RPC，即 Remote Procedure Call（远程过程调用），说得通俗一点就是：调用远程计算机上的服务，就像调用本地服务一样。
RPC 可基于 HTTP 或 TCP 协议，Web Service 就是基于 HTTP 协议的 RPC，它具有良好的跨平台性，但其性能却不如基于 TCP 协议的 RPC。会两方面会直接影响 RPC 的性能，一是传输方式，二是序列化。
众所周知，TCP 是传输层协议，HTTP 是应用层协议，而传输层较应用层更加底层，在数据传输方面，越底层越快，因此，在一般情况下，TCP 一定比 HTTP 快。就序列化而言，Java 提供了默认的序列化方式，但在高并发的情况下，这种方式将会带来一些性能上的瓶颈，于是市面上出现了一系列优秀的序列化框架，比如：Protobuf、Kryo、Hessian、Jackson 等，它们可以取代 Java 默认的序列化，从而提供更高效的性能。
下面是简单实现的基于netty的RPC调用。
一、首先定义消息传递的实体类
span style="font-size:14px;">public class ClassInfo implements Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = -8970942815543515064L;
private String className;//类名
private String methodName;//函数名称
private Class<?>[] types;//参数类型
private Object[] objects;//参数列表
public String getClassName() {
return className;
}
public void setClassName(String className) {
this.className = className;
}
public String getMethodName() {
return methodName;
}
public void setMethodName(String methodName) {
this.methodName = methodName;
}
public Class<?>[] getTypes() {
return types;
}
public void setTypes(Class<?>[] types) {
this.types = types;
}
public Object[] getObjects() {
return objects;
}
public void setObjects(Object[] objects) {
this.objects = objects;
}
}二、创建Netty操作的服务端，以及具体操作
1. 服务端
public class RPCServer {
private int port;
public RPCServer(int port){
this.port = port;
}
public void start(){
EventLoopGroup bossGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup workerGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap().group(bossGroup, workerGroup).channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.localAddress(port).childHandler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
pipeline.addLast(new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new ObjectEncoder());
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new ObjectDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, ClassResolvers.cacheDisabled(null)));
pipeline.addLast(new InvokerHandler());
}
}).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
ChannelFuture future = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
System.out.println("Server start listen at " + port );
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} catch (Exception e) {
bossGroup.shutdownGracefully();
workerGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
int port;
if (args.length > 0) {
port = Integer.parseInt(args[0]);
} else {
port = 8080;
}
new RPCServer(port).start();
}
} - 服务端操作，由服务端我们看到具体的数据传输操作是进行序列化的，具体的操作还是比较简单的，就是获取发送过来的信息，这样就可以通过反射获得类名，根据函数名和参数值，执行具体的操作，将执行结果发送给客户端
public class InvokerHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
public static ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> classMap = new ConcurrentHashMap<String,Object>();
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
ClassInfo classInfo = (ClassInfo)msg;
Object claszz = null;
if(!classMap.containsKey(classInfo.getClassName())){
try {
claszz = Class.forName(classInfo.getClassName()).newInstance();
classMap.put(classInfo.getClassName(), claszz);
} catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException | ClassNotFoundException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}else {
claszz = classMap.get(classInfo.getClassName());
}
Method method = claszz.getClass().getMethod(classInfo.getMethodName(), classInfo.getTypes());
Object result = method.invoke(claszz, classInfo.getObjects());
ctx.write(result);
ctx.flush();
ctx.close();
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
cause.printStackTrace();
ctx.close();
}
}
三、客户端，通过代理机制来触发远程调用
（1）客户端，当执行具体的函数时会调用远程操作，将具体操作的类、函数及参数信息发送到服务端
public class RPCProxy {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public static <T> T create(Object target){
return (T) Proxy.newProxyInstance(target.getClass().getClassLoader(),target.getClass().getInterfaces(), new InvocationHandler(){
@Override
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args)
throws Throwable {
ClassInfo classInfo = new ClassInfo();
classInfo.setClassName(target.getClass().getName());
classInfo.setMethodName(method.getName());
classInfo.setObjects(args);
classInfo.setTypes(method.getParameterTypes());
ResultHandler resultHandler = new ResultHandler();
EventLoopGroup group = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap b = new Bootstrap();
b.group(group)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.option(ChannelOption.TCP_NODELAY, true)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer<SocketChannel>() {
@Override
public void initChannel(SocketChannel ch) throws Exception {
ChannelPipeline pipeline = ch.pipeline();
pipeline.addLast("frameDecoder", new LengthFieldBasedFrameDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, 0, 4, 0, 4));
pipeline.addLast("frameEncoder", new LengthFieldPrepender(4));
pipeline.addLast("encoder", new ObjectEncoder());
pipeline.addLast("decoder", new ObjectDecoder(Integer.MAX_VALUE, ClassResolvers.cacheDisabled(null)));
pipeline.addLast("handler",resultHandler);
}
});
ChannelFuture future = b.connect("localhost", 8080).sync();
future.channel().writeAndFlush(classInfo).sync();
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();
} finally {
group.shutdownGracefully();
}
return resultHandler.getResponse();
}
});
}
} - 获取远程调用返回的结果值
public class ResultHandler extends ChannelInboundHandlerAdapter {
private Object response;
public Object getResponse() {
return response;
}
@Override
public void channelRead(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Object msg) throws Exception {
response=msg;
System.out.println("client接收到服务器返回的消息:" + msg);
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("client exception is general");
}
} 四、接口、实现类及Main操作
public interface HelloRpc {
String hello(String name);
} public class HelloRpcImpl implements HelloRpc {
@Override
public String hello(String name) {
return "hello "+name;
}
}