7.1 安装软件包的三种方法
| 方法 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| 源码包 | 最难，需要环境及工具的支持 |
| RPM包 | 仅安装当前包，不自动安装依赖包 |
| yum仓库 | 自动安装依赖包 |
7.2 rpm包介绍
挂载安装光盘，Packages/下的就是rpm包
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@localhost ~]# ls /mnt/Packages/
yum-utils-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch.rpm
...
zziplib-0.13.62-5.el7.x86_64.rpmrpm包名（以.分割）
7.3 rpm工具用法
安装rpm包（i install v 可视化 h 人性化显示）
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ivh /mnt/Packages/zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm
准备中... ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
1:zsh-5.0.2-28.el7 ################################# [100%]升级rpm包（U 升级 v 可视化 h 人性化显示）
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -Uvh /mnt/Packages/zsh-5.0.2-28.el7.x86_64.rpm 卸载rpm包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -e zsh查询安装的rpm包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qa
yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-45.el7.noarch
grub2-common-2.02-0.65.el7.centos.2.noarch
kbd-legacy-1.15.5-13.el7.noarch
...
pth-2.0.7-23.el7.x86_64
rpm-build-libs-4.11.3-32.el7.x86_64
gpgme-1.3.2-5.el7.x86_64查询指定rpm包
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -q dhcp-common
dhcp-common-4.2.5-68.el7.centos.x86_64查询指定rpm包信息
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qi dhcp-common
Name : dhcp-common
Epoch : 12
Version : 4.2.5
Release : 68.el7.centos
Architecture: x86_64
Install Date: 2018年07月27日 星期五 05时11分37秒
Group : System Environment/Base
Size : 245529
License : ISC
Signature : RSA/SHA256, 2018年04月25日 星期三 18时57分31秒, Key ID 24c6a8a7f4a80eb5
Source RPM : dhcp-4.2.5-68.el7.centos.src.rpm
Build Date : 2018年04月13日 星期五 20时48分47秒
Build Host : x86-01.bsys.centos.org
Relocations : (not relocatable)
Packager : CentOS BuildSystem <http://bugs.centos.org>
Vendor : CentOS
URL : http://isc.org/products/DHCP/
Summary : Common files used by ISC dhcp client and server
Description :
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is a protocol which allows
individual devices on an IP network to get their own network
configuration information (IP address, subnetmask, broadcast address,
etc.) from a DHCP server. The overall purpose of DHCP is to make it
easier to administer a large network.
This package provides common files used by dhcp and dhclient package.列出rpm包安装的文件
[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql dhcp-common
/etc/dhcp
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-common-4.2.5
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-common-4.2.5/LICENSE
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-common-4.2.5/README
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-common-4.2.5/RELNOTES
/usr/share/doc/dhcp-common-4.2.5/References.txt
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcp-eval.5.gz
/usr/share/man/man5/dhcp-options.5.gz查看文件是由哪个包安装的
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[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf /etc/dhcp/
dhcp-common-4.2.5-68.el7.centos.x86_647.4 yum工具用法
列出可用包
[root@localhost ~]# yum list搜索包
[root@localhost ~]# yum search vim安装包（-y 不询问直接安装）
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vim列出可用组
[root@localhost ~]# yum grouplist安装组（-y 不询问直接安装）
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall -y [可用组]卸载包
[root@localhost ~]# yum remove -y vim升级包（不加包名为升级所有包）
[root@localhost ~]# yum update -y vim检测软件包中包含的文件以及软件提供的功能，查找与正则表达式匹配的值
[root@localhost ~]# yum provides '*/vim'7.5 yum搭建本地仓库
挂载安装光盘
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/cdrom /mnt/
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载新建配置文件，后缀必须为.repo
[root@localhost ~]# touch /etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo在配置文件中写入以下参数
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repos.d/cdrom.repo
[cdrom]
name=cdrom
baseurl=file:///mnt
enabled=1
gpgcheck=07.6 yum更换国内源
备份
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup下载国内yum源配置文件
阿里云镜像
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-7.repo163镜像
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo
curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.163.com/.help/CentOS7-Base-163.repo运行以下命令生成缓存
yum clean all
yum makecache7.7 yum下载rpm包
安装扩展源epel
yum install -y epel-release
yum list |grep epel下载rpm包
yum install [包名] --downloadonly下载rpm包，并指定路径
yum install [包名] --downloadonly --downloaddir=[路径]7.8/7.9 源码包安装
源码包下载到/usr/local/src/
[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/src/
[root@localhost src]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/httpd/httpd-2.4.34.tar.gz解压源码包
[root@localhost src]# tar -xzvf httpd-2.4.34.tar.gz
[root@localhost src]# ls httpd-2.4.34安装源码包
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.34]# yum install -y gcc apr* pcre*
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.34]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/apache2/
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.34]# make
[root@localhost httpd-2.4.34]# make install扩展局域网yum源
- 服务端设置
安装工具
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y createrepo yum-utils
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y vsftpd从国内yum源下载rpm包
- -p指定保存路径
[root@localhost ~]# reposync -p /opt/yum/生成元数据目录
[root@localhost ~]# createrepo /opt/yum/
[root@localhost ~]# ls
repodata编辑vsftpd配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/vsftpd/vsftpd.conf
anonymous_enable=YES
anon_root=/opt/yum/
chroot_local_user=YES
[root@localhost ~]# systemctl restart vsftpd
[root@localhost ~]# iptables -F
[root@localhost ~]# setenforce 0- 客户端设置
编辑yum配置文件
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/yum.repo.d/yc.repo
[yc]
name=yc
baseurl=ftp://192.168.148.128/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
[root@localhost ~]# yum clean all
[root@localhost ~]# yum makecache