java网络编程之Netty编解码技术(六)
概念理解
编解码技术,说白了就是Java序列化技术,序列化目的就两个,第一进行网络传输,第二对象持久化。虽然我们可以使用java进行对象序列化,Netty去传输,但是Java序列化的硬伤太多,比如Java序列化没法跨语言、序列化后码流太大、序列化性能太低等等。JBoss Marshalling序列化的速度是JDK的3倍。
主流的编解码框架:
1、JBoss的Marshalling包
2、Google的Protobuf
3、基于 Protobuf 的Kyro
4、MessagePack框架
每个编解码的框架都不难,下面我主要是通过JBoss来讲解,需要了解其他框架的可以去百度。
JBoos Marshalling
JBoos Marshalling是一个java对象系列化的包,对JDK默认的序列化框架进行了优化,但又保持跟java.io.Serializable接口的兼容,同时增加了一些可调的参数和附加特征。
类库:jboss-marshalling-1.3.0 jboss-marshalling-serial-1.3.0
下载地址:https://www.jboss.org/jbossmarshalling/downloads
JBoos Marshalling与Netty结合后进行序列化对象的代码编写非常简单,下面我会一一介绍。
实体类
首先,需要两个实体类,实体类都需要实现Serializable接口,Req类是用来做客户端的请求的, Resp类是用来做服务端返回给客户端的响应。
Req类代码如下:
public class Req implements Serializable{
private static final long SerialVersionUID = 1L;
private String id ;
private String name ;
private String requestMessage ;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getRequestMessage() {
return requestMessage;
}
public void setRequestMessage(String requestMessage) {
this.requestMessage = requestMessage;
}
}
Resp类代码如下:
public class Resp implements Serializable{
private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;
private String id;
private String name;
private String responseMessage;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public String getResponseMessage() {
return responseMessage;
}
public void setResponseMessage(String responseMessage) {
this.responseMessage = responseMessage;
}
}
这里代码没什么好说的
Jboss Marshalling 编解码工具类
在编写之前必须先导入Jboss需要的包
public final class MarshallingCodeCFactory {
/**
* 创建Jboss Marshalling解码器MarshallingDecoder
* @return MarshallingDecoder
*/
public static MarshallingDecoder buildMarshallingDecoder() {
//1
final MarshallerFactory marshallerFactory = Marshalling.getProvidedMarshallerFactory("serial");
//2
final MarshallingConfiguration configuration = new MarshallingConfiguration();
configuration.setVersion(5);
//3
UnmarshallerProvider provider = new DefaultUnmarshallerProvider(marshallerFactory, configuration);
//4
MarshallingDecoder decoder = new MarshallingDecoder(provider, 1024 * 1024 * 1);
return decoder;
}
/**
* 创建Jboss Marshalling编码器MarshallingEncoder
* @return MarshallingEncoder
*/
public static MarshallingEncoder buildMarshallingEncoder() {
final MarshallerFactory marshallerFactory = Marshalling.getProvidedMarshallerFactory("serial");
final MarshallingConfiguration configuration = new MarshallingConfiguration();
configuration.setVersion(5);
MarshallerProvider provider = new DefaultMarshallerProvider(marshallerFactory, configuration);
//5
MarshallingEncoder encoder = new MarshallingEncoder(provider);
return encoder;
}
}
1、首先通过Marshalling工具类的精通方法获取Marshalling实例对象 参数serial标识创建的是java序列化工厂对象。
2、创建了MarshallingConfiguration对象,配置了版本号为5
3、根据marshallerFactory和configuration创建provider
4、构建Netty的MarshallingDecoder对象,俩个参数分别为provider和单个消息序列化后的最大长度
5、构建Netty的MarshallingEncoder对象,MarshallingEncoder用于实现序列化接口的POJO对象序列化为二进制数组
个人感觉不难都是一些固定的写法,记住每一步要做什么就好。
服务端
public class Server {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
EventLoopGroup pGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup cGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
ServerBootstrap b = new ServerBootstrap();
b.group(pGroup, cGroup)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 1024)
//1
.handler(new LoggingHandler(LogLevel.INFO))
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
//2
sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingDecoder());
//3
sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingEncoder());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ServerHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture cf = b.bind(8765).sync();
cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
pGroup.shutdownGracefully();
cGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
这里其实没什么改动,跟我上一篇文章的Netty流数据的传输处理差不多,
1、设置日志(这里需要自己导入log4j.jar) 当然你也可以不设置打印日记
2、这是我们写的Jboss Marshalling工具类的解码器MarshallingDecoder
3、这是我们写的Jboss Marshalling工具类的编码器MarshallingEncoder
其它代码说明可以去看我的Netty第一个程序的那篇文章。
服务端业务处理
public class ServerHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
Req req = (Req)msg;
System.out.println("Server : " + req.getId() + ", " + req.getName() + ", " + req.getRequestMessage());
Resp resp = new Resp();
resp.setId(req.getId());
resp.setName("resp" + req.getId());
resp.setResponseMessage("响应内容" + req.getId());
ctx.writeAndFlush(resp);//.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE);
}
}
这里业务逻辑主要是将客户端传过来的信息进行打印,然后将数据传入返回的实体类Resp,将实体类Resp返回给客户端
客户端
public class Client {
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel sc) throws Exception {
//1 解码
sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingDecoder());
//2 编码
sc.pipeline().addLast(MarshallingCodeCFactory.buildMarshallingEncoder());
sc.pipeline().addLast(new ClientHandler());
}
});
ChannelFuture cf = b.connect("127.0.0.1", 8765).sync();
//3
for(int i = 0; i < 5; i++ ){
Req req = new Req();
req.setId("" + i);
req.setName("pro" + i);
req.setRequestMessage("数据信息" + i);
cf.channel().writeAndFlush(req);
}
cf.channel().closeFuture().sync();
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
这里编解码跟服务端一样,不再详细说,不懂可以回头看看服务端的。
3、for循环向服务端发送五条消息
客户端业务处理
public class ClientHandler extends ChannelHandlerAdapter{
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
try {
Resp resp = (Resp)msg;
System.out.println("Client : " + resp.getId() + ", " + resp.getName() + ", " + resp.getResponseMessage());
} finally {
ReferenceCountUtil.release(msg);
}
}
}
这里很简单,没什么好说的了。
好!到这目前所有代码都编写完了来测试一下效果。
服务端启动打印如图:
客户端启动打印如图:
客户端启动后服务端的打印:
源代码:https://github.com/hfbin/Thread_Socket/tree/master/Socket/serializable
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