python request模块学习

原文地址为： python request模块学习

安装:

pip install requests

使用：

import requests  

 HTTP请求：GET、POST、PUT、DELETE、HEAD、OPTIONS

1) get

res = requests.get("https://github.com/timeline.json") 

2) post

res = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post");

3) put

res = requests.put("http://httpbin.org/put");

4) delete

res = requests.delete("http://httpbin.org/delete");

5) head

res = requests.head("http://httpbin.org/get") ;

6) options

res = requests.options("http://httpbin.org/get")

 为URL传递参数

requests模块使用params关键字参数，以一个字典的形式来提供参数。

>>> payload = { ' key1 ': ' value ', ' key2 ': ' value2 '}
>>> res = requests.get( " http://httpbin.org/get ",params=payload)
>>> res.url
u ' http://httpbin.org/get?key2=value2&key1=value '

查看响应内容

    >>> res = requests.get( " http://github.org/timeline.json ")
    >>> res.text
    u ' {"message":"Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\u2019re reading this then you probably didn\u2019t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead.","documentation_url":"https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events"} '

 requests模块会自动解码来自服务器的内容，可以使用res.encoding来查看编码，在你需要的情况下，request也可以使用定制的编码，并使用codes模块进行注册，这样你就可以轻松的使用这个解码器的名称作为res.encoding的值

     >>> res.encoding
     ' utf-8 '
     >>> res.encoding =  " gbk2312 "

 以json格式获取响应的内容

    >>> res = requests.get( " http://github.org/timeline.json ")  
    >>> res.json()
{u ' documentation_url ': u ' https://developer.github.com/v3/activity/events/#list-public-events ', u ' message ': u ' Hello there, wayfaring stranger. If you\u2019re reading this then you probably didn\u2019t see our blog post a couple of years back announcing that this API would go away: http://git.io/17AROg Fear not, you should be able to get what you need from the shiny new Events API instead. '}

 原始的应该内容

    >>> res = requests.get( " http://github.org/timeline.json ")
    >>> res.raw
    <requests.packages.urllib3.response.HTTPResponse object at 0x0000000002F31550>
    >>> res.raw.read(10)
     ''

定制请求头

    >>>  import json
    >>> url =  ' https://api.github.com/some/endpoint '
    >>> payload = { ' some ':  ' data '}
    >>> headers = { ' content-type ':  ' application/json '}

post请求参数是这样：

>>> payload = { ' key1 ': ' value1 ', ' key2 ': ' value2 '}
>>> url =  " http://httpbin.org/post "
>>> res =requests.post(url,data=payload)
>>> res.text
u ' {\n  "args": {}, \n  "data": "", \n  "files": {}, \n  "form": {\n    "key1": "value1", \n    "key2": "value2"\n  }, \n  "headers": {\n    "Accept": "*/*", \n    "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate", \n    "Content-Length": "23", \n    "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", \n    "Host": "httpbin.org", \n    "User-Agent": "python-requests/2.10.0"\n  }, \n  "json": null, \n  "origin": "218.240.129.20", \n  "url": "http://httpbin.org/post"\n}\n '
>>>  print res.text
{
   " args ": {}, 
   " data ":  "", 
   " files ": {}, 
   " form ": {
     " key1 ":  " value1 ", 
     " key2 ":  " value2 "
  }, 
   " headers ": {
     " Accept ":  " */* ", 
     " Accept-Encoding ":  " gzip, deflate ", 
     " Content-Length ":  " 23 ", 
     " Content-Type ":  " application/x-www-form-urlencoded ", 
     " Host ":  " httpbin.org ", 
     " User-Agent ":  " python-requests/2.10.0 "
  }, 
   " json ": null, 
   " origin ":  " 218.240.129.20 ", 
   " url ":  " http://httpbin.org/post "
}

响应状态码及响应头：

>>> res = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/get")

>>> res.status_code
200
>>> res.status_code == requests.codes.ok
True
>>> res.headers
{ ' Content-Length ':  ' 239 ',  ' Server ':  ' nginx ',  ' Connection ':  ' keep-alive ',  ' Access-Control-Allow-Credentials ':  ' true ',  ' Date ':  ' Sun, 22 May 2016 09:24:10 GMT ',  ' Access-Control-Allow-Origin ':  ' * ',  ' Content-Type ':  ' application/json '}
>>>  print res.headers
{ ' Content-Length ':  ' 239 ',  ' Server ':  ' nginx ',  ' Connection ':  ' keep-alive ',  ' Access-Control-Allow-Credentials ':  ' true ',  ' Date ':  ' Sun, 22 May 2016 09:24:10 GMT ',  ' Access-Control-Allow-Origin ':  ' * ',  ' Content-Type ':  ' application/json '}
>>> res.headers[ ' Content-Type ']
' application/json '
>>> res.headers.get( ' content-type ')
' application/json '
>>> res.headers.get( ' Connection ')
' keep-alive '
>>> 

Cookies：

 访问cookies

>>> url =  ' http://example.com/some/cookie/setting/url '
>>> r = requests.get(url)

>>> r.cookies['example_cookie_name'] 

 设置cookies

>>> url =  ' http://httpbin.org/cookies '
>>> cookies = dict(cookies_are= ' working ')

>>> r = requests.get(url, cookies=cookies)
>>> r.text

'{"cookies": {"cookies_are": "working"}}' 

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