InceptionV3代码解析

读了Google的GoogleNet以及InceptionV3的论文,决定把它实现一下,尽管很难,但是网上有不少资源,就一条一条的写完了,对于网络的解析都在代码里面了,是在原博主的基础上进行修改的,添加了更多的细节,以及自己的理解。总之,是更详细更啰嗦的一个版本,适合初学者。

 import tensorflow as tf
from datetime import datetime
import math
import time
 
##参考tensorflow实战书籍+博客https://blog.csdn.net/superman_xxx/article/details/65451916,不过丰富了很多细节
##适合像我一样的初学者
slim = tf.contrib.slim
#Slim is an interface to contrib functions, examples and models.
#只是一个接口作用
trunc_normal = lambda stddev: tf.truncated_normal_initializer(0.0, stddev)
#匿名函数 lambda x: x * x  实际上就是:返回x的平方
# tf.truncated_normal_initializer产生截断的正态分布
 
########定义函数生成网络中经常用到的函数的默认参数########
# 默认参数:卷积的激活函数、权重初始化方式、标准化器等
def inception_v3_arg_scope(weight_decay=0.00004,  # 设置L2正则的weight_decay
                           stddev=0.1, # 标准差默认值0.1
                           batch_norm_var_collection='moving_vars'):
 
# 定义batch normalization(批量标准化/归一化)的参数字典
  batch_norm_params = {
      'decay': 0.9997,  # 定义参数衰减系数
      'epsilon': 0.001,
      'updates_collections': tf.GraphKeys.UPDATE_OPS,
      'variables_collections': {
          'beta': None,
          'gamma': None,
          'moving_mean': [batch_norm_var_collection],
          'moving_variance': [batch_norm_var_collection],#值就是前面设置的batch_norm_var_collection='moving_vars'
      }
  }
 
# 给函数的参数自动赋予某些默认值
# slim.arg_scope常用于为tensorflow里的layer函数提供默认值以使构建模型的代码更加紧凑苗条(slim):
  with slim.arg_scope([slim.conv2d, slim.fully_connected],
                      weights_regularizer=slim.l2_regularizer(weight_decay)):
      # 对[slim.conv2d, slim.fully_connected]自动赋值,可以是列表或元组
  # 使用slim.arg_scope后就不需要每次都重复设置参数了,只需要在有修改时设置
    with slim.arg_scope( # 嵌套一个slim.arg_scope对卷积层生成函数slim.conv2d的几个参数赋予默认值
        [slim.conv2d],
        weights_initializer=trunc_normal(stddev), # 权重初始化器
        activation_fn=tf.nn.relu, # 激活函数
        normalizer_fn=slim.batch_norm, # 标准化器
        normalizer_params=batch_norm_params) as sc: # 标准化器的参数设置为前面定义的batch_norm_params
      return sc # 最后返回定义好的scope
 
########定义函数可以生成Inception V3网络的卷积部分########
#########Inception V3架构见TENSORFLOW实战书-黄文坚 p124-p125页
def inception_v3_base(inputs, scope=None):
  '''
  Args:
  inputs:输入的tensor
  scope:包含了函数默认参数的环境
  '''
  end_points = {} # 定义一个字典表保存某些关键节点供之后使用
 
  with tf.variable_scope(scope, 'InceptionV3', [inputs]):
    with slim.arg_scope([slim.conv2d, slim.max_pool2d, slim.avg_pool2d], # 对三个参数设置默认值
                        stride=1, padding='VALID'):
      # 正式定义Inception V3的网络结构。首先是前面的非Inception Module的卷积层
      #输入图像尺寸299 x 299 x 3
      # slim.conv2d的第一个参数为输入的tensor,第二个是输出的通道数,卷积核尺寸,步长stride,padding模式
      net = slim.conv2d(inputs, 32, [3, 3], stride=2, scope='Conv2d_1a_3x3')
      # 输出尺寸149 x 149 x 32
      '''
      因为使用了slim以及slim.arg_scope,我们一行代码就可以定义好一个卷积层
      相比AlexNet使用好几行代码定义一个卷积层,或是VGGNet中专门写一个函数定义卷积层,都更加方便
      '''
      net = slim.conv2d(net, 32, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_2a_3x3')
      # 输出尺寸147 x 147 x 32
      net = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [3, 3], padding='SAME', scope='Conv2d_2b_3x3')
      # 输出尺寸147 x 147 x 64
      net = slim.max_pool2d(net, [3, 3], stride=2, scope='MaxPool_3a_3x3')
      # 输出尺寸73 x 73 x 64
      net = slim.conv2d(net, 80, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_3b_1x1')
      #输出尺寸 73 x 73 x 80.
      net = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_4a_3x3')
      #输出尺寸 71 x 71 x 192.
      net = slim.max_pool2d(net, [3, 3], stride=2, scope='MaxPool_5a_3x3')
      # 输出尺寸35 x 35 x 192.
 
    '''上面部分代码一共有5个卷积层,2个池化层,实现了对图片数据的尺寸压缩,并对图片特征进行了抽象
    有个疑问是框架例里给出的表格中是6个卷积和一个池化,并没有1x1的卷积,为什么要这么做,以及scope后面的名字为什么要这样叫。
    '''
 
    '''
    接下来就是三个连续的Inception模块组,三个Inception模块组中各自分别有多个Inception Module,这部分是Inception Module V3
    的精华所在。每个Inception模块组内部的几个Inception Mdoule结构非常相似,但是存在一些细节的不同
    '''
    # Inception blocks
    with slim.arg_scope([slim.conv2d, slim.max_pool2d, slim.avg_pool2d],  # 设置所有模块组的默认参数
                        stride=1, padding='SAME'):  # 将所有卷积层、最大池化、平均池化层步长都设置为1
        #注意这个模块已经统一指定了padding='SAME',后面不用再说明
        # 第一个模块组包含了三个结构类似的Inception Module
        # 第一个模块组第一个Inception Module,Mixed_5b
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_5b'):  # 第一个Inception Module名称。Inception Module有四个分支
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):  # 第一个分支64通道的1*1卷积
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                #输出尺寸35*35*64
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):  # 第二个分支48通道1*1卷积后一层链接一个64通道的5*5卷积
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 48, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                #输出尺寸35*35*48
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 64, [5, 5], scope='Conv2d_0b_5x5')
                #输出尺寸35*35*64
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'): #第三个分支64通道1*1卷积后一层链接2个96通道的5*5卷积
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                #输出尺寸35*35*64
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 96, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
                #输出尺寸35*35*96
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 96, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0c_3x3')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*96
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):  # 第四个分支为3*3的平均池化后一层连接32通道的1*1卷积
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*192
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(branch_3, 32, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*32
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 将四个分支的输出合并在一起(第三个维度合并,即输出通道上合并)64+64+96+32=256个通道
            # 输出尺寸35*35*256
 
        # 第一个模块组第二个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_5c
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_5c'):   #同样有4个分支,唯一不同的是第4个分支最后接的是64输出通道
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*64
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 48, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*48
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 64, [5, 5], scope='Conv_1_0c_5x5')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*64
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*64
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 96, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*96
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 96, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0c_3x3')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*96
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*192
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(branch_3, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸35*35*64
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 将四个分支的输出合并在一起(第三个维度合并,即输出通道上合并)64+64+96+64=288个通道
            # 输出尺寸35*35*288
 
        # 第一个模块组第3个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_5d
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_5d'):
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 48, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 64, [5, 5], scope='Conv2d_0b_5x5')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 96, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 96, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0c_3x3')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(branch_3, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 将四个分支的输出合并在一起(第三个维度合并,即输出通道上合并)64+64+96+64=288个通道
            # 输出尺寸35*35*288
 
 
        # 第二个Inception模块组是一个非常大的模块组,包含了5个Inception Mdoule,2-5个Inception Mdoule结构非常相似
        #第二个模块组第一个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_6a
        #输入是35*35*288
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_6a'):  #包含3个分支
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 384, [3, 3], stride=2,
                                       padding='VALID', scope='Conv2d_1a_1x1')
                # padding='VALID'图片尺寸会被压缩,通道数增加
                # 输出尺寸17*17*384
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'): #64通道的1*1加2个96通道的3*3卷积
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 64, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                #输出尺寸35 * 35 * 64
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 96, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
                #输出尺寸35*35*96
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 96, [3, 3], stride=2,
                                       padding='VALID', scope='Conv2d_1a_1x1')
                # 图片被压缩/输出尺寸17*17*96
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
                branch_2 = slim.max_pool2d(net, [3, 3], stride=2, padding='VALID',
                                           scope='MaxPool_1a_3x3')
                #输出尺寸17 * 17 * 288(这里大家注意,书上还有很多博客上都是384+96+256=736并不是768,所以最后应该加288)
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2], 3)
            # 输出尺寸定格在17 x 17 x 768
 
        # 第二个模块组第二个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_6b
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_6b'):  #4个分支
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸17*17*192
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 128, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸17 * 17 * 128
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 128, [1, 7],
                                       scope='Conv2d_0b_1x7')
                # 输出尺寸17 * 17 * 128
                # 串联1*7卷积和7*1卷积合成7*7卷积,减少了参数,减轻了过拟合
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 192, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0c_7x1')
                # 输出尺寸17 * 17 * 192
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 128, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸17 * 17 * 128
                # 反复将7*7卷积拆分
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 128, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_7x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 128, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0c_1x7')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 128, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0d_7x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 192, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0e_1x7')
                # 这种方法算是利用Factorization into small convolutions 的典范
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):  #3*3的平均池化
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                # 输出尺寸17 * 17 * 768
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(branch_3, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸17 * 17 * 192
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 输出尺寸定格在17 x 17 x (192*4)=17*17*768
 
        # 第二个模块组第三个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_6c
        # 同前面一个相似,第二个分支和第三个分支的前几层通道由120升为160
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_6c'):
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                '''
                我们的网络每经过一个inception module,即使输出尺寸不变,但是特征都相当于被重新精炼了一遍,
                其中丰富的卷积和非线性化对提升网络性能帮助很大。
                '''
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 160, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 160, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x7')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 192, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0c_7x1')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 160, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 160, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_7x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 160, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0c_1x7')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 160, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0d_7x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 192, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0e_1x7')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(branch_3, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 输出尺寸定格在17 x 17 x (192*4)=17*17*768
 
        # 第二个模块组第四个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_6d
        # 和前面一个完全一样,增加卷积和非线性,提炼特征
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_6d'):
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 160, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 160, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x7')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 192, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0c_7x1')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 160, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 160, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_7x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 160, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0c_1x7')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 160, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0d_7x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 192, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0e_1x7')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(branch_3, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 输出尺寸定格在17 x 17 x (192*4)=17*17*768
 
        # 第二个模块组第五个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_6e
        # 也同前面一样,通道数变为192,但是要将Mixed_6e存储在end_points中
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_6e'):
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 192, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x7')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 192, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0c_7x1')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 192, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_7x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 192, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0c_1x7')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 192, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0d_7x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(branch_2, 192, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0e_1x7')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(branch_3, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 输出尺寸定格在17 x 17 x (192*4)=17*17*768
            end_points['Mixed_6e'] = net
            # 将Mixed_6e存储于end_points中,作为Auxiliary Classifier辅助模型的分类
 
        # 第三个Inception模块包含了3个Inception Mdoule,后两个个Inception Mdoule结构非常相似
        # 第三个模块组第一个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_7a
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_7a'):  # 3个分支
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸17*17*192
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(branch_0, 320, [3, 3], stride=2,
                                       padding='VALID', scope='Conv2d_1a_3x3')
                # 压缩图片# 输出尺寸8*8*320
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 192, [1, 7], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x7')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 192, [7, 1], scope='Conv2d_0c_7x1')
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(branch_1, 192, [3, 3], stride=2,
                                       padding='VALID', scope='Conv2d_1a_3x3')
                # 输出尺寸8*8*192
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):  # 池化层不会对输出通道数产生改变
                branch_2 = slim.max_pool2d(net, [3, 3], stride=2, padding='VALID',
                                           scope='MaxPool_1a_3x3')
                # 输出尺寸8*8*768
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2], 3)
            # 输出图片尺寸被缩小,通道数增加,tensor的总size在持续下降中
            # 输出尺寸8*8*(320+192+768)=8*8*1280
 
        # 第三个模块组第二个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_7b
        '''
        这个模块最大的区别是分支内又有分支,network in network in network
        '''
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_7b'): # 4 个分支
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 320, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸8*8*320
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'): #第二个分支里还有分支
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 384, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸8*8*384
                branch_1 = tf.concat([
                    slim.conv2d(branch_1, 384, [1, 3], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x3'),
                    slim.conv2d(branch_1, 384, [3, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_3x1')], 3)
                # 输出尺寸8 * 8 * (384+384)=8*8*768
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'): #这个分支更复杂:1*1>3*3>1*3+3*1,总共有三层
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 448, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(
                    branch_2, 384, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
                branch_2 = tf.concat([
                    slim.conv2d(branch_2, 384, [1, 3], scope='Conv2d_0c_1x3'),
                    slim.conv2d(branch_2, 384, [3, 1], scope='Conv2d_0d_3x1')], 3)
                # 输出尺寸8 * 8 * (384+384)=8*8*768
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(
                    branch_3, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
                # 输出尺寸8 * 8 * (384+384)=8*8*192
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 输出通道数增加到2048 # 输出尺寸8 * 8 * (320+768+768+192)=8*8*2048
 
        # 第三个模块组第三个Inception Module 名称是:Mixed_7c
        #同前一个一样
        with tf.variable_scope('Mixed_7c'):
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_0'):
                branch_0 = slim.conv2d(net, 320, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_1'):
                branch_1 = slim.conv2d(net, 384, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_1 = tf.concat([
                    slim.conv2d(branch_1, 384, [1, 3], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x3'),
                    slim.conv2d(branch_1, 384, [3, 1], scope='Conv2d_0c_3x1')], 3)
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_2'):
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(net, 448, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0a_1x1')
                branch_2 = slim.conv2d(
                    branch_2, 384, [3, 3], scope='Conv2d_0b_3x3')
                branch_2 = tf.concat([
                    slim.conv2d(branch_2, 384, [1, 3], scope='Conv2d_0c_1x3'),
                    slim.conv2d(branch_2, 384, [3, 1], scope='Conv2d_0d_3x1')], 3)
            with tf.variable_scope('Branch_3'):
                branch_3 = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [3, 3], scope='AvgPool_0a_3x3')
                branch_3 = slim.conv2d(
                    branch_3, 192, [1, 1], scope='Conv2d_0b_1x1')
            net = tf.concat([branch_0, branch_1, branch_2, branch_3], 3)
            # 输出尺寸8 * 8 * (320+768+768+192)=8*8*2048
 
        return net, end_points
        #Inception V3网络的核心部分,即卷积层部分就完成了
    '''
    设计inception net的重要原则是图片尺寸不断缩小,inception模块组的目的都是将空间结构简化,同时将空间信息转化为
    高阶抽象的特征信息,即将空间维度转为通道的维度。降低了计算量。Inception Module是通过组合比较简单的特征
    抽象(分支1)、比较比较复杂的特征抽象(分支2和分支3)和一个简化结构的池化层(分支4),一共四种不同程度的
    特征抽象和变换来有选择地保留不同层次的高阶特征,这样最大程度地丰富网络的表达能力。
    '''
 
########全局平均池化、Softmax和Auxiliary Logits(之前6e模块的辅助分类节点)########
def inception_v3(inputs,
                 num_classes=1000, # 最后需要分类的数量(比赛数据集的种类数)
                 is_training=True, # 标志是否为训练过程,只有在训练时Batch normalization和Dropout才会启用
                 dropout_keep_prob=0.8, # 节点保留比率
                 prediction_fn=slim.softmax, # 最后用来分类的函数
                 spatial_squeeze=True, # 参数标志是否对输出进行squeeze操作(去除维度数为1的维度,比如5*3*1转为5*3)
                 reuse=None, # 是否对网络和Variable进行重复使用
                 scope='InceptionV3'): # 包含函数默认参数的环境
 
  with tf.variable_scope(scope, 'InceptionV3', [inputs, num_classes], # 定义参数默认值
                         reuse=reuse) as scope:
      #'InceptionV3'是命名空间
    with slim.arg_scope([slim.batch_norm, slim.dropout], # 定义标志默认值
                        is_training=is_training):
      # 拿到最后一层的输出net和重要节点的字典表end_points
      net, end_points = inception_v3_base(inputs, scope=scope) # 用定义好的函数构筑整个网络的卷积部分
 
      # Auxiliary Head logits作为辅助分类的节点,对分类结果预测有很大帮助,
      # 对end_points的结界做平均池化、卷积最后通过1*1的卷积将通道变为1000
      with slim.arg_scope([slim.conv2d, slim.max_pool2d, slim.avg_pool2d],
                          stride=1, padding='SAME'): # 将卷积、最大池化、平均池化步长设置为1
        aux_logits = end_points['Mixed_6e'] # 通过end_points取到Mixed_6e
        with tf.variable_scope('AuxLogits'):
          aux_logits = slim.avg_pool2d(
              aux_logits, [5, 5], stride=3, padding='VALID', # 在Mixed_6e之后接平均池化。压缩图像尺寸
              scope='AvgPool_1a_5x5')
          # 输入图像尺寸17*17*768,输出5*5*768
          aux_logits = slim.conv2d(aux_logits, 128, [1, 1], # 卷积。压缩图像尺寸。
                                   scope='Conv2d_1b_1x1')
          # 输出图像尺寸5*5*128
          # Shape of feature map before the final layer.
          aux_logits = slim.conv2d(
              aux_logits, 768, [5,5],
              weights_initializer=trunc_normal(0.01), # 权重初始化方式重设为标准差为0.01的正态分布
              padding='VALID', scope='Conv2d_2a_5x5')
          # 输出图像尺寸1*1*768
          aux_logits = slim.conv2d(
              aux_logits, num_classes, [1, 1], activation_fn=None,
              normalizer_fn=None, weights_initializer=trunc_normal(0.001),
              scope='Conv2d_2b_1x1')
          # 输出变为1*1*1000,这里的num_classes表示输出通道数,不用激活和标准化,权重重设为0.001的正态分布
          if spatial_squeeze: # tf.squeeze消除tensor中前两个为1的维度。
            aux_logits = tf.squeeze(aux_logits, [1, 2], name='SpatialSqueeze')
 
#  这里非常值得注意,tf.squeeze(aux_logits, [1, 2])为什么是[1, 2]而不是[0,1],括号里表示为1的维度
#因为训练的时候是输入的批次,第一维不是1,[32,1,1,1000].
          end_points['AuxLogits'] = aux_logits
          # 最后将辅助分类节点的输出aux_logits储存到字典表end_points中
 
      # 处理正常的分类预测逻辑
      # Final pooling and prediction
      # 这一过程的主要步骤:对Mixed_7c的输出进行8*8的全局平均池化>Dropout>1*1*1000的卷积>除去维数为1>softmax分类
      with tf.variable_scope('Logits'):
        net = slim.avg_pool2d(net, [8, 8], padding='VALID',
                              scope='AvgPool_1a_8x8')
        #输入为8*8*2048 输出为1 x 1 x 2048
        net = slim.dropout(net, keep_prob=dropout_keep_prob, scope='Dropout_1b')
        end_points['PreLogits'] = net
        # 1*1*2048
        logits = slim.conv2d(net, num_classes, [1, 1], activation_fn=None,
                             normalizer_fn=None, scope='Conv2d_1c_1x1')
        # 激活函数和规范化函数设为空 # 输出通道数1*1*1000
        if spatial_squeeze: # tf.squeeze去除输出tensor中维度为1的节点
          logits = tf.squeeze(logits, [1, 2], name='SpatialSqueeze')
      end_points['Logits'] = logits
      end_points['Predictions'] = prediction_fn(logits, scope='Predictions')
      # Softmax对结果进行分类预测
  return logits, end_points # 最后返回logits和包含辅助节点的end_points
#end_points里面有'AuxLogits'、'Logits'、'Predictions'分别是辅助分类的输出,主线的输出以及经过softmax后的预测输出
 
'''
到这里,前向传播已经写完,对其进行运算性能测试
'''
########评估网络每轮计算时间########
def time_tensorflow_run(session, target, info_string):
 
  # Args:
  # session:the TensorFlow session to run the computation under.
  # target:需要评测的运算算子。
  # info_string:测试名称。
 
  num_steps_burn_in = 10
  # 先定义预热轮数(头几轮跌代有显存加载、cache命中等问题因此可以跳过,只考量10轮迭代之后的计算时间)
  total_duration = 0.0 # 记录总时间
  total_duration_squared = 0.0 # 总时间平方和  -----用来后面计算方差
 
  #迭代计算时间
  for i in range(num_batches + num_steps_burn_in): # 迭代轮数
    start_time = time.time() # 记录时间
    _ = session.run(target) # 每次迭代通过session.run(target)
    duration = time.time() - start_time
    #每十轮输出一次
    if i >= num_steps_burn_in:
      if not i % 10:
        print ('%s: step %d, duration = %.3f' %
               (datetime.now(), i - num_steps_burn_in, duration))
      total_duration += duration  # 累加便于后面计算每轮耗时的均值和标准差
      total_duration_squared += duration * duration
  mn = total_duration / num_batches # 每轮迭代的平均耗时
  vr = total_duration_squared / num_batches - mn * mn
  # 方差,是把一般的方差公式进行化解之后的结果,值得 借鉴
  sd = math.sqrt(vr) # 标准差
  print ('%s: %s across %d steps, %.3f +/- %.3f sec / batch' %
         (datetime.now(), info_string, num_batches, mn, sd))
  #输出的时间是处理一批次的平均时间加减标准差
 
# 测试前向传播性能
batch_size = 32 # 因为网络结构较大依然设置为32,以免GPU显存不够
height, width = 299, 299 # 图片尺寸
# 随机生成图片数据作为input
inputs = tf.random_uniform((batch_size, height, width, 3))
 
with slim.arg_scope(inception_v3_arg_scope()):
    # scope中包含了batch normalization默认参数,激活函数和参数初始化方式的默认值
  logits, end_points = inception_v3(inputs, is_training=False)
    # inception_v3中传入inputs获取里logits和end_points
 
init = tf.global_variables_initializer() # 初始化全部模型参数
sess = tf.Session() # 创建session
sess.run(init)
num_batches=100 # 测试的batch数量
time_tensorflow_run(sess, logits, "Forward")
'''
虽然输入图片比VGGNet的224*224大了78%,但是forward速度却比VGGNet更快。
这主要归功于其较小的参数量,inception V3参数量比inception V1的700万
多了很多,不过仍然不到AlexNet的6000万参数量的一半。相比VGGNet的1.4
亿参数量就更少了。整个网络的浮点计算量为50亿次,比inception V1的15亿
次大了不少,但是相比VGGNet来说不算大。因此较少的计算量让inception V3
网络变得非常实用,可以轻松地移植到普通服务器上提供快速响应服务,甚至
移植到手机上进行实时的图像识别。
'''
#分析结果:前面的输出是当前时间下每10步的计算时间,最后输出的是当前时间下前向传播的总批次以及平均时间+-标准差


最后附上我的运行结果:

我也有很多不懂得地方,毕竟也是初学者,欢迎交流讨论

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转载自blog.csdn.net/duanyajun987/article/details/81381716