </configuration>
          </plugin>      
          <plugin>
                <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
                <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
                <configuration>
                    <!-- 指定端口 -->
                    <port>9090</port>
                    <!-- 请求路径 -->
                    <path>/</path>
                </configuration>
          </plugin>
       </plugins>  
    </build>
</project>

---

spring-security配置文件：spring-security.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans:beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security"
    xmlns:beans="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
                        http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd">

    <!-- 配置未登录也不拦截，也可以访问 的页面-->
    <http pattern="/login.html" security="none"></http>
    <http pattern="/error.html" security="none"></http>                 


    <!-- 页面的拦截规则  
        use-expressions:是否启用SPEL表达式，默认“true”[如果为true,
        下面intercept-url中的access="ROLE_USER"改为：access=hasRole('ROLE_USER')]
    -->
    <http use-expressions="false">
        <!--当前用户必须有ROLE_USER的角色  才可以访问 根目录及子目录的所有资源-->
        <intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER" />
        <!--开启表单登录功能  
        login-page:配置自己的写的登录页
        default-target-url:登陆验证成功跳转的页面
        authentication-failure-forward-url:登录验证错误跳转的页面
        -->
        <form-login login-page="/login.html" default-target-url="/index.html" authentication-failure-forward-url="/error.html"/>
        <csrf disabled="true"/>
        <!-- 
            配置了<logout/>，会自动产生/logout的地址,退出登录，清理登陆的session
            需要在前端页面相关联的退出链接添加  href="../logout"
         -->
        <logout/>
    </http>

    <!--认证管理器  -->
    <authentication-manager>
        <authentication-provider>
            <user-service>
                <!--
                用户定义：
                authorities：所属角色 
                 -->
                <user name="admin" password="123456" authorities="ROLE_USER"/>
            </user-service>
        </authentication-provider>
    </authentication-manager>

</beans:beans>

---

web.xml配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd"
    version="2.5">  

     <context-param>
        <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
        <param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml</param-value>
     </context-param>
     <listener>
        <listener-class>
            org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener
        </listener-class>
     </listener>

    <!--配置拦截器-->
     <filter>  
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>  
        <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class>  
     </filter>  
     <filter-mapping>  
        <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name>  
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
     </filter-mapping>

</web-app>

---

简单登录页编写（不写也可以，spring-security会有默认测试的登录页，直接进入localhost:9090/login 能看到）

-----欢迎登录----
    <!--
    action="/login"：将spring-security提供的测试的登录页替换成自己编写的登录页
    还要回spring-security.xml的<form-login/>配置自己编写的登录页：     
    <form-login login-page="/login.html" default-target-url="/index.html"/>
    -->
    <form action="/login" method="post">
        用户名:<input name="username"> </br>
        密码：<input name="password" type="password"></br>
        <button>登录</button>
    </form>

注意：要是需要自己编写的登录页,需要不对页面进行验证拦截，否则会重定向请求死循环而跳不到登录页

解决：
在spring-security.xml配置拦截规则：

    <!-- 配置未登录也不拦截，也可以访问 的页面-->
    <http pattern="/login.html" security="none"></http>
    <http pattern="/error.html" security="none"></http>

---

在项目中使用

要是需要用到内置的页面框架（那种后台的嵌套框架），则需要在配置文件spring-security.xml的页面拦截规则中加上配置

        <headers>
            <frame-options policy="SAMEORIGIN"/>
        </headers>

项目中存在的资源文件也要不进行拦截：

    <http pattern="/css/**" security="none"></http>
    <http pattern="/img/**" security="none"></http>
    <http pattern="/js/**" security="none"></http>
    <http pattern="/plugins/**" security="none"></http>

后端Controlller获取成功登陆的用户名，以JSON数据返回给前端页面

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/login")
public class LoginController {

    @RequestMapping("/loginName")
    public Map loginName() {
        String name = SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getName();
        Map map = new HashMap<>();
        map.put("loginName", name);
        return map;
    }
}

配置退出登陆操作，清理掉登陆的缓存

对应的前端退出/注销操作的代码

<div class="pull-right">
    <a href="../logout" class="btn btn-default btn-flat">注销</a>
</div>