RedHat7 Yum源配置
Yum源
Yum(全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified),是一个软件包管理器,基于RPM包管理,能够从指定的服务器自动下载RPM包并且安装,可以自动处理依赖性关系,并且一次安装所有依赖的软体包,无须繁琐地一次次下载和安装。
Yum的基本工作机制如下:
服务器端:在服务器上面存放了所有的RPM软件包,然后以相关的功能去分析每个RPM文件的依赖性关系,将这些数据记录成文件存放在服务器的某特定目录内。
客户端:如果需要安装某个软件时,先下载服务器上面记录的依赖性关系文件(可通过WWW或FTP方式),通过对服务器端下载的纪录数据进行分析,然后取得所有相关的软件,一次全部下载下来进行安装。
更改Yum源的原因
- RedHat Yum源是收费的,没有成功注册RedHat的机器无法正常使用Yum源
- CentOS Yum源是免费的,国内网易、阿里的Yum源,稳定可靠
- 挂在本地源,可以在离线的情况下使用
Yum常用命令
#清除缓存目录
yum clean all
#更新缓存
yum makecache
#使用Yum查找软件包
yum search ssh
#用Yum安装软件包
yum install ssh
#用Yum删除软件包
yum remove ssh
#安装更新软件
yum update
搭建Yum本地源
mount -o loop rhel-server-7.4-x86_64-dvd.iso /mnt
mkdir /tmp/repo
cp -r /mnt/* /tmp/repo
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
vi local.repo
[rhel7.4]
name=rhel7.4
baseurl=file:///tmp/repo
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
yum clean all
yum makecache
搭建Yum源服务器和客户端
服务器端
#安装apache
yum install httpd*
#编辑apache配置文件
cd /etc/httpd/conf
cp httpd.conf httpd.conf.bak
#删除测试启动服务
rm -f /etc/httpd/conf.d/welcome.conf /var/www/error/noindex.html
#拷贝文件到目录或者修改httpd.conf中的DocumentRoot
cp -r /tmp/repo /var/www/html
cd /var/www/html
chmod -R 755 repo/
#重启apache服务 并设置服务自启动
service httpd restart
chkconfig httpd on
chkconfig --list | grep httpd
客户端
cd /etc/yum.repos.d
vi http.repo
[rhel7.4]
name=rhel7.4
baseurl=http://192.168.233.128/repo //baseurl=http://本地主机IP/yumsource
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
yum clean all
yum makecache
配置CentOS Yum源
#1.查看系统版本
[root@localhost huan]# cat /etc/redhat-release
Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server release 7.4 (Maipo)
#2.查看系统本身所安装的yum 软件包
[root@localhost huan]# rpm -qa | grep yum
PackageKit-yum-1.1.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64
yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64
yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch
yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch
yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-9.el7.noarch
yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch
#3.删除自带的yum包
rpm -qa|grep yum|xargs rpm -e --nodeps (不检查依赖,直接删除rpm包)
#4.再次查看系统本身yum 软件包是否已删除
rpm -qa | grep yum
#5.下载相关安装包RPM
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/PackageKit-yum-1.1.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-9.el7.noarch.rpm
wget http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/Packages/yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm
#6.安装下载的RPM安装包,按顺序执行下面命令
rpm -ivh yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64.rpm yum-3.4.3-154.el7.centos.noarch.rpm yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm
rpm -ivh PackageKit-yum-1.1.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm yum-utils-1.1.31-42.el7.noarch.rpm yum-langpacks-0.4.2-7.el7.noarch.rpm yum-rhn-plugin-2.0.1-9.el7.noarch.rpm
#7.修改repo文件添加CentOS的Yum源
cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
cp rhel-source.repo rhel-source.repo.bak
vi rhel-source.repo
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Base
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Plus
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/7.4.1708/os/x86_64/
gpgcheck=1
#清除缓存查看是否生效
yum clean all
yum makecache
yum repolist