1. NFS服务端搭建
1.1. 安装NFS和rpc 【服务端、客户端都安装】
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind
[root@backup ~]# yum install nfs-utils rpcbind -y #nfs需要的安装包
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qa nfs-utils rpcbind
nfs-utils-1.2.3-64.el6.x86_64
rpcbind-0.2.0-11.el6_7.x86_64
1.2. 查看用户信息
[root@nfs01 ~]# tail /etc/passwd
haldaemon:x:68:68:HAL daemon:/:/sbin/nologin
ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin
saslauth:x:499:76:Saslauthd user:/var/empty/saslauth:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin
oldboy:x:500:500::/home/oldboy:/bin/bash
rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/cache/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin #yum安装rpc服务时创建的
rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin #yum安装rpc服务时创建的
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin #yum安装nfs服务时创建的
1.3. 配置exports
[root@nfs01 ~]# mkdir /data
[root@nfs01 ~]# ll -d /data/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Apr 11 09:49 /data/
[root@nfs01 ~]# chown -R nfsnobody.nfsnobody /data/
[root@nfs01 ~]# ll -d /data/
drwxr-xr-x. 3 nfsnobody nfsnobody 4096 Apr 11 09:49 /data/
[root@nfs01 ~]# cat /etc/exports
# share /data for web created by zhangliang at 2016-05-21
/data 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync)
#172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync) 没有空格
1.4. 启动rpcbind服务
[root@nfs01 ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
[root@nfs01 ~]# netstat -anp | grep 'rpc'
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1346/rpcbind
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:38420 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1368/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 :::13894 :::* LISTEN 1368/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1346/rpcbind
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:673 0.0.0.0:* 1346/rpcbind
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:703 0.0.0.0:* 1368/rpc.statd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:15306 0.0.0.0:* 1368/rpc.statd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 1346/rpcbind
udp 0 0 :::673 :::* 1346/rpcbind
udp 0 0 :::50537 :::* 1368/rpc.statd
udp 0 0 :::111 :::* 1346/rpcbind
unix 2 [ ACC ] STREAM LISTENING 10120 1346/rpcbind /var/run/rpcbind.sock
unix 2 [ ] DGRAM 10207 1368/rpc.statd
[root@nfs01 ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 4 udp 111 portmapper
100000 3 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100024 1 udp 15306 status
100024 1 tcp 38420 status
#### 由上可知，暂时只有自己的端口服务，没有其他的
1.5. 启动NFS
[root@nfs01 ~]# /etc/init.d/nfs start
Starting NFS services: [ OK ]
Starting NFS quotas: [ OK ]
Starting NFS mountd: [ OK ]
Starting NFS daemon: [ OK ]
正在启动 RPC idmapd： [确定]
[root@nfs01 ~]# rpcinfo -p localhost
program vers proto port service
100000 4 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 3 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 2 tcp 111 portmapper
100000 4 udp 111 portmapper
100000 3 udp 111 portmapper
100000 2 udp 111 portmapper
100024 1 udp 15306 status
100024 1 tcp 38420 status
100011 1 udp 875 rquotad
100011 2 udp 875 rquotad
100011 1 tcp 875 rquotad
100011 2 tcp 875 rquotad
100005 1 udp 11473 mountd
100005 1 tcp 62369 mountd
100005 2 udp 17528 mountd
100005 2 tcp 47308 mountd
100005 3 udp 11312 mountd
100005 3 tcp 51724 mountd
100003 2 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 3 tcp 2049 nfs
100003 4 tcp 2049 nfs
100227 2 tcp 2049 nfs_acl
100227 3 tcp 2049 nfs_acl
100003 2 udp 2049 nfs
100003 3 udp 2049 nfs
100003 4 udp 2049 nfs
100227 2 udp 2049 nfs_acl
100227 3 udp 2049 nfs_acl
100021 1 udp 25181 nlockmgr
100021 3 udp 25181 nlockmgr
100021 4 udp 25181 nlockmgr
100021 1 tcp 20093 nlockmgr
100021 3 tcp 20093 nlockmgr
100021 4 tcp 20093 nlockmgr
1.6. 加入开始自启动
1.6.1. 使用 /etc/rc.local
[root@nfs01 ~]# tail /etc/rc.local
# You can put your own initialization stuff in here if you don't
# want to do the full Sys V style init stuff.
touch /var/lock/subsys/local
# start rpc and nfs server
/etc/init.d/rpcbind start
/etc/init.d/nfs start
1.6.2. 使用chkconfig
[root@nfs01 ~]# chkconfig rpcbind on
[root@nfs01 ~]# chkconfig nfs on
[root@nfs01 ~]# ls /etc/rc.d/rc3.d/* | grep -E 'rpc|nfs'
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/K61nfs-rdma
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/K69rpcsvcgssd
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S13rpcbind
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S14nfslock
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S19rpcgssd
/etc/rc.d/rc3.d/S30nfs
查看rpc服务和NFS服务的开机启动顺序
[root@nfs01 ~]# head /etc/init.d/rpcbind
#! /bin/sh
#
# rpcbind Start/Stop RPCbind
#
# chkconfig: 2345 13 87 #运行级别 开机顺序 关机顺序【其中 2345 指的是 运行级别】
# description: The rpcbind utility is a server that converts RPC program \
# numbers into universal addresses. It must be running on the \
# host to be able to make RPC calls on a server on that machine.
#
# processname: rpcbind
[root@nfs01 ~]# head /etc/init.d/nfs
#!/bin/sh
#
# nfs This shell script takes care of starting and stopping
# the NFS services.
#
# chkconfig: - 30 60
# description: NFS is a popular protocol for file sharing across networks.
# This service provides NFS server functionality, which is \
# configured via the /etc/exports file.
# probe: true
1.7. 查看有哪些参数生效
[root@nfs01 ~]# cat /var/lib/nfs/etab
/data 172.16.1.0/24(rw,sync,wdelay,hide,nocrossmnt,secure,root_squash,no_all_squash,no_subtree_check,secure_locks,acl,anonuid=65534,anongid=65534,sec=sys,rw,root_squash,no_all_squash)
1.8. 检查是否成功
[root@nfs01 ~]# showmount -e 172.16.1.31
Export list for 172.16.1.31:
/data 172.16.1.0/24
2. NFS客户端配置
2.1. 开始rpcbind服务
[root@web01 ~]# /etc/init.d/rpcbind start
Starting rpcbind: [ OK ]
2.2. 检查共享信息
[root@web01 ~]# showmount -e 172.16.1.31
Export list for 172.16.1.31:
/data 172.16.1.0/24
2.3. NFS挂载
[root@web01 ~]# mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data /mnt
2.4. 查看挂载信息
[root@web01 ~]# df -h #有时可能会被卡主
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 8.8G 1.5G 6.9G 18% /
tmpfs 495M 0 495M 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1 190M 40M 141M 23% /boot
172.16.1.31:/data 8.8G 1.5G 6.9G 18% /mnt
或者
[root@web01 ~]# cat /proc/mounts # 优先使用，监控时使用该命令
rootfs / rootfs rw 0 0
proc /proc proc rw,relatime 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw,relatime 0 0
devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs rw,relatime,size=490920k,nr_inodes=122730,mode=755 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,relatime,gid=5,mode=620,ptmxmode=000 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda3 / ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
/proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb usbfs rw,relatime 0 0
/dev/sda1 /boot ext4 rw,relatime,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 0
none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw,relatime 0 0
sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw,relatime 0 0
172.16.1.31:/data/ /mnt nfs4 rw,relatime,vers=4,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,port=0,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,clientaddr=172.16.1.8,minorversion=0,local_lock=none,addr=172.16.1.31 0 0
2.5. 测试
在客户端和服务端之间测试
1、客户端创建文件并且输入数据，在服务端是否可以查看
2、服务端创建文件并且输入数据，在客户端是否可以查看
3、在服务端删除客户端创建的文件
4、在客户端删除服务端创建的文件
2.6. 加入开机自启动
[root@web01 mnt]# tail -3 /etc/rc.local
# mount nfs
mount -t nfs 172.16.1.31:/data /mnt