基本查询（Query查询）
数据准备及简单查询
//首先做一个数据准备，创建一个索引
PUT /lib3
{
"settings": {
"number_of_shards": 3,
"number_of_replicas": 0
},
"mappings": {
"user": {
"properties": {
"name": {"type": "text"},
"address": {"type": "text"},
"age": {"type": "integer"},
"interests": {"type": "text"},
"birthday": {"type": "date"}
}
}
}
}
//添加一些文档
PUT /lib3/user/1
{
"name": "zhaoliu",
"address": "hei long jiang sheng tie ling shi",
"age": 50,
"birthday": "1970-12-12",
"interests": "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,lvyou"
}
PUT /lib3/user/2
{
"name": "zhaoming",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 20,
"birthday": "1998-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,changge"
}
PUT /lib3/user/3
{
"name": "lisi",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 23,
"birthday": "1998-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan hejiu, duanlian,changge"
}
PUT /lib3/user/4
{
"name": "wangwu",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 26,
"birthday": "1995-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan biancheng, tingyinyue,lvyou"
}
PUT /lib3/user/5
{
"name": "zhangsan",
"address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
"age": 29,
"birthday": "1988-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
}
//简单查询
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=name:lisi
//返回结果
{
"took": 9, //took：当前搜索所用时间
"time_out": false, //time_out：是否超时
"_shards": { //shards：分片信息
"total": 3, //总分片数
"successful": 3, //请求成功的分片数
"skipped": 0, //请求跳过的分片数
"failed": 0 //请求失败的分片数
},
"hits": {
"total": 1, //查询出的文档数
"max_score": 0.6931472, //相关度分数（即查出的文档和搜索条件的匹配度，完全匹配为最大值1）
"hits": [
{
"_index": "lib3",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "3",
"_score": 0.6931472,
"_source": {
"name": "lisi",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 23,
"birthday": "1998-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan he jiu, duan lian,chang ge"
}
}
]
}
}
//简单查询
//查询兴趣是changge的人，并对age进行降序排列
GET /lib3/user/_search?q=interests:changge&sort=age:desc
//返回结果
{
"took": 17,
"time_out": false,
"_shards": {
"total": 3,
"successful": 3,
"skipped": 0,
"failed": 0
},
"hits": {
"total": 3,
"max_score": null,
"hits": [
{
"_index": "lib3",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "5",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"name": "zhangsan",
"address": "bei jing chao yang qu",
"age": 29,
"birthday": "1988-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan tingyinyue,changge,tiaowu"
},
"sort": [
29
]
},
{
"_index": "lib3",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "5",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"name": "lisi",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 23,
"birthday": "1998-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,cahngge"
},
"sort": [
23
]
},
{
"_index": "lib3",
"_type": "user",
"_id": "5",
"_score": null,
"_source": {
"name": "zhaoming",
"address": "bei jing hai dian qu qing he zhen",
"age": 20,
"birthday": "1998-10-12",
"interests": "xi huan hejiu,duanlian,changge"
},
"sort": [
20
]
}
]
}
}term查询和terms查询
term query回去倒排索引中寻找确切的term（即精准查询），它并不知道分词器的存在。这种查询适合keyword，numeric，date。
term：查询某个字段里含有某个关键词的文档
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"term": {
"interests": "changge"
}
}
}terms：查询某个字段里含有多个关键字的文档
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"terms": {
"interests": ["hejiu", "changge"] //这里多个条件是或（即or）的关系
}
}
}控制查询返回的数量
from：从哪一个文档开始
size：需要的个数
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"from": 0,
"size": 2,
"query": {
"terms": {
"interests": ["hejiu", "changge"]
}
}
}返回版本号
version：当设置version为true时，查询的文档中将返回版本信息，默认情况是false（即不设置的version时）
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"version": true,
"query": {
"terms": {
"interests": ["hejiu", "changge"]
}
}
}match查询
match query知道分词器的存在，会对filed进行分词操作，然后在查询
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "zhaoliu"
}
}
}
//分词的体现
//匹配的条件越多，相似度的值将会越高
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"name": "zhaoliu zhaoming"
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"age": 20
}
}
}match_all：查询所有文档
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}multi_match：可以指定多个字段
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"multi_match": {
"query": "lvyou",
"fields": [
"interests",
"name"
]
}
}
}match_phrase：短语匹配查询
Elasticsearch引擎首先分析（analyze）查询字符串，从分析后的文本中构建短语查询，这意味着必须匹配短语中的所有分词，并且保证各个分词的相对位置不变；
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase": {
"interests": "duanlian, shuoxiangsheng"
}
}
}指定返回的字段
_source：可在_source中设置想返回的字段
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"_source": [
"address",
"name"
],
"query": {
"match": {
"interests": "changge"
}
}
}控制加载的字段
includes：包含某些字段，可以使用通配符进行查询
excludes：排除某些字段，可以使用通配符进行查询
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"_source": {
"includes": ["name", "address"],
"excludes": ["age", "birthday"]
},
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
//使用通配符查询
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"_source": {
"includes": ["addr*"],
"excludes": ["name", "bir*"]
},
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}排序
使用sort实现排序：desc降序、asc升序
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"sort": [
{
"age": {
"order": "asc"
}
}
],
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"sort": [
{
"age": {
"order": "desc"
}
}
],
"query": {
"match_all": {}
}
}前缀匹配查询
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match_phrase_prefilx": {
"name": {
"query": "zhao"
}
}
}
}范围查询
range：实现范围查询
参数：from、to、include_lower、include_upper、boost
include_lower：是否包含范围的左边界，默认是true
include_upper：是否包含范围的右边界，默认是true
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"birthday": {
"from": "1990-10-10",
"to": "2018-05-01"
}
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"range": {
"age": {
"from": 20,
"to": 25,
"include_lower": true,
"include_upper": false
}
}
}
}wildcard查询
允许使用通配符*和?来进行查询
*代表0个或者多个字符
?代表任意一个字符
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"wildcard": {
"name": "zhao*"
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"wildcard": {
"name": "li?i"
}
}
}fuzzy实现模糊查询
value：查询的关键字
boost：查询的权值，默认值是1.0
min_similarity：设置匹配的最小相似度，默认值为0.5，对于字符串，取值为0-1（包含0和1）；对于数值，取值可能大于1；对于日期类型取值为1d，1m等，1d就代表1天
prefix_length：指明区分词项的共同前缀长度，默认是0
max_expansions：查询中的词项可以扩展的数目，默认可以无限大
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"fuzzy": {
"interests": "changge"
}
}
}
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"fuzzy": {
"interests": {
"value": "chagge" //此处changge写成了chagge，但因为模糊查询依然可以查出结果
}
}
}
}高亮搜索结果
GET /lib3/user/_search
{
"query": {
"match": {
"interests": "changge"
}
},
"highlight": {
"fields": {
"interests": {}
}
}
}