活动地址：CSDN21天学习挑战赛
1，request模块总结
该模块主要用于发送请求获取响应，该模块有很多的替代模块，比如说urtlib模块，工作中用的比较多还是requests模块，requests的代码简洁易懂，相对于臃肿的urlib模块，使用requests编写的爬虫代码将会更少，而且实现某些功能将会简单
2，安装requests
PS C:\Users\T14\Desktop> pip install requests
Collecting requests
Downloading requests-2.28.1-py3-none-any.whl (62 kB)
---------------------------------------- 62.8/62.8 KB 30.1 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting urllib3<1.27,>=1.21.1
Downloading urllib3-1.26.11-py2.py3-none-any.whl (139 kB)
---------------------------------------- 139.9/139.9 KB 24.3 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Collecting certifi>=2017.4.17
Downloading certifi-2022.6.15-py3-none-any.whl (160 kB)
---------------------------------------- 160.2/160.2 KB 26.3 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Requirement already satisfied: charset-normalizer<3,>=2 in c:\users\t14\appdata\local\packages\pythonsoftwarefoundation.python.3.9_qbz5n2kfra8p0\localcache\local-packages\python39\site-packages (from requests) (2.1.0)
Collecting idna<4,>=2.5
Downloading idna-3.3-py3-none-any.whl (61 kB)
---------------------------------------- 61.2/61.2 KB 19.2 kB/s eta 0:00:00
Installing collected packages: urllib3, idna, certifi, requests
Successfully installed certifi-2022.6.15 idna-3.3 requests-2.28.1 urllib3-1.26.11
3，向百度发送请求
import requests
# 目标网址
url = "http://www.baidu.com/"
# 发送请求获取响应
response = requests.get(url)
# 查看响应对象的类型
print(type(response))
# 查看响应状态码
print(response.status_code)
# 查看响应内容的类型
print(type(response.text))
# 查看cookies
print(response.cookies)
# 查看响应的内容
print(response.text)
输出结果如下
==================== RESTART: C:/Users/T14/Desktop/test15.py ===================
<class 'requests.models.Response'>
200
<class 'str'>
<RequestsCookieJar[<Cookie BDORZ=27315 for .baidu.com/>]>
<!DOCTYPE html>
<!--STATUS OK--><html> <head><meta http-equiv=content-type content=text/html;charset=utf-8><meta http-equiv=X-UA-Compatible content=IE=Edge><meta content=always name=referrer><link rel=stylesheet type=text/css href=http://s1.bdstatic.com/r/www/cache/bdorz/baidu.min.css><title>ç¾åº¦ä¸ä¸ï¼ä½ å°±ç¥é</title></head> <body link=#0000cc> <div id=wrapper> <div id=head> <div class=head_wrapper> <div class=s_form> <div class=s_form_wrapper> <div id=lg> <img hidefocus=true src=//www.baidu.com/img/bd_logo1.png width=270 height=129> </div> <form id=form name=f action=//www.baidu.com/s class=fm> <input type=hidden name=bdorz_come value=1> <input type=hidden name=ie value=utf-8> <input type=hidden name=f value=8> <input type=hidden name=rsv_bp value=1> <input type=hidden name=rsv_idx value=1> <input type=hidden name=tn value=baidu><span class="bg s_ipt_wr"><input id=kw name=wd class=s_ipt value maxlength=255 autocomplete=off autofocus></span><span class="bg s_btn_wr"><input type=submit id=su value=ç¾åº¦ä¸ä¸ class="bg s_btn"></span> </form> </div> </div> <div id=u1> <a href=http://news.baidu.com name=tj_trnews class=mnav>æ°é»</a> <a href=http://www.hao123.com name=tj_trhao123 class=mnav>hao123</a> <a href=http://map.baidu.com name=tj_trmap class=mnav>å°å¾</a> <a href=http://v.baidu.com name=tj_trvideo class=mnav>è§é¢</a> <a href=http://tieba.baidu.com name=tj_trtieba class=mnav>è´´å§</a> <noscript> <a href=http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com%2f%3fbdorz_come%3d1 name=tj_login class=lb>ç»å½</a> </noscript> <script>document.write('<a href="http://www.baidu.com/bdorz/login.gif?login&tpl=mn&u='+ encodeURIComponent(window.location.href+ (window.location.search === "" ? "?" : "&")+ "bdorz_come=1")+ '" name="tj_login" class="lb">ç»å½</a>');</script> <a href=//www.baidu.com/more/ name=tj_briicon class=bri style="display: block;">æ´å¤äº§å</a> </div> </div> </div> <div id=ftCon> <div id=ftConw> <p id=lh> <a href=http://home.baidu.com>å³äºç¾åº¦</a> <a href=http://ir.baidu.com>About Baidu</a> </p> <p id=cp>©2017 Baidu <a href=http://www.baidu.com/duty/>使ç¨ç¾åº¦åå¿è¯»</a> <a href=http://jianyi.baidu.com/ class=cp-feedback>æè§åé¦</a> 京ICPè¯030173å· <img src=//www.baidu.com/img/gs.gif> </p> </div> </div> </div> </body> </html>
>>>
4 发送带headers参数请求
import requests
# 目标网址
url = "http://www.baidu.com/"
# 构建请求头字典，最重要的就是User-Agent
# 如果需要其他请求头，就在headers字典中加上
headers = {'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/103.0.0.0 Safari/537.36'}
# 发送请求获取响应
response = requests.get(url,headers=headers)
print(response.text)