摘自：https://www.cnblogs.com/wangshuyi/p/6089344.html

RPM方式安装MySQL5.6

RPM方式安装MySQL5.6

a. 检查MySQL及相关RPM包，是否安装，如果有安装，则移除（rpm –e 名称）

1 [root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa | grep -i mysql
2 mysql-libs-5.1.66-2.el6_3.x86_64
3 [root@localhost ~]# yum -y remove mysql-libs*

b. 下载Linux对应的RPM包，如：CentOS6.4_64对应的RPM包，如下：

 
[root@localhost rpm]# ll
total 74364
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 18442536 Dec 11 20:19 MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root  3340660 Dec 11 20:06 MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 54360600 Dec 11 20:03 MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm 
     

c. 安装MySQL

1 [root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-server-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
2 [root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-devel-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
3 [root@localhost rpm]# rpm -ivh MySQL-client-5.6.15-1.el6.x86_64.rpm
4 #修改配置文件位置
5 [root@localhost rpm]# cp /usr/share/mysql/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

d. 初始化MySQL及设置密码

1 [root@localhost rpm]# /usr/bin/mysql_install_db
2 [root@localhost rpm]# service mysql start
3 [root@localhost rpm]# cat /root/.mysql_secret  #查看root账号密码
4 # The random password set for the root user at Wed Dec 11 23:32:50 2013 (local time): qKTaFZnl
5 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot –pqKTaFZnl
6 mysql> SET PASSWORD = PASSWORD('123456');    #设置密码为123456
7 mysql> exit
8 [root@localhost ~]# mysql -uroot -p123456

e. 允许远程登陆

 1 mysql> use mysql;
 2 mysql> select host,user,password from user;
 3 +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
 4 | host                  | user | password                                  |
 5 +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
 6 | localhost             | root | *6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9 |
 7 | localhost.localdomain | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
 8 | 127.0.0.1             | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
 9 | ::1                   | root | *1237E2CE819C427B0D8174456DD83C47480D37E8 |
10 +-----------------------+------+-------------------------------------------+
11  
12 mysql> update user set password=password('123456') where user='root';
13 mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root' and host='localhost';
14 mysql> flush privileges;
15 mysql> exit

f. 设置开机自启动

1 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig mysql on
2 [root@localhost ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
3 mysql           0:off   1:off   2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off

g. MySQL的默认安装位置

1 /var/lib/mysql/               #数据库目录
2 /usr/share/mysql              #配置文件目录
3 /usr/bin                     #相关命令目录
4 /etc/init.d/mysql              #启动脚本

修改字符集和数据存储路径

配置/etc/my.cnf文件,修改数据存放路径、mysql.sock路径以及默认编码utf-8.

 1 [client]  
 2 password        = 123456  
 3 port            = 3306  
 4 default-character-set=utf8  
 5 [mysqld]  
 6 port            = 3306  
 7 character_set_server=utf8  
 8 character_set_client=utf8  
 9 collation-server=utf8_general_ci  
10 #(注意linux下mysql安装完后是默认：表名区分大小写，列名不区分大小写； 0：区分大小写，1：不区分大小写)  
11 lower_case_table_names=1  
12 #(设置最大连接数，默认为 151，MySQL服务器允许的最大连接数16384; )  
13 max_connections=1000  
14 [mysql]  
15 default-character-set = utf8

查看字符集

show variables like '%collation%';

show variables like '%char%';