python中一个十分方便的第三方库requests

requsets库与之前的urllib.request功能，但是相对于后者，前者不需要我们进行封装，能够直接导入调用

如下：get请求

import requests

url = 'http://www.baidu.com'

# requests 的get用法
response = requests.get(url)

with open('baidu.html', 'wb') as f:
    f.write(response.content)

post请求

import requests
import json

# 1. url
url = 'http://fanyi.baidu.com/sug'

# 2. form/ data/ body
def translate(kw):
    form = {
        'kw': kw
    }
    # 2.1 字典转换成str
    # form_str = parse.urlencode(form)
    # print(form_str)
    # 2.2 str转换成bytes
    # form_bytes = form_str.encode('utf-8')
    # 3. 调用函数 url form
    # response = request.urlopen(url, data=form_bytes)

    # request 的post方法色使用
    response = requests.post(url, data=form)

    # str = response.content.decode('utf-8/gbk/gb2312/gb18080') =
    response.encoding = 'utf-8'
    str = response.text

    # 解析json，转为dict型
    res_dict = json.loads(response.text)
    print(res_dict)
    #  输出结果
    #print(res_dict)
    result = res_dict['data'][0]['v']
    return result

if __name__ == '__main__':
    res1 = translate('河边草')
    res2 = translate('黄昏')
    print(res1,res2)

====================================================添加代理======================================================

import requests

# url
url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com'
# 添加 proxy
proxy = {
    'http': 'http://root:*******@255.255.255.255:8080'
}
# 添加headers
headers = {
    'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36'
}
# 调用requests, 得到response
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxy)
print(response.text)

=====================================================抓取雪球网首页=======================================================

import requests, json, pymysql

# 打开数据库连接
class sql_my(object):
    
    def __init__(self):
        self.db = pymysql.connect("127.0.0.1","root","123456","xueqiu")
        # 使用 cursor() 方法创建一个游标对象 cursor
        self.cursor = self.db.cursor()
        
    def execute_modify_mysql(self, sql):
        self.cursor.execute(sql)
        self.db.commit()
        
    def __del__(self):
        # 提交
        self.cursor.close()
        self.db.close()
s = sql_my()
# sql = 'insert into fangchan(target) values(11)'
# s.execute_modify_mysql(sql)

#url为请求地址，num为请求次数，即获取的数据页数
def request_sql(url,num):
    #循环作为递归的出口
    i= 0
    while i<num:
        num-=1
        mylist = []
        headers = {
            'Cookie': 'device_id=8ef6474c963f19dd4b434f9b6cc4c4bd; _ga=GA1.2.283628643.1534314264; _gid=GA1.2.446448707.1534314264; aliyungf_tc=AQAAAJqLCnKOTwsAF/gnd4T1KbbEtJnL; xq_a_token=584d0cf8d5a5a9809761f2244d8d272bac729ed4; xq_a_token.sig=x0gT9jm6qnwd-ddLu66T3A8KiVA; xq_r_token=98f278457fc4e1e5eb0846e36a7296e642b8138a; xq_r_token.sig=2Uxv_DgYTcCjz7qx4j570JpNHIs; u=971534333229421; Hm_lvt_1db88642e346389874251b5a1eded6e3=1534333716,1534341738,1534342886,1534342891; Hm_lpvt_1db88642e346389874251b5a1eded6e3=1534348215; _gat_gtag_UA_16079156_4=1',
            'Referer': 'https://xueqiu.com/',
            'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/67.0.3396.99 Safari/537.36',
        }
        #请求
        response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
        #将请求数据格式转为字典
        res_json = response.text
        res_dict = json.loads(res_json)
        list_list = res_dict['list']
        for list_items in list_list:
            data = json.loads(list_items['data'])
            mylist.append(list_items['id'])
            print(data)
            column = list_items['column']
            data['column'] = column
            try:
                sql = 'insert into fangchan(tid,title,description,target,`column`) values({id},"{title}","{description}","{target}","{column}");'.format(**data)
                s.execute_modify_mysql(sql)
            except:
                sql = 'insert into fangchan(tid,title,target,`column`) values({id},"{title}","{target}","{column}");'.format(**data)
                s.execute_modify_mysql(sql)
        #构造新的url用于下一次请求
        url = 'https://xueqiu.com/v4/statuses/public_timeline_by_category.json?since_id=-1&max_id={}&count=15&category=111'.format(mylist[-1])
        request_sql(url,num)
        #循环作为递归的出口
        while i<num:
            num -=1

if __name__ == '__main__':
    #测试，获取三页数据
　　 url='https://xueqiu.com/v4/statuses/public_timeline_by_category.json?since_id=-1&max_id=-1&count=10&category=111' 
    request_sql(url,10)