expect - 自动交互脚本

其他 2018-08-15 17:18:34 阅读次数: 0 
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<h1>expect - 自动交互脚本</h1>
<div class="toc">
<ul>
<li><a href="#toc_0.1">expect参数</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#toc_0.1.1">启用选项</a>
<li><a href="#toc_0.1.2">常用命令</a>
<li><a href="#toc_0.1.3">命令介绍</a>
</ul>
<li><a href="#toc_0.2">expect范例</a>
</ul>
</ul>
</div>

<h2 id="toc_0.1">expect参数</h2>

<ul>
<li>
<a href="expect_handbook.html">expect教程中文版</a>

<li>
<a href="http://blog.csdn.net/classwang/article/details/3928467">expect中文手册</a>

<li>
<a href="expect_description.html">expect说明</a>

</ul>

<h3 id="toc_0.1.1">启用选项</h3>
<ul>
<li>
<code>-c</code>:执行脚本前先执行的命令，可多次使用。

<li>
<code>-d</code>:debug模式，可以在运行时输出一些诊断信息，与在脚本开始处使用<code>exp_internal 1</code>相似。

<li>
<code>-D</code>:启用交换调式器,可设一整数参数。

<li>
<code>-f</code>:从文件读取命令，仅用于使用#!时。如果文件名为"-"，则从stdin读取(使用"./-"从文件名为-的文件读取)。

<li>
<code>-i</code>:交互式输入命令，使用"exit"或"EOF"退出输入状态。

<li>
<code>--</code>:标示选项结束(如果你需要传递与expect选项相似的参数给脚本时)，可放到<code>#!</code>行:<code>#!/usr/bin/expect --</code>。

<li>
<code>-v</code>:显示expect版本信息。

</ul>

<h3 id="toc_0.1.2">常用命令</h3>
<pre class="brush:bash">
# 命令行参数 
# $argv，参数数组，使用[lindex $argv n]获取，$argv 0为脚本名字
# $argc，参数个数
set username [lindex $argv 1]  # 获取第1个参数
set passwd [lindex $argv 2]    # 获取第2个参数

set timeout 30 # 设置超时

# spawn是expect内部命令，开启ssh连接
spawn ssh -l username 192.168.1.1

# 判断上次输出结果里是否包含“password:”的字符串，如果有则立即返回，否则就等待一段时间(timeout)后返回
expect "password:"

# 发送内容ispass(密码、命令等)
send "ispass\r"

# 发送内容给用户
send_user "$argv0 [lrange $argv 0 2]\n"
send_user "It's OK\r"
# 执行完成后保持交互状态，控制权交给控制台(手工操作)。否则会完成后会退出。
interact
</pre>

<h3 id="toc_0.1.3">命令介绍</h3>

<ul>
<li>
close:关闭当前进程的连接。

<li>
debug:控制调试器。

<li>
disconnect:断开进程连接(进程仍在后台运行)。

<ul>
<li>
定时读取密码、执行priv_prog
<pre class="brush:bash">
send_user "password?\ "
expect_user -re "(.*)\n"
for {} 1 {} {
    if {[fork]!=0} {sleep 3600;continue}
    disconnect
    spawn priv_prog
    expect Password:
    send "$expect_out(1,string)\r"
    . . .
    exit
}
</pre>

</ul>
<li>
exit:退出expect。

<li>
exp_continue [-continue_timer]:继续执行下面的匹配。

<li>
exp_internal [-f file] value:

</ul>


<h2 id="toc_0.2">expect范例</h2>

<ul>
<li>
自动telnet会话
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为userid
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
set mycommand [lindex $argv 3 ]  # 接收第4个参数，作为命令
set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间

# 向远程服务器请求打开一个telnet会话，并等待服务器询问用户名
spawn telnet $ip
    expect "username:"
    # 输入用户名，并等待服务器询问密码
    send "$userid\r"
    expect "password:"
    # 输入密码，并等待键入需要运行的命令
    send "$mypassword\r"
    expect "%"
    # 输入预先定好的密码，等待运行结果
    send "$mycommand\r"
    expect "%"
    # 将运行结果存入到变量中，显示出来或者写到磁盘中
    set results $expect_out(buffer)
    # 退出telnet会话，等待服务器的退出提示EOF
    send "exit\r"
    expect eof
</pre>

<li>
自动建立FTP会话
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
set userid [lindex $argv 1 ]     # 接收第2个参数,作为Userid
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间

# 向远程服务器请求打开一个FTP会话，并等待服务器询问用户名
spawn ftp $ip
    expect "username:"
    # 输入用户名，并等待服务器询问密码
    send "$userid\r"
    expect "password:"
    # 输入密码，并等待FTP提示符的出现
    send "$mypassword\r"
    expect "ftp&gt;"
    # 切换到二进制模式，并等待FTP提示符的出现
    send "bin\r"
    expect "ftp&gt;"
    # 关闭ftp的提示符
    send "prompt\r"
    expect "ftp&gt;"
    # 下载所有文件
    send "mget *\r"
    expect "ftp&gt;"
    # 退出此次ftp会话，并等待服务器的退出提示EOF
    send "bye\r"
    expect eof
</pre>

</ul>

<ul>
<li>
自动登录ssh执行命令
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP     [lindex $argv 0]
set USER   [lindex $argv 1]
set PASSWD [lindex $argv 2]
set CMD    [lindex $argv 3]

spawn ssh $USER@$IP $CMD
expect {
    "(yes/no)?" {
        send "yes\r"
        expect "password:"
        send "$PASSWD\r"
        }
    "password:" {send "$PASSWD\r"}
    "* to host" {exit 1}
    }
expect eof
</pre>

<li>
自动登录ssh
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/usr/bin/expect -f  
set ip [lindex $argv 0 ]         # 接收第1个参数,作为IP
set username [lindex $argv 1 ]   # 接收第2个参数,作为username
set mypassword [lindex $argv 2 ] # 接收第3个参数,作为密码
set timeout 10                   # 设置超时时间 

spawn ssh $username@$ip       # 发送ssh请求
expect {                      # 返回信息匹配 
"*yes/no" { send "yes\r"; exp_continue}  # 第一次ssh连接会提示yes/no,继续  
"*password:" { send "$mypassword\r" }    # 出现密码提示,发送密码  
} 
interact        # 交互模式,用户会停留在远程服务器上面
</pre>

</ul>

<ul>
<li>
批量登录ssh服务器执行操作范例，设定增量的for循环
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/usr/bin/expect
for {set i 10} {$i &lt;= 12} {incr i} {
    set timeout 30
    set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
    spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user abc$i.com

    expect_before "no)?" {
    send "yes\r" }
    sleep 1
    expect "password*"
    send "hello\r"
    expect "*#"
    send "echo hello expect! &gt; /tmp/expect.txt\r"
    expect "*#"
    send "echo\r"
}
exit
</pre>

</ul>

<ul>
<li>
批量登录ssh并执行命令，foreach语法
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/usr/bin/expect
if {$argc!=2} {
    send_user "usage: ./expect ssh_user password\n"
    exit
}
foreach i {11 12} {
    set timeout 30
    set ssh_user [lindex $argv 0]
    set password [lindex $argv 1]
    spawn ssh -i .ssh/$ssh_user [email protected]
    expect_before "no)?" {
    send "yes\r" }
    sleep 1

    expect "Enter passphrase for key*"
    send "password\r"
    expect "*#"
    send "echo hello expect! &gt; /tmp/expect.txt\r"
    expect "*#"
    send "echo\r"
}
exit
</pre>

</ul>

<ul>
<li>
另一自动ssh范例，从命令行获取服务器IP，foreach语法，expect嵌套
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/usr/bin/expect
# 使用方法: script_name ip1 ip2 ip3 ...

set timeout 20
if {$argc &lt; 1} {
  puts "Usage: script IPs"
  exit 1
}
# 替换你自己的用户名
set user "username"
#替换你自己的登录密码
set password "yourpassword"

foreach IP $argv {
spawn ssh $user@$IP

expect \
  "(yes/no)?" {
    send "yes\r"
    expect "password:?" {
      send "$password\r"
    }
  } "password:?" {
    send "$password\r"
}

expect "\$?"
# 替换你要执行的命令
send "last\r"
expect "\$?"
sleep 10
send "exit\r"
expect eof
}
</pre>

</ul>

<ul>
<li>
批量ssh执行命令，用shell调用tclsh方式、多进程同时执行

<ul>
<li>
tclsh - Simple shell containing Tcl interpreter
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/bin/sh
# -*- tcl -*- \
exec tclsh $0 "$@"
package require Expect
set username [lindex $argv 0]
set password [lindex $argv 1]
set argv [lrange $argv 2 end]
set prompt "(%|#|\\$) $"
foreach ip $argv {
    spawn ssh -t $username@$ip sh
    lappend ids $spawn_id
}
expect_before -i ids eof {
    set index [lsearch $ids $expect_out(spawn_id)]
    set ids [lreplace $ids $index $index]
    if [llength $ids] exp_continue
}
expect -i ids "(yes/no)\\?" {
    send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) yes\r
    exp_continue
} -i ids "Enter passphrase for key" {
    send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) \r
    exp_continue
} -i ids "assword:" {
    send -i $expect_out(spawn_id) $password\r
    exp_continue
} -i ids -re $prompt {
    set spawn_id $expect_out(spawn_id)
    send "echo hello; exit\r"
    exp_continue
} timeout {
    exit 1
}
</pre>

</ul>
</ul>

<ul>
<li>
ssh登录过程常规提示文字
<pre>
The authenticity of host '192.168.17.35 (192.168.17.35)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 25:e8:4c:89:a3:b2:06:ee:de:66:c7:7e:1b:fa:1c:c5.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)?


Warning: Permanently added '192.168.17.35' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/data/key/my_dsa':


Last login: Sun Jan 26 13:39:37 2014 from 192.168.11.143
[root@master003 ~]#


[email protected]'s password:


Last login: Thu Jan 23 17:50:43 2014 from 192.168.11.102
[root@lvsmaster ~]#
</pre>

</ul>

<ul>
<li>
ssh自动登录expect脚本:ssh.expect
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/usr/bin/expect -f
# Auther:YuanXing
# Update:2014-02-08
if {$argc &lt; 4} {
    send_user "Usage:\n  $argv0 IPaddr User Passwd Port Passphrase\n"
    puts stderr "argv error!\n"
    sleep 1
    exit 1
}

set ip         [lindex $argv 0 ]
set user       [lindex $argv 1 ]
set passwd     [lindex $argv 2 ]
set port       [lindex $argv 3 ]
set passphrase [lindex $argv 4 ]
set timeout 6
if {$port == ""} {
    set port 22
}
#send_user "IP:$ip,User:$user,Passwd:$passwd,Port:$port,Passphrase:$passphrase"
spawn ssh -p $port $user@$ip

expect_before "(yes/no)\\?" {
    send "yes\r"}

expect \
"Enter passphrase for key*" {
    send "$passphrase\r"
    exp_continue
} " password:?" {
    send "$passwd\r"
    exp_continue
} "*\[#\\\$]" {
    interact
} "* to host" {
    send_user "Connect faild!"
    exit 2
} timeout {
    send_user "Connect timeout!"
    exit 2
} eof {
    send_user "Lost connect!"
    exit
}
</pre>

<li>
Mikrotik backup script using ssh and expect

<ul>
<li>
<a href="http://www.pmoghadam.com/homepage/HTML/mikrotik-backup-script-ssh-expect.html">http://www.pmoghadam.com/homepage/HTML/mikrotik-backup-script-ssh-expect.html</a>
<pre class="brush:bash">
#!/bin/bash
# BY: Pejman Moghadam
# TAG: mikrotik, ssh, expect, lftp
# DATE: 2012-05-27 14:42:14 

BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups"
HOSTNAME="192.168.88.1"
PORT="22"
USER="admin"
PASS="123456"
TMP=$(mktemp)
TODAY=$(date +%F)
FILENAME="$HOSTNAME-$TODAY"
PATH="/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin"

# create expect script
cat &gt; $TMP &lt;&lt; EOF 
#exp_internal 1 # Uncomment for debug
set timeout -1
spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$HOSTNAME
match_max 100000
expect -exact "password:"
send -- "$PASS\r"
sleep 1
expect " &gt; "
send -- "/export file=$FILENAME\r"
expect " &gt; "
send -- "/system backup save name=$FILENAME\r"
expect " &gt; "
send -- "quit\r"
expect eof
EOF

# run expect script
#cat $TMP # Uncomment for debug
expect -f $TMP

# remove expect script
rm $TMP

# download and remove backup files
# "xfer:clobber on" means overwrite existing files
cd ${BACKUP_DIR}
echo "
  set xfer:clobber on
  get ${FILENAME}.rsc
  rm ${FILENAME}.rsc 
  get ${FILENAME}.backup
  rm ${FILENAME}.backup" | 
lftp -u $USER,$PASS $HOSTNAME
</pre>

</ul>
</ul>

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