运算符
Mysql可以通过运算符来对表中数据进行运算，比如通过出生日期求年龄等
运算符包括四类
算数运算符
比较运算符
逻辑运算符
位运算符
1.算术运算符
+ - * / %
2.比较运算符
> , <,=,>=,<=,!=以及in，between and ,is null, greatest ,least,like,regexp等
3.逻辑运算符
逻辑运算符所得的结果均为1（true）0(false),这类运算符有逻辑非（not或者！），
逻辑与（and 或者&&），逻辑或（or或者||），逻辑异或（XOR）
4.位操作运算符
参与运算的操作数按二进制位进行运算，包括位与（&），位或（|）位非（~）
位异或（^）,左移（<<）,右移（>>）六种。
算数运算符
加、减、乘运算
mysql> select a,a+5,a*2 from t1;
+------+------+------+
| a | a+5 | a*2 |
+------+------+------+
| 24 | 29 | 48 |
+------+------+------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这里的原值为24,后面也可以使用混合运算，只需要注意优先级即可
除法和取模运算
mysql> select a,a/3,a div 3,a%5,mod(a,5) from t1;
+------+--------+---------+------+----------+
| a | a/3 | a div 3 | a%5 | mod(a,5) |
+------+--------+---------+------+----------+
| 24 | 8.0000 | 8 | 4 | 4 |
+------+--------+---------+------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
此处 / 和 div 代表整除，% 和 mod 代表取模
要注意的是，如果被除数为0,那么计算结果是NULL
比较运算符
数值比较
mysql> select a,a=24,a<12,a>40,a>=24,a<=24,a!=24,a<>24,a<=>24 from t1;
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| a | a=24 | a<12 | a>40 | a>=24 | a<=24 | a!=24 | a<>24 | a<=>24 |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
| 24 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 |
+------+------+------+------+-------+-------+-------+-------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这里的1代表真，0代表假，需要说明的是<>和<=>
<>代表不等于，等同于!=
<=>代表等于，等同于=
此外，等于和不等于不仅可以比较数值，还能比较字符串
字符串比较
mysql> select a,a='24','ha'<>'ha','xa'='xa','b'!='b' from t1;
+------+--------+------------+-----------+----------+
| a | a='24' | 'ha'<>'ha' | 'xa'='xa' | 'b'!='b' |
+------+--------+------------+-----------+----------+
| 24 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 |
+------+--------+------------+-----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
is null 和is not null
mysql> select a,a is null, a is not null from t1;
+------+-----------+---------------+
| a | a is null | a is not null |
+------+-----------+---------------+
| 24 | 0 | 1 |
+------+-----------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这里可以判断是否为空，NULL也可以跟NULL比较
between and和not between and
mysql> select a,a between 15 and 30,a not between 15 and 30 from t1;
+------+---------------------+-------------------------+
| a | a between 15 and 30 | a not between 15 and 30 |
+------+---------------------+-------------------------+
| 24 | 1 | 0 |
+------+---------------------+-------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
between and 和not between and可以判断数值是否在某一区间内
in
mysql> select a,a in(1,2,23),a in(24,12,22) from t1;
+------+--------------+----------------+
| a | a in(1,2,23) | a in(24,12,22) |
+------+--------------+----------------+
| 24 | 0 | 1 |
+------+--------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
判断操作数是否在某一集合内
like
mysql> select s,s like 'beijing',s like 'b%g',s like 'bei____',s like '%jing' from t2;
+---------+------------------+--------------+------------------+----------------+
| s | s like 'beijing' | s like 'b%g' | s like 'bei____' | s like '%jing' |
+---------+------------------+--------------+------------------+----------------+
| beijing | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
+---------+------------------+--------------+------------------+----------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
like可以用来匹配字符串，_代表单个字符，%代表多个字符
逻辑运算符
与运算
mysql> select 2&&2,2&&null,2 and 3,2 and 2;
+------+---------+---------+---------+
| 2&&2 | 2&&null | 2 and 3 | 2 and 2 |
+------+---------+---------+---------+
| 1 | NULL | 1 | 1 |
+------+---------+---------+---------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这里&&和and意思一样
或运算
mysql> select 2||2,2||null,2 or 3,2 or 0;
+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 2||2 | 2||null | 2 or 3 | 2 or 0 |
+------+---------+--------+--------+
| 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
+------+---------+--------+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
这里||和or的意思一样
非运算
mysql> select !1,!2,!null;
+----+----+-------+
| !1 | !2 | !null |
+----+----+-------+
| 0 | 0 | NULL |
+----+----+-------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)