edhat提供了一个redhat-upgrade-tool的升级工具；
[1]配置软件源(网上有些教程把这一步省了，当时升级试了很多次都不成功
# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/upgrade.repo
[upgrade]
name=upgrade
baseurl=http://dev.centos.org/centos/6/upg/x86_64/
enable=1
gpgcheck=0
[2]安装软件工具
yum -y install preupgrade-assistant-contents redhat-upgrade-tool preupgrade-assistant
[3]升级前检查潜在问题（如果此处有显示报错之类的提示，建议可以先卸载）
| # preupg Preupg tool doesn't do the actual upgrade.
Please ensure you have backed up your system and/or data in the event of a failed upgrade
that would require a full re-install of the system from installation media.
Do you want to continue? y/n
y
Gathering logs used by preupgrade assistant:
All installed packages : 01/11 ...finished (time 00:01s)
All changed files : 02/11 ...finished (time 04:40s)
Changed config files : 03/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
All users : 04/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
All groups : 05/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
Service statuses : 06/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
All installed files : 07/11 ...finished (time 00:03s)
All local files : 08/11 ...finished (time 00:12s)
All executable files : 09/11 ...finished (time 00:01s)
RedHat signed packages : 10/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
CentOS signed packages : 11/11 ...finished (time 00:00s)
Assessment of the system, running checks / SCE scripts:
001/096 ...done (Configuration Files to Review)
002/096 ...done (File Lists for Manual Migration)
003/096 ...done (Bacula Backup Software)
004/096 ...done (MySQL configuration)
005/096 ...done (Migration of the MySQL data stack)
006/096 ...done (Changes related to moving from MySQL to MariaDB)
007/096 ...done (PostgreSQL upgrade content)
008/096 ...running (GNOME Desktop Environment underwent several design modificatdone (GNOME Desktop Environment underwent several design modifications in CentOS 7 release)
009/096 ...running (KDE Desktop Environment underwent several design modificatiodone (KDE Desktop Environment underwent several design modifications in CentOS 7 release)
010/096 ...done (several graphic drivers not supported in CentOS 7)
011/096 ...done (several input drivers not supported in CentOS 7)
012/096 ...done (several kernel networking drivers not available in CentOS 7)
013/096 ...done (several kernel storage drivers not available in CentOS 7)
014/096 ...done (Names, Options and Output Format Changes in arptables)
015/096 ...done (BIND9 running in a chroot environment check.)
016/096 ...done (BIND9 configuration compatibility check)
017/096 ...running (Move dhcpd/dhcprelay arguments from /etc/sysconfig/* to *.sedone (Move dhcpd/dhcprelay arguments from /etc/sysconfig/* to *.service files)
018/096 ...done (DNSMASQ configuration compatibility check)
019/096 ...done (Dovecot configuration compatibility check)
020/096 ...done (Compatibility Between iptables and ip6tables)
021/096 ...done (Net-SNMP check)
022/096 ...done (Squid configuration compatibility check)
023/096 ...done (Reusable Configuration Files)
024/096 ...done (VCS repositories)
025/096 ...done (Added and extended options for BIND9 configuration)
026/096 ...done (Added options in DNSMASQ configuration)
027/096 ...done (Packages not signed by CentOS)
028/096 ...done (Obsoleted rpms)
029/096 ...done (w3m not available in CentOS 7)
030/096 ...running (report incompatibilities between CentOS 6 and 7 in qemu-guesdone (report incompatibilities between CentOS 6 and 7 in qemu-guest-agent package)
031/096 ...done (Removed options in coreutils binaries)
032/096 ...done (Removed options in gawk binaries)
033/096 ...done (Removed options in netstat binary)
034/096 ...done (Removed options in quota tools)
035/096 ...done (Removed rpms)
036/096 ...done (Replaced rpms)
037/096 ...done (GMP library incompatibilities)
038/096 ...done (package downgrades)
039/096 ...done (restore custom selinux configuration)
040/096 ...done (General)
041/096 ...done (samba shared directories selinux)
042/096 ...done (CUPS Browsing/BrowsePoll configuration)
043/096 ...done (CVS Package Split)
044/096 ...done (FreeRADIUS Upgrade Verification)
045/096 ...done (httpd configuration compatibility check)
046/096 ...done (bind-dyndb-ldap)
047/096 ...done (Identity Management Server compatibility check)
048/096 ...done (IPA Server CA Verification)
049/096 ...done (NTP configuration)
050/096 ...done (Information on time-sync.target)
051/096 ...done (OpenLDAP /etc/sysconfig and data compatibility)
052/096 ...done (OpenSSH sshd_config migration content)
053/096 ...done (OpenSSH sysconfig migration content)
054/096 ...done (Configuration for quota_nld service)
055/096 ...running (Disk quota netlink message daemon moved into quota-nld packadone (Disk quota netlink message daemon moved into quota-nld package)
056/096 ...done (SSSD compatibility check)
057/096 ...done (Luks encrypted partition)
058/096 ...done (Clvmd and cmirrord daemon management.)
059/096 ...done (State of LVM2 services.)
060/096 ...done (device-mapper-multipath configuration compatibility check)
061/096 ...done (Removal of scsi-target-utils)
062/096 ...done (Configuration for warnquota tool)
063/096 ...running (Disk quota tool warnquota moved into quota-warnquota packagedone (Disk quota tool warnquota moved into quota-warnquota package)
064/096 ...done (Architecture Support)
065/096 ...done (Binary rebuilds)
066/096 ...done (Debuginfo packages)
067/096 ...done (Cluster and High Availability)
068/096 ...done (Quorum implementation)
069/096 ...done (fix krb5kdc config file)
070/096 ...done (File Systems, Partitions and Mounts Configuration Review)
071/096 ...done (Read Only FHS directories)
072/096 ...done (Sonamebumped libs)
073/096 ...done (SonameKept Reusable Dynamic Libraries)
074/096 ...done (Removed .so libs)
075/096 ...done (In-place Upgrade Requirements for the /usr/ Directory)
076/096 ...done (CA certificate bundles modified)
077/096 ...done (Developer Tool Set packages)
078/096 ...done (Hyper-V)
079/096 ...running (Content for enabling and disabling services based on CentOS done (Content for enabling and disabling services based on CentOS 6 system)
080/096 ...done (Check for ethernet interface naming)
081/096 ...done (User modification in /etc/rc.local and /etc/rc.d/rc.local)
082/096 ...done (cgroups configuration compatibility check)
083/096 ...done (Plugable authentication modules (PAM))
084/096 ...done (Foreign Perl modules)
085/096 ...done (Python 2.7.5)
086/096 ...done (Ruby 2.0.0)
087/096 ...done (SCL collections)
088/096 ...done (System kickstart)
089/096 ...done (YUM)
090/096 ...done (Check for usage of dangerous range of UID/GIDs)
091/096 ...done (Incorrect usage of reserved UID/GIDs)
092/096 ...done (NIS ypbind config files back-up)
093/096 ...done (NIS Makefile back-up)
094/096 ...done (NIS server maps check)
095/096 ...done (NIS server MAXUID and MAXGID limits check)
096/096 ...done (NIS server config file back-up)
Assessment finished (time 04:02s)
Result table with checks and their results for main contents:
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|Bacula Backup Software |notapplicable |
|MySQL configuration |notapplicable |
|Migration of the MySQL data stack |notapplicable |
|Changes related to moving from MySQL to MariaDB |notapplicable |
|PostgreSQL upgrade content |notapplicable |
|Names, Options and Output Format Changes in arptables |notapplicable |
|BIND9 running in a chroot environment check. |notapplicable |
|BIND9 configuration compatibility check |notapplicable |
|Move dhcpd/dhcprelay arguments from /etc/sysconfig/* to *.service files |notapplicable |
|Dovecot configuration compatibility check |notapplicable |
|Net-SNMP check |notapplicable |
|Squid configuration compatibility check |notapplicable |
|Added and extended options for BIND9 configuration |notapplicable |
|w3m not available in CentOS 7 |notapplicable |
|report incompatibilities between CentOS 6 and 7 in qemu-guest-agent package |notapplicable |
|restore custom selinux configuration |notapplicable |
|FreeRADIUS Upgrade Verification |notapplicable |
|httpd configuration compatibility check |notapplicable |
|bind-dyndb-ldap |notapplicable |
|Identity Management Server compatibility check |notapplicable |
|IPA Server CA Verification |notapplicable |
|OpenLDAP /etc/sysconfig and data compatibility |notapplicable |
|SSSD compatibility check |notapplicable |
|Clvmd and cmirrord daemon management. |notapplicable |
|Removal of scsi-target-utils |notapplicable |
|Quorum implementation |notapplicable |
|fix krb5kdc config file |notapplicable |
|Ruby 2.0.0 |notapplicable |
|NIS ypbind config files back-up |notapplicable |
|NIS Makefile back-up |notapplicable |
|NIS server maps check |notapplicable |
|NIS server MAXUID and MAXGID limits check |notapplicable |
|NIS server config file back-up |notapplicable |
|several graphic drivers not supported in CentOS 7 |pass |
|several input drivers not supported in CentOS 7 |pass |
|several kernel networking drivers not available in CentOS 7 |pass |
|several kernel storage drivers not available in CentOS 7 |pass |
|DNSMASQ configuration compatibility check |pass |
|Compatibility Between iptables and ip6tables |pass |
|NTP configuration |pass |
|Information on time-sync.target |pass |
|OpenSSH sshd_config migration content |pass |
|Configuration for quota_nld service |pass |
|Disk quota netlink message daemon moved into quota-nld package |pass |
|Luks encrypted partition |pass |
|Configuration for warnquota tool |pass |
|Architecture Support |pass |
|Debuginfo packages |pass |
|Cluster and High Availability |pass |
|Read Only FHS directories |pass |
|In-place Upgrade Requirements for the /usr/ Directory |pass |
|CA certificate bundles modified |pass |
|Developer Tool Set packages |pass |
|Hyper-V |pass |
|Check for ethernet interface naming |pass |
|User modification in /etc/rc.local and /etc/rc.d/rc.local |pass |
|Plugable authentication modules (PAM) |pass |
|SCL collections |pass |
|System kickstart |pass |
|Incorrect usage of reserved UID/GIDs |pass |
|VCS repositories |informational |
|Added options in DNSMASQ configuration |informational |
|Removed options in coreutils binaries |informational |
|Removed options in gawk binaries |informational |
|Removed options in netstat binary |informational |
|Removed options in quota tools |informational |
|GMP library incompatibilities |informational |
|samba shared directories selinux |informational |
|CVS Package Split |informational |
|Disk quota tool warnquota moved into quota-warnquota package |informational |
|File Systems, Partitions and Mounts Configuration Review |informational |
|SonameKept Reusable Dynamic Libraries |informational |
|YUM |informational |
|Reusable Configuration Files |fixed |
|Replaced rpms |fixed |
|package downgrades |fixed |
|CUPS Browsing/BrowsePoll configuration |fixed |
|OpenSSH sysconfig migration content |fixed |
|State of LVM2 services. |fixed |
|device-mapper-multipath configuration compatibility check |fixed |
|Configuration Files to Review |needs_inspection |
|File Lists for Manual Migration |needs_inspection |
|Obsoleted rpms |needs_inspection |
|Binary rebuilds |needs_inspection |
|Foreign Perl modules |needs_inspection |
|Python 2.7.5 |needs_inspection |
|Check for usage of dangerous range of UID/GIDs |needs_inspection |
|KDE Desktop Environment underwent several design modifications in CentOS 7 release |needs_action |
|Packages not signed by CentOS |needs_action |
|Removed rpms |needs_action |
|General |needs_action |
|Sonamebumped libs |needs_action |
|Removed .so libs |needs_action |
|Content for enabling and disabling services based on CentOS 6 system |needs_action |
|cgroups configuration compatibility check |needs_action |
|GNOME Desktop Environment underwent several design modifications in CentOS 7 release |fail |
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tarball with results is stored here /root/preupgrade-results/preupg_results-150112163646.tar.gz .
The latest assessment is stored in directory /root/preupgrade .
Summary information:
We found some critical issues. In-place upgrade is not advised.
Read the file /root/preupgrade/result.html for more details.
Upload results to UI by command:
e.g. preupg -u http://127.0.0.1:8099/submit/ -r /root/preupgrade-results/preupg_results-*.tar.gz . |
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[4]开始升级
# rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
正常的运行以上命令可以升级完成；
# redhat-upgrade-tool --network 7.0 --instrepo http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64/
这强制的就显得有点不友好了，生产环境慎用；
更新到这一步：
setting up repos...
.treeinfo | 1.1 kB 00:00
getting boot images...
vmlinuz-redhat-upgrade-tool | 4.7 MB 01:38
initramfs-redhat-upgrade-tool.img | 32 MB 14:45
setting up update...
finding updates 100% [=====================================================================================================]
(1/272): acl-2.2.51-12.el7.x86_64.rpm | 81 kB 00:00
(2/272): attr-2.4.46-12.el7.x86_64.rpm | 66 kB 00:00
(3/272): audit-2.3.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 223 kB 00:01
(4/272): audit-libs-2.3.3-4.el7.x86_64.rpm | 77 kB 00:00
(5/272): authconfig-6.2.8-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 399 kB 00:08
(6/272): basesystem-10.0-7.el7.centos.noarch.rpm | 5.0 kB 00:00
(7/272): bash-4.2.45-5.el7.x86_64.rpm | 1.0 MB 00:17
(270/272): yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-24.el7.noarch.rpm | 28 kB 00:03
(271/272): zlib-1.2.7-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 89 kB 00:06
(272/272): zlib-devel-1.2.7-13.el7.x86_64.rpm | 49 kB 00:01
setting up system for upgrade
Finished. Reboot to start upgrade.
#reboot
[5]升级完成:
# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Linux release 7.0.1406 (Core)